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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian pengaruh limbah cair pabrik karet terhadap kadar klorofil Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UI Depok. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa konsentrasi limbah cair pabrik karet dan waktu kultur terhadap kadar klorofil C. pyrenoidosa Chick. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu medium Beneck, medium Iimbah cair pabrik karet konsentrasi 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% menggunakan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar klorofil tertinggi pada akhir pengamatan (t12) terdapat pada perlakuan medium limbah cair konsentrasi 50% yaitu 20, 5179 φg/ml, sedangkan rerata kadar klorofil terendah terdapat dalam perlakuan Iimbah cair pabrik karet konsentrasi 0% yaitu 1,6240 φg/ml. Analisis data kadar klorofil menggunakan uji Friedman pada α 0.05 menunjukkan bahwa medium perlakuan dan waktu kultur berpengaruh terhadap kadar klorofil C. pyrenoidosa Chick. Uji perbandingan berganda Dunnet pada α = 0.05 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil perlakuan pada medium limbah cair konsentrasi 0% dengan limbah cair konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%; medium Beneck dengan Iimbah cair konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%; dan limbah cair konsentrasi 50% dengan 100%; serta adanya perbedaan hasil perlakuan pada waktu kultur t0 dengan t3 dan t9 dengan t12.

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The development of methods in measuring the photosynthesis process is now increasingly widespread, especially to get a more efficient method and fast. Photosynthesis efficiency of micro-algae periphytic has been estimated under the influence of light intensity and temperature by using the fluorescence monitoring system. the measurement on a colonized substrate by the saturation pulse method has been conducted using a FMSI(Fluorescence Monitoring Systems,Hansatech). Measurement of the fluorescence parameters was conducted every week on algal periphyton which was cultivated on the articial substrate during for 5 weeks under light and temperature conditions. The results show that fluorecence maximal value (Fm) increase linearly with chlorophyll a concentrations. For 20 derajat C (experiment where the biomass reached higher values),up to 100 mg chlorophyll a.m min 2 the change in Fm is approximately linear. After,the response of Fm is hyperbolic, sugesstting a measure in vivo chlorophyll a flurescence of periphyton in laboratory conditions. The instrument is simple to use, with convenient software control, especially when used in PC mode.

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Strong market demand and uncontrolled exploitation and/or the inadequate management of fisheries have caused many stocks of sea cucumbers to be overexploited. One suggested effort to overcome this problem is sea ranching. Stocking density is the most important consideration in sea cucumber rearing; therefore, this present work is aimed at elucidating the best stocking density for sea ranching of Holothuria atra. H. atra was taken from the Panjang Island, Jepara waters and reared in bottom cages in Teluk Awur waters, Jepara with a density of 30, 20, or 10 individuals per cage measuring 2 m × 2 m × 1.8 m (with bottom area of 4 m2). Stocking times of H. atra were at the initial time of cage installation, the second and the third months after installation. Bottom sediment characteristics (i.e., chlorophyll a, b, phaeophytin, and total carotene) of the sea cucumber habitat and water quality in the cages were measured monthly during the study. The results showed that growth of H. atra fluctuated; low stocking density yielded a higher weight gain than high stocking density did. The highest weight gain was present in the density of 10 individuals/cage in the second stocking month. The highest survival rate of H. atra was seen in the condition of 30 individuals/cage (93%) at the third stocking month, which means that these sea cucumbers were only reared for three months. The highest mortality occurred at a density of 20 individuals/cage with the survival rate being low (45%) at the first stocking time or in the fifth month of rearing. There was fission evidence among H. atra reared in the cages, resulting in smaller organisms. Among the water quality parameters, the concentration of chlorophyll a, b, phaeophytin, and carotene in the sediment fluctuated according to the time of sea cucumber rearing caused by their feeding and bioturbation. The study results suggested to stock H. atra at low density during the second stocking month to get higher growth.

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Klorofil-a selama ini dianggap mencerminkan kelimpahan ikan pelagis, padahal kondisi berlebih menyebabkan kematian ikan. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh pencemaran dan perubahan iklim. Pencemaran Sungai Citarum mengakibatkan tangkapan ikan nelayan Muara Bendera menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pola spasial dan tren klorofil-a, hubungan klorofil-a dengan produktivitas tangkapan pelagis, serta pengaruh ENSO dan IOD terhadap produktivitas tangkapan pelagis. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasilnya menunjukkan konsentrasi klorofil-a tertinggi berada di sekitar muara sungai, semakin menjauhi muara dan pantai semakin menurun. Tahun 1997 - 2021, tren klorofil-a meningkat sebesar +0,013 mg/m3/tahun atau +1,43 %/tahun. Secara spasial peningkatan tren klorofil-a tahun 1997 – 2021 konsisten berada di sekitar Muara Citarum dan Cisadane. Sejak tahun 2000 klorofil-a perairan Kepulauan Seribu Utara menunjukkan peningkatan tren dan penurunan di bagian tengah Teluk Jakarta. klorofil-a dan produktivitas tangkapan pelagis mempunyai hubungan negatif sebesar -0,13. Tidak ada pengaruh ENSO terhadap produktivitas tangkapan pelagis di wilayah ini. Produktivitas tangkapan pelagis terindikasi sedikit dipengaruhi oleh IOD. Kenaikan tren klorofil-a di wilayah tangkapan Muara Bendera tidak diimbangi dengan kenaikan produktivitas tangkapan pelagis, justru mengindikasikan penurunan ......Chlorophyll-a has been considered to reflect pelagic fish, but excess conditions cause fish death. It is influenced by pollution and climate change. The pollution of the Citarum River has resulted in a decline in fish catches from Muara Bendera fishermen. The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial pattern and trend of chlorophyll-a, the relationship of chlorophyll-a to pelagic catch productivity, and the effect of ENSO and IOD on pelagic catch productivity. The method used is qualitative and quantitative. The results showed the highest concentration of chlorophyll-a around the river mouth, the increase in the estuary and the coast increased. In 1997 - 2021, the trend of chlorophyll-a increased by +0.013 mg/m3/year or +1.43%/year. Spatially, the increasing trend of chlorophyll-a from 1997 to 2021 was consistent around Muara Citarum and Cisadane. Since 2000, chlorophyll-a in the waters of the North Thousand Islands has shown an increasing and decreasing trend in the central part of Jakarta Bay. chlorophyll-a and pelagic catch productivity had a negative relationship of -0.13. There is no effect of ENSO on pelagic catch productivity in this region. The productivity of pelagic catches is slightly affected by IOD. The increasing trend of chlorophyll-a in each catchment area of Muara Bendera did not increase with the increase in pelagic income, instead it decreased.

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Penelitian mengenai analisis hubungan kandungan klorofil fitoplankton dengan suhu dan salinitas di Estuari Cimandiri, Pelabuhanratu Jawa Barat telah dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2017. Hasil konsentrasi kandungan klorofil-afitoplankton di Estuari Cimandiri berkisar antara 0,0163--0,2361 mg/l. klorofil-bfitoplankton berkisar antara 0,0061--0,0131 mg/l, sedangkan klorofil-cfitoplankton berkisar antara -0,0501-- -0,0965 mg/l. Kandungan klorofil-ame miliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan klorofil-b dan klorofil-c. Hasil identifikasi dan pencacahan sampel diperoleh 4 filum yaitu Bacillariophyta 7genus, Dinophyta 3 genus, Cyanophyta 2 genus dan Chlorophyta 3 genus. Analisis korelasi Spearman dan Pearson menujukkan hubungan antara klorofilfitoplankton dengan suhu sangat rendah. Terdapat korelasi antara klorofil fitoplankton dengan salinitas namun berkorelasi negatif. Faktor lingkungan yang paling memengaruhi kandungan klorofil fitoplankton di Estuari Cimandiri yaitu konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat di stasiun penelitian sedangkan struktur komunitas yang paling memengaruhi kandungan klorofil fitoplankton yaitu kelimpahan fitoplankton. ...... Research on the analysis of the relationship between phytoplankton chlorophyll content with temperature and salinity at Cimandiri Estuary, Pelabuhanratu West Java was conducted in January May 2017. The result of concentration of chlorophyll a phytoplankton content in Estuary Cimandiri ranged from 0,0163 mdash 0,2361 mg l. Chlorophyll b phytoplankton ranged from 0,0061 0,0131 mg l, while chlorophyll c phytoplankton ranged from 0,0501 0,0965 mg l. The content of chlorophyll a has a higher value than chlorophyll b and chlorophyll c. The results of the identification and enumeration of the samples were 4 phylum Bacillariophyta 7 genera, Dinophyta 3 genera, Cyanophyta 2 genera and Chlorophyta 3 genera. Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis showed the relationship between chlorophyll phytoplankton with temperature is very low. There is a correlation between phytoplankton chlorophyll with salinity but negatively correlated. Environmental factors that most affect the content of phytoplankton chlorophyll in Cimandiri Estuary is the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in research station while the most influencing the concentrations of chlorophyll phytoplankton is the abundance of phytoplankton.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan nutrisi nitrogen yang tepat dalam memanfaatkan mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg sebagai bahan baku baik biodiesel maupun suplemen makanan. Nutrisi nitrogen divariasikan menjadi empat yaitu konsentrasi yang ada pada benneck (500 mg NaNO3/Liter), konsentrasi kekurangan nitrogen (250 mg NaNO3/Liter), konsentrasi kelebihan nitrogen (750 mg NaNO3/Liter), dan sumber nitrogen yang berbeda (500 mg CO(NH2)2/Liter). Konsentrasi nitrogen yang ada pada medium benneck merupakan nutrisi yang paling optimal untuk menghasilkan lipid hingga mencapai 0.42 g/g biomassa. Sedangkan sumber nitrogen urea merupakan nutrisi yang paling tepat untuk menghasilkan protein hingga mencapai 0.54 g/g biomassa. Untuk menghasilkan klorofil, medium yang kelebihan nitrogen merupakan nutrisi yang paling tepat hingga mencapai 4.9 g/100g biomassa. ......The purpose of this study was to determine the proper nitrogen nutrients in microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg use as raw material for both biodiesel and food supplements. Nitrogen nutrients varied into four namely the concentration that existed at the benneck (500 mg NaNO3/Liter), the concentration of nitrogen deficiency (250 mg NaNO3/Liter), excess nitrogen concentration (750 mg NaNO3/Liter), and different nitrogen sources (500 mg CO (NH2)2/Liter). Nitrogen concentration in the medium benneck there is the most optimal nutrition to produce lipids up to 0:42 g / g biomass. While the source of urea nitrogen is the most appropriate nutrients to produce the protein until it reaches 0:54 g / g biomass. To produce chlorophyll, medium that excess nitrogen is the most appropriate nutrients to reach 4.9 g/100g biomass.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian distribusi vertikal bakteri dan kaitannya dengan klorofil-a di perairan Kalimantan Timur pada bulan Agustus - September 1999. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengamati kaitan bakteri dengan klorofil -a. Analisa bakteri menggunakan metoda Acridine Orange- Epifluorescence Microscopy sedangkan analisa klorofil-a menggunakan metode fluorometrik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi yang populasi bakterinya tinggi cenderung diikuti dengan tingginya kandungan klorofil-a. Di lokasi yang populasi bakterinya tinggi, konsentrasi klorofil-a nya juga tinggil. Populasi bakteri dan konsentrasi klorofil-a yang tinggi diperoleh pada lapisan kedalaman 25 m, berkisar antara (4 hingga 90) x 106 sel per ml untuk populasi bakteri dan berkisar antara (0,2 hingga 1,14) mg per m3 untuk konsentrasi klorofil-a. Kesimpulan hasil pengamatan, distribusi vertikal populasi bakteri ada kaitannya dengan konsentrasi klorofil-a.

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Vertical distribution of bacteria population in relation to chlorophyll-a in East Kalimantan waters. Study on distribution of bacteria population and its relation to concentration of chlorophyll-a has been conducted in August - September 1999 in East Kalimantan waters. The purpose of the study was to observe the correlation between population of bacteria and concentration of chlorophyll-a in water column. Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy method was used to analyze bacteria population, while fluorometric method was used to determine chlorophyll-a concentration. The result of the study showed that bacteria population was positively correlated to chlorophyll-a concentration, area with high bacteria population has high concentration of chlorophyll-a. The high bacteria population was found in the water columnh of the 25 m deep,as well as for chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between (4 and 90) x 106 cell per ml and (0.2 and 1.14) mg per m3 respectively. It was concluded that vertical distribution of bacteria population was closely correlated to the concentration of chlorophyll-a.

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Distribution of chlorophyll-A and its relation with eotrophication in Jakarta bay . Eutrophication has been recognized as a serious problem in estuarine systems for many years.....

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Light is one of the most important factor in plant tissue culture. The growth and development of plant in vitro are affected by light quality. This study examines the influence of different light qualities on the in vitro growth and development of oil palm shoots. Oil palm shoots were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium under either white fluorescent lamp, white light-emitting diode (LED), red LED, blue LED, combination of red and blue LED, or in darkness. The results show that the growth and development of oil palm shoots are influenced by the light quality. Root initiation and shoot elongation were good under red light, while chlorophyll and sugar content was better produced under white and blue light than red light. In addition to white fluorescent lamp, the combination of red and blue LED resulted in higher growth parameter compared to other light treatments, but the results were not significantly different.

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Chlorophyll-a is a pigment that is contained in phytoplankton. Through the photosynthesis process, chlorophyll-a plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of global warming on chlorophyll-a concentration in Indonesian waters. The data used includes the monthly data of sea surface temperatures from 1984-2013, CO2 concentrations from 1980-2014, and chlorophyll-a concentrations from 2003-2014. The method used is linear regression. The results show that sea surface temperatures in Indonesian waters increased by about 0.51 °C from 1984-2013. The effects of global warming on chlorophyll-a concentrations varies between different areas of Indonesian waters. From the 12 research sites, 9 showed a decrease in concentration and 3 showed an increase.

Pengaruh Pemanasan Global terhadap Konsentrasi Klorofil-a di Perairan Indonesia. Klorofil-a adalah pigmen yang terkandung dalam fitoplankton. Klorofil-a mempunyai peranan penting dalam siklus karbon global melalui proses fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanasan global terhadap konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan Indonesia. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari suhu permukaan laut bulanan dari tahun 1984-2013, konsentrasi CO2 bulanan dari tahun 1980-2014 dan konsentrasi klorofil-a bulanan dari tahun 2003-2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tahun 1984-2013 telah terjadi peningkatan suhu permukaan laut wilayah perairan Indonesia sebesar 0,51 °C. Pengaruh pemanasan global terhadap konsentrasi klorofil-a bervariasi untuk setiap wilayah perairan Indonesia yang berbeda. Dari 12 lokasi penelitian, 9 lokasi menunjukkan tren penurunan dan 3 lokasi penelitian menunjukkan tren kenaikan suhu.