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Abstrak :
Arsenic is a ubiquitious element in the environment and occurs naturally in both organic and inorganic forms. Under aerobic condition, the dominant form of arsenic in waters in arsenata, which is highly mobile and toxic....

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Air asam tambang (AAT) merupakan salah satu dampak negatif dari kegiatan pertambangan yang dapat menyebabkan masalah lingkungan dan memerlukan penanganan yang efisien dan efektif. Pemanfaatan mikroalga dalam remediasi atau fikoremediasi merupakan sebuah alternatif pengolahan AAT, namun memiliki keterbatasan aplikasi. Kendala pada aplikasi fikoremediasi AAT adalah karateristik dari air limbah yang membatasi pertumbuhan mikroalga, dimana air asam tambang memiliki kandungan logam yang tinggi, serta pH rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pertumbuhan mikroalga Botryococcus braunii sebagai agen fikoremediasi AAT. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan melakukan kultivasi mikroalga Botryococcus braunii pada AAT pada 5 photobioreactor (PBR) dengan variasi konsentrasi AAT (v v) 0, 2,5, 3, 3,5, 4, dan dilakukan kajian hubungan antara pertumbuhan mikroalga dengan konsentrasi logam Fe dan Mn, serta pH pada AAT. Botryococcus braunii menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan berbeda, dengan nilai berurutan dari konsentrasi AAT terendah sebesar 0,0862 hari, 1,403 hari, 1,374 /hari, 0,0738 hari, dan 0,0616 hari, dengan variasi fase pertumbuhan. Penyisihan logam Fe dengan nilai berurutan dari konsentrasi AAT terendah sebesar 27,96, 6,98, 51,42, 79,45 dan 84,29, dan penyisihan logam Mn sebesar 27,96, 6,98, 51,42, 79,45 dan 84,29. Diketahui pula pH masing-masing media dengan dengan nilai berurutan dari konsentrasi AAT terendah sebesar 8,0, 7,7, 7,7, 7,5, dan 7,5. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mikroalga Botryococcus braunii yang teraklimatisasi pada media AAT memiliki potensi sebagai bahan yang ekonomis dan berkelanjutan untuk menjadi agen remediasi AAT.

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ABSTRACT
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of negative impact on the mining industry, which can cause an environmental problem and requires an efficient and effective treatment system. Utilization of microalgae for remediation, or phycoremediation, is an alternative for AMD treatment, but it has limited applications. Limitation in phycoremediation is the characteristics of AMD that are not suitable for microalgae cultivation, due to its high metal concentration and low pH. This research was conducted by cultivating Botryococcus braunii microalgae on AMD with 5 photobioreactors (PBR) with variation in AMD concentration of (v v) 0, 2,5, 3, 3,5, 4, and the relationship between microalgae growth with Fe and Mn concentration and pH on AMD was conducted. Botryococcus braunii showed different growth rate with values sequentially from the lowest AMD concentration is 0,0862 day, 1,403 day, 1,374 day, 0,0738 day, and 0,0616 /day, with variations on growth phase. Removal efficiency of Fe with values sequentially from the lowest AMD concentration is 27,96, 6,98, 51,42, 79,45 and 84,29 and removal efficiency of Mn is 27,96, 6,98, 51,42, 79,45 and 84,29. It is also known pH value sequentially from the lowest AMD concentration is 8,0, 7,7, 7,7, 7,5, and 7,5. This research shows that Botryococcus braunii acclimatized on AMD media has the potential to become an economical and sustainable material for AMD remediation.

Abstrak :
Chromium sulphate Cr(III) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) widely used as tanning and biocide respectively in leather preparation are highly toxic and recalcitrant. Biosorption of chromium by Aspergillus niger FIST1 was evaluated, and process parameters were optimized in presence of carbon, nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen, pH, temperature, different concentration of chromium. The potency of Acinetobacter sp.IST3 for degradation of pentachlorophenol was determined by HPLC after formation of tetrachlrohydroquinone and chlrorohydroquinone. Bioremediation of chromium and PCP were tested in bioreactors in sequential way where bacterium treated effluent subsequently treated by fungus showed reduction of chromium (82%) and PCP (85%) after 120 hrs. Biosorption of chromium was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Recovery of chromium in tannery effluent was initially obtained by CaO:MgO (2:1) and pH adjusted to 7.0-7.6, and chromium absorbed by fungus and bacteria, was further used for tanning of the leather. Results of the study indicated that quality of the leather prepared by absorbed chromium of fungus and bacteria was better than chromium recovered by CaO:MgO determined by SEM. In view of above results ‘tanning cake’ was prepared which is better substitute of raw chromium used for tanning in leather mills.

Abstrak :
Untuk mengurangi pengeluaran impor BBM serta meningkatkan produksi minyak nasional, pemerintah melakukan pembukaan wilayah kerja dan eksplorasi migas secara masif. Semakin tinggi dan maraknya aktivitas pada industri migas, akan memiliki dampak negatif di lingkungan, termasuk didalamnya polusi tumpahan minyak di tanah. Polusi ini dapat mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan serta penurunan tingkat kesehatan, ekonomi, dan sosial masyarakat yang terdampak. Beberapa metode telah dilakukan dalam hal penanggulangan tumpahan minyak  dan metode yang paling ramah lingkungan adalah bioremediasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Menganalisis efektivitas bioremediasi untuk mendegradasi tumpahan minyak di tanah, menganalisis jenis bioremediasi yang paling efektif serta mengevaluasi kendala dalam mengimplementasi bioremediasi di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sequential explanatory dengan menggabungkan data yang didapatkan dari hasil uji coba laboratorium dan wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian, bioremediasi berhasil dalam menurunkan kandungan hidrokarbon dalam tanah dengan tingkat efektivitas penurunan lebih dari 70%. Efektivitas tertinggi didapat pada bioremediasi jenis fitoremediasi yang merupakan kombinasi antara Tanaman Vetiver, bakteri K4, dan Mikoriza. Secara skala laboratorium, bioremediasi dinilai efektif untuk mendegradasi kandungan hidrokarbon, tetapi secara praktikal di lapangan, bioremediasi dinilai tidak efektif karena memiliki kekurangan pada waktu pengerjaan dan langkah pengerjaan dinilai tidak praktis. Menurut Expert judgement, Sikap pemerintah pada kasus bioremediasi yang menimpa PT. Chevron membuat pengembangan dan implementasi bioremediasi di Indonesia terhambat karena pihak perusahaan minyak dan gas enggan untuk menggunakan metode bioremediasi untuk menghindar atau mengantisipasi masalah seperti yang dialami PT. Chevron. Diharapkan pemerintah mengkaji ulang peraturan-peraturan mengenai penanggulangan oil spills dan lebih aktif dalam memotivasi pihak-pihak terkait terutama oil company dan kontraktor untuk melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan untuk bioremediasi.

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To reduce spending on fuel imports and increase national oil production, the government is opening massive oil and gas exploration and work areas. The higher and increasing activity in the oil and gas industry, will have a negative impact on the environment, including pollution of oil spills on the ground. This pollution can affect environmental quality and decrease the health, economic and social level of the affected people. Several methods have been carried out in handling oil spills and the most environmentally friendly method is bioremediation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of bioremediation to degrade oil spills on land, analyze the most effective types of bioremediation and evaluate the obstacles in implementing bioremediation in the field. This study uses a sequential explanatory method by combining data obtained from the results of laboratory trials and interviews. Based on research, bioremediation was successful in reducing the hydrocarbon content in the soil with a reduction in effectiveness of more than 70%. The highest effectiveness was obtained in the type of phytoremediation bioremediation which is a combination of Vetiver, K4, and Mycorrhizae. On a laboratory scale, bioremediation is considered effective to degrade hydrocarbon content, but practically in the field, bioremediation is considered ineffective because it has shortages at the time of processing and the work steps are considered impractical. According to the Expert judgment, the government's attitude in the bioremediation case that befell PT. Chevron made the development and implementation of bioremediation in Indonesia hampered because the oil and gas companies were reluctant to use the bioremediation method to avoid or anticipate problems such as those experienced by PT. Chevron. It is expected that the government will review the regulations concerning the prevention of oil spills and be more active in motivating the relevant parties, especially oil companies and contractors to conduct research and development for bioremediation.