Frits, Wamaer
Abstrak :
Prevalensi malaria klinis di kabupaten Fakfak : 285%o (2002), dan untuk triwulan 1 tahun 2003, (SPR): 65.33%, Jalciparuin: 28.83%, dan vivax: 24.62%, sedangkan malaria klinis pada balita : 23.73% dari semua golongan umur.
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kejadian malaria pada anak umur 6-59 bulan serta hubungannya dengan kondisi fisik bangunan rumah dan tempat perindukan nyamuk di daerah Distrik Fakfak; dan apakah hubungan dimaksud dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendidikan, penghasilan, lama waktu bennukim, kebiasaan pakai pakaian Tutup badan saat melakukan aktifitas di luar rumah pada malam hari, kebiasaan pakai kelambu saat tidur malam hari, dan kebiasaan pakai obat nyamuk pada malam hari.
Jenis penelitian adalah studi observasional dengan disain kasus kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara rumah dengan kondisi fisik bangungannya berpotensi (ada risiko) sebagai tempat hinggap, istirahat, dan mengigit nyamuk malaria dengan kejadian malaria pada anak umur 6-59 bulan sebesar 3.07 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan rumah yang kondisi fisik bangunannya tidak berpotensi (tidak ada risiko) sebagai tempat hinggap, istirahat, dan menggigit nyamuk malaria. Orang tua yang memiliki tingkat pendidikan tinggi berpengaruh terhadap hubungan kondisi fisik bangunan rumah dengan kejadian malaria pada anak sebagai faktor konfonding yang bersifat protektif yang mengurangi risiko untuk terkena malaria sebesar 0.47 kali lebih kecil dibandingkan orang tua yang memiliki tingkat pendidikan rendah. Terdapat interaksi antara kebiasaan pakai kelambu > 30 hari dan kondisi fisik bangunan rumah terhadap hubungannya dengan kejadian malaria pada anak dengan kekuatan hubungan 3.57 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kebiasaan pakai kelambu <30 hari (tidak pakai kelambu). Diperoleh pula prediksi berdasarkan perhitungan regresi logistik bahwa kemungkinan risiko terjadinya malaria pada seorang anak umur 6-59 bulan yang tinggal dirumah dengan kondisi fisik bangunannya berpotensi (ada risiko) sebagai tempat hinggap, istirahat, dan menggigit nyamuk malaria; dan memiliki orang tua dengan latar belakang tingkat pendidikan rendah, serta pakai kelambu <30 hari (tidak pakai kelambu) sebesar 77.64% lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan seorang anak umur 6-59 bulan tinggal dirumah dengan kondisi fisik bangunannya tidak ada risiko, dan memiliki orang tua dengan latar belakang tingkat pendidikan tinggi, serta pakai kelambu >30 hari (pakai kelambu) sebesar 39.65%. Jika dilakukan upaya pencegahan penyakit malaria dengan cara masyarakat membangun rumah tempat tinggal yang desain maupun bahan konstruksi bangunan rumah tidak berpotensi sebagai tempat hinggap, istirahat, dan menggigit nyamuk malaria akan memberikan dampak potensial berupa penurunan kejadian malaria sebesar 4230%.
Sangat diperlukan kesadaran dan peran aktif masyarakat dengan menjaga kondisi fisik bangunan rumah tetap bersih dan bebas dari vektor malaria; dan membangunan rumah yang desain maupun bahan konstruksi bangunan rumah yang tidak berpotensi sebagai tempat hinggap, istirahat, dan mengigit nyamuk malaria; serta membiasakan diri selalu menggunakan kelambu saat tidur pada malam hari.
Daftar pustaka : 49 (1963 - 2003 ).
The Association of Housing Condition and Mosquito Breeding Place to the Malaria Prevalence at Children Under 5 Years old at Fakfak District Health Services, Papua, 2003In 2003, the morbidity of clinical malaria at Fakfak District was 285 9uo. Furthermore, in the first quarterly year 2003, the Slide Positive Rate (SPR) was 65.33 % which consist of Plasmodium falciparum: 65.33 %, Plasmodium vivax: 24.62 % and the remained is combined (mixed), while the SPR of clinical malaria for children under five years old was 23.73 % from all ages group.
In general, the objective of this research was to identify and to examine the association between housing condition and mosquito breeding place to the malaria cases at children under five years old at Fakfak District, including any confounding factors were mostly education level, out come per capita per month, length of stay, the habit of wearing closed clothes when had outdoors activities at night, the habit of having mosquito net at night and using mosquito coil at night.
This research was conducted and carried out by the writer and health officers who have duties at Fakfak District mainly in Canton area, Papua. The type of this study was observational study with has case control design. It looked at the association between housing condition and mosquito breeding place as independent variable to the malaria cases as dependent variable at children under five years old. 220 respondents (head of household) were interviewed at Canton Sub-district, Fakfak District with consist of 110 respondents as control and 110 respondents who has malaria cases, The result of this study showed that there were strong significant of housing conditions which have potentially risk was 3.07 times compared to housing conditions where as mosquito can alighting, resting and biting which have no potentially risk with malaria cases at children under Hive years at Fakfak District. Moreover, of the confounding factors are considered being associated with the malaria cases, those that were strongly significant are the following variables: education level (p= 0.016), the habit of having mosquito net at night more than 30 days (p= 0.038). It represent that the respondent who has high education level became protective 0.47 times less than respondent who has low education level. Also it describes that respondent who have habits of having mosquito net at night more than 30 days had strongly significant (3.57) limes more than that respondent who have habits of having mosquito net at night less than 30 days. The data analysis using logistic regression that there is probability 77.64 % which children under five years old who stay at home where has potential risk and have parents who have low education level and who have habits of having mosquito net less than 30 days or without mosquito net.
Based on the results, it recommended that Health Officials should consider all significant variables involved in health policy, health promotion and health education. It is important to develop a strategy and Government policy to support the better implementation of malaria program for example healthy housing condition program where no potential risk for malaria or to eliminate of malaria breeding place. Moreover, it is required awareness and participation of community to be concerned of healthy housing. Hence, it is necessary to maintain their behavior primarily having mosquito net at night. Finally, it is essential to conduct further study concerning other factors associated with malaria cases.
References: 49 (1963 - 2003)
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2003
T12977
UI - Tesis Membership Universitas Indonesia Library
