Terdapat berbagai cara dalam menentukan skor atau peringkat kegiatan lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola perusahaan (ESG), namun tujuan akhir yang ingin dicapai adalah pengukuran menggunakan kombinasi output keuangan berdasarkan aspek konstituen; faktor pelanggan, faktor pasar, dan faktor keuangan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mendekonstruksi kinerja peringkat ESG di tingkat pilar E, S, dan G dan menggunakan indikator isu-isu utama yang mendasari aspek lingkungan, sosial-komunitas, sosial-karyawan, dan tata kelola. Dengan menggunakan kinerja dari 2018 hingga 2020 di perusahaan publik yang terdaftar dalam indeks LQ45, penulis menemukan bahwa bobot E, S, dan G yang lebih seimbang dan spesifik industri menunjukkan kinerja jangka panjang yang lebih baik. Dalam studi ini juga ditemukan bahwa cakrawala waktu yang digunakan menjadi pertimbangan penting pada signifikansi indikator, dimana dalam pra-pandemi aspek lingkungan memiliki dampak paling besar terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Selama pandemi ditemukan bahwa ESG/CSR dalam aspek sosial dan tata kelola memiliki dampak paling besar terhadap kinerja perusahaan. ......ESG activity has been proven to have a positive impact on the organization's performance. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought a new perspective to the organization. The pandemic had forced the organization to rethink how corporate social responsibility programs can contribute more to the organization's performance in terms of increased profit while still maintaining their cause and motivation. This research aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility impacts organization performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research applied case study methods to determine CSR factors that are measured in Environment, Social, and Government indicators.
While there are many ways to construct a company’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) score or rating, involving different combinations of financial output based on constituent aspects; customer factor, market factor, and financial factor. In this study, the authors deconstruct ESG rating performance at the E, S, and G pillar levels and use key issues indicators that underlie environment, social-community, social-employee, and governance aspects. Based on measurement of company performance from 2018 to 2020 of public listed companies registered in the LQ45 index, the authors also find that a more balanced and industry-specific weighting of E, S, and G issues showed better long-term performance. This study find that the time horizon used has an important bearing on the indicators’ significance, while in pre-pandemic ESG/CSR in environment aspect has most impact to the company performance. During pandemic ESG/CSR in social and governance aspect is the most impact to company performance.
Tesis ini menganalisis hubungan pengelolaan modal kerja terhadap kinerja 254 perusahaan manufaktur yang di ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Singapore). Investasi modal kerja optimal sensitif terhadap kendala keuangan di mana hubungannya membentuk grafik U terbalik. Dengan kata lain, penambahan investasi pada modal kerja dapat menguntungkan, tetapi pada titik tertentu, penambahan investasi pada modal kerja justru dapat menurunkan kinerja perusahaan. Titik balik tersebut disebut sebagai level optimal. Perusahaan dengan kendala keuangan memiliki level optimal yang lebih rendah karena perusahaan menanggung beban pembiayaan (financial cost) dan biaya pembiayaan tambahan sehingga pertimbangan manajemen dalam memutuskan penambahan pada modal kerja menjadi sangat ketat. Tesis ini dapat membantu manajemen dalam memutuskan level optimal investasi pada modal kerja dan memaksimalkan nilai dan kinerja perusahaan. Tesis ini juga melihat hubungan kinerja perusahaan dengan faktor makroekonomi di mana penelitian ini menganalisis dampak Financial Development Index (yang diterbitkan oleh World Bank) terhadap kinerja perusahaan.
This thesis observes the linkage of working capital management and company financial performance of 254 manufacturers in ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Singapore). The optimum working capital investment is sensitive to financial constraint in which the relation shows the inverted U-shaped. In other words, investment in working capital can be profitable, but at the certain point, more investment in working capital can lower the companys performance. Such turning point is called an optimum level. Companies with financial constraint have lower optimum level because the companies bear higher financial cost and additional financial expense so that managements consideration in increasing working capital are very strict. This thesis can help the management in deciding the optimal investment level on working capital and maximizing the companys value and performance. This thesis also looks at the relationship of company performance with macroeconomic factors in which this study examines the effect financial development index (published by the World Bank) to companys performance.