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"Penelitian ini membahas perjuangan Orang Rimba di Bukit Duabelas, spesifiknya di Makekal Hulu, untuk memengaruhi kebijakan zonasi Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas di Jambi melalui pengorganisasian Kelompok Makekal Bersatu (KMB). Kebijakan zonasi tersebut menuai penolakan karena akan mengusir Orang Rimba dari tempat tinggal aslinya serta bertentangan dengan aturan adat yang mereka jalankan. Dua hal yang menjadi fokus pembahasan adalah proses pengorganisasian KMB dan upaya-upaya KMB untuk memengaruhi kebijakan zonasi Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas sepanjang tahun 2006-2019. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa upaya-upaya yang dilakukan KMB merupakan bentuk aktivisme politik, sebagaimana dikemukakan Pippa Norris dalam teori aktivisme politik. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif (wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen) ini menemukan bahwa KMB dibentuk atas urgensi untuk merespons kebijakan zonasi Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, dan upaya-upaya KMB sepanjang tahun 2006-2019 yang mencakup konsolidasi, demonstrasi, kampanye, pemetaan partisipatif, dan dialog merupakan bentuk aktivisme politik. Upaya-upaya tersebut masuk ke dalam kategori mixed action strategies. Targetnya bersifat state oriented karena berusaha memengaruhi aktor negara dalam proses perumusan kebijakan. KMB sendiri berperan sebagai agensi, dan masuk ke dalam kategori agensi modern. Aktivisme politik tersebut berhasil mendorong Kesepakatan Bersama untuk memadukan aturan adat dan aturan negara dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas. Faktor faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan ini mencakup fondasi perjuangan yang kuat, ragam strategi, persistensi, organisasi pendamping yang suportif, serta momentum eksternal yang mendukung.

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This study delves into the struggle of Orang Rimba in Bukit Duabelas—specifically in Makekal Hulu—to influence the zoning policy of Bukit Duabelas National Park in Jambi through the organization of Kelompok Makekal Bersatu (KMB). The zoning policy in question was rejected because it would displace Orang Rimba from their ancestral lands and contradict their tribal laws. This study focuses on two things: the organizing process of KMB and the organization’s efforts to influence the zoning policy of Bukit Duabelas National Park through years 2006-2019. It is argued here that KMB’s efforts fit the definition of political activism as outlined by Pippa Norris in her theory of political activism. This qualitative study, which uses both in-depth interviews and document analyses, found that KMB itself was formed due to the urgency to respond to the zoning policy of Bukit Duabelas National Park, and KMB’s efforts through years 2006-2019, namely consolidation, demonstration, campaign, participatory mapping, and dialogues, are forms of political activism. These efforts fall into the category of mixed action strategies. Due to its aim to influence state actors in policymaking, the target of these efforts is deemed to be state-oriented. KMB itself takes on the role of an agency and is categorized as a modern agency. These acts of political activism have resulted in the joint decision to combine tribal and state laws in the management of Bukit Duabelas National Park. The factors that contributed towards the success of KMB’s political activism included its strong foundation, the variety of strategies used, persistence, supportive partner organizations, as well as external momentum that worked in favor of the movement."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian etnobotani tumbuhan obat belum banyak dikaitkan dengan penelitian mengenai vegetasi hutan sebagai sumber tumbuhan obat. Telah dilakukan penelitian oleh Anas (2013), Rahma (2013), dan Sehati (2013) yang mendata 213 jenis Angiospermae berhabitus pohon (tingkat pohon, belta, dan semai) dari 53familidi zona inti Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD). Data tersebut menjadi bahan studi potensi tumbuhan obat untuk mengetahui manfaat pengobatan spesies tumbuhan dari ketiga penelitian tersebut. Studi dilakukan melalui penelusuran pustaka, wawancara ahli, dan dokumentasi tumbuhan. Delapan puluh tiga jenis merupakan tumbuhan obat yang digunakan berbagai etnis di Indonesia dengan keragaman bagian yang digunakan dan penyakit yang diobati. Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan obat yang paling banyak digunakan. Jenis penyakit yang paling banyak diobati dengan tumbuhan obat adalah gangguan gastrointestinal. Bioaktivitas dari 14 jenis tumbuhan telah diketahui sesuai dengan penggunaan tumbuhan tersebut. Sebanyak 28 jenis berada dalam database IUCN red list dengan 5 jenis berada dalam daftar high risk. Aquilaria malaccensis merupakan satu-satunya jenis yang berada dalam apendiks II CITES

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ABSTRACTAnalysis about forest vegetation are rarely related to medicinal potency of the plants. There are 213 species of Angiospermae in tree form (tree, belt, and seedling level) from 53 family recorded from Anas? (2013), Rahma?s (2013), and Sehati?s (2013) researches in the core zone of Bukit Duabelas National Park. This data become the material of analysis about medicinal ethnobotanyto understand about medicinal properties of plant species? from those three researches. The analysis is done by literature study, interview with ethnobotany researcher, and plant documentation. There are eighty three species used as medicinal plants in several Indonesian tribes and ethnics with high variation in use and disease.Leaves are the most frequently used part of medicinal plants and gastrointestinal disfunctions treatment are the one that use the most medicinal plants. Comparation between ethnobotanical study and bioactivity assay only shows correlation for fourteen species. Known that 28 species are in the IUCN redlist database with 5 species in highrisklist. Aquilaria malaccensis is the only plant included in the appendix II of CITES."

"Kajian manfaat tumbuhan hutan pamah telah dilakukan berdasarkan data keanekaragaman dari penelitian Anas (2013), Rahmah (2013), Sehati (2013), pada bulan Februari hingga Mei 2014. Kajian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan keanekaragaman tumbuhan hutan pamah di zona inti Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD). Kajian manfaat tersebut dilakukan melalui tahap pengecekan serta dokumentasi spesies terkait, dan penelusuran potensi pemanfaatannya melalui sumber rujukan ilmiah. Potensi pemanfaatan yang diperoleh sejumlah 161 spesies tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam 111 genus dan 48 famili. Potensi tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam kategori bahan pangan (72 spesies), bahan obat (73 spesies), bahan bangunan (87 spesies), bahan bakar (33 spesies), kerajinan dan teknologi lokal (47 spesies), bahan pewarna dan ritual (15 spesies), dan sumber penghasilan nonkayu (20 spesies). Sepuluh famili dengan potensi pemanfaatan manfaat terbanyak adalah Euphorbiaceae (10 spesies), Moraceae (10 spesies), Lauraceae (9 spesies), Clusiaceae (8 spesies), Rubiaceae (8 spesies), Fabaceae (7 spesies), Malvaceae (7 spesies), Phyllanthaceae (7 spesies), Sapindaceae (6 spesies), Annonaceae (5 spesies).

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Utilization assessment of low land rain forest vegetation was conducted based on previous research data by Anas (2013), Rahmah (2013), and Sehati (2013) on February to May 2014. Its aim was to acknowledge utilization potential of low land forest plant biodiversity at core zone of Bukit Duabelas National Park (BDNP). The assesment was conducted on checking and documentation of plant biodiversity, and economic potential assessment through scientific reference. Utilization assessment deliver 161 species in 111 genera and 48 families. Utility potential was distributed into seven utilizatition groups, food (72 species) medicinal subtances (73 species), construction (87 species), firewood (33 species), craft and local technology (47 species), natural dye and ritual (15 species), non-timber additional income (20 species). Ten highest families which mostly utilized are Euphorbiaceae (10 species), Moraceae (10 species), Lauraceae (9 species), Clusiaceae (8 species), Rubiaceae (8 species), Fabaceae (7 species), Malvaceae (7 species), Phyllanthaceae (7 species), Sapindaceae (6 species), Annonaceae (5 species)."

"Disturbances caused by the conversion of rain forests into agricultural systems provide an opportunity for the expansion of Invasive Plant Species (IPS). Bukit Duabelas National Park is one of the few remaining lowland forests in Jambi Province (Sumatera, Indonesia). The surrounding areas up to the national park borders have already been converted into jungle rubber agroforests as well as rubber and oil palm plantations which might lead to an increased spread of IPS into the forest. This study was aimed at compiling a list of IPS and determining their distribution and coverage of IPS in four land use systems (rain forest jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm plantations). Spatial distribution patterns were investigated by creating a horizontal vegetation profile diagram for the permanent plots of the EFForTS project (Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems, http://www.uni-goettingen.de/crc990). The dominance of IPS was determined using Important Value Index. A total of forty IPS were identified across the four land-use systems. The numbers of IPS were the highest in oil palm (28 species) and rubber plantations (27 species), and the lowest in jungle rubber (10 species). IPS were absent in the lowland rain forest. The diversity of IPS was influenced by environmental factors, especially canopy openness. IPS with the highest ground coverage were Dicranopteris linearis and Clidemia hirta. Both of them were found in all three land-use systems outside the rain forest when the forest canopy opens due to illegal logging or other human disturbances. Therefore, reforestation of disturbed areas is recommended to prevent the spread of IPS."