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"Plamen K. Georgiev discusses the most controversial issues of a possible accession of Turkey into EU and its impact on a number of collective identities as Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, Croatia, vulnerable to Islamic fundamentalism, but also new breeds of nationalisms. This comparative study prompts apt ideas for EU coordinated national politics, fostering its cultural homogeneity and integrity in a global world of rising risks and new responsibilities."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepentingan nasional negara-negara di Kawasan Balkan Barat menggunakan pendekatan realisme, dengan fokus pada dampaknya terhadap stabilitas regional dan hubungan internasional. Metode kualitatif yang digunakan mencakup analisis deskriptif dan komparatif berdasarkan studi literatur dari dokumen resmi, laporan organisasi internasional, artikel jurnal, dan sumber berita. Pendekatan realisme dan Teori Pilihan Rasional digunakan sebagai kerangka analisis untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana negara-negara di Kawasan ini mengejar kepentingan nasional mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara-negara di Balkan Barat cenderung meningkatkan kapabilitas militer, membentuk aliansi strategis, dan fokus pada diplomasi yang menekankan keamanan dan stabilitas. Kepentingan nasional mereka sering berkaitan dengan perlindungan kedaulatan, integritas teritorial, dan pengaruh regional. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa interaksi antar negara di Kawasan ini sering didominasi oleh rivalitas dan persaingan, yang dipicu oleh sejarah konflik serta perbedaan etnis dan agama. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya memahami dinamika kekuasaan dan kepentingan nasional dalam konteks geopolitik yang kompleks di Balkan Barat.

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This study aims to analyze the national interests of countries in the Western Balkans using a realist approach, focusing on its impact on regional stability and international relations. The qualitative methods include descriptive and comparative analysis based on literature reviews from official documents, international organization reports, journal articles, and news sources. Realism and Rational Choice Theory are utilized as the analytical framework to evaluate how countries in this region pursue their national interests. The study's findings indicate that countries in the Western Balkans tend to increase military capabilities, form strategic alliances, and focus on diplomacy emphasizing security and stability. Their national interests are often related to the protection of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and regional influence. The study also finds that interactions between countries in this region are often dominated by rivalry and competition, fueled by historical conflicts as well as ethnic and religious differences. Thus, this research underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics of power and national interests within the complex geopolitical context of the Western Balkans."

"Sebagai institusi supranasional terbesar di dunia, Uni Eropa telah mengalami enam gelombang perluasan sejak awal pendiriannya. Mulai dari perluasan ke Eropa Barat hingga perluasan ke Balkan Barat, perluasan telah menjadi agenda yang krusial dalam kebijakan Uni Eropa. Tulisan ini hanya mencakup perluasan ke Timur sebagai perluasan terbesar yang pernah terjadi di Uni Eropa, dan perluasan prospektif ke wilayah Turki dan wilayah Balkan Barat. Hal ini disebabkan karena sejak perluasan ke Timur mulai dibicarakan sebagai perluasan prospektif pada abad ke-21, literatur yang membicarakan mengenai dinamika perluasan secara komprehensif pun turut bermunculan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau perkembangan literatur mengenai perluasan Uni Eropa pada abad ke-21. Tulisan ini meninjau 29 literatur yang terakreditasi secara internasional mengenai perluasan keanggotaan Uni Eropa pada abad ke-21. Berdasarkan metode taksonomi, literatur-literatur tersebut dibagi menjadi tiga kategori tematik yang terdiri atas: 1) Faktor Pendorong, 2) Dampak, dan 3) Karakteristik. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi bahwa faktor pendorong rasional, dampak positif, dan karakteristik kepentingan Uni Eropa menjadi kombinasi tema yang paling dominan dan bersifat paling kuat. Terakhir, tulisan ini memberikan rekomendasi dan penekanan pada pentingnya perluasan untuk dijadikan agenda penelitian secara lebih lanjutan oleh penulis-penulis Eropa mau pun non-Eropa.

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As the largest supranational institution in the world, European Union has experienced six waves of enlargement since its inception. Ranging from enlargement to Western Europe to Western Balkan, enlargement has always been a crucial part of the European Union agenda. This writing only comprises of enlargement to the East as the largest enlargement to have ever occured in European Union, and prospective enlargement to Turkey and Western Balkan. This is as Eastern Enlargement began to be discussed as a prospective enlargement in the 21st century, literatures discussing about the dynamics of enlargement in a comprehensive way also began to emerge. This writing aims to review the development of literatures regarding European Union enlargement in the 21st century. This writing reviews 29 internationally accredited literatures regarding European Union Enlargement in the 21st century. Using taxonomy method, the literature is divided into three thematic categories, which comprise of: 1) Push Factors, 2) Impact, and 3) Characteristic. This writing identifies that rational push factor, positive impact, and characteristic of European Union interest are the most dominant and strongest combination. Lastly, this writing recommends and emphasizes on the importance of enlargement to be a further research agenda by authors of Europe origins or non-European origins."

"The aim of the book is to improve conventional building design in Southeast Europe. This is done with proposing conceptual guidelines for designing energy-efficient buildings for different geographic regions of Serbia. The focus is on climate-appropriate design of building envelopes. To adress sustainability, economical, environmental and social aspects are evaluated. The body is divided into three main chapters: traditional houses, the existing housing stock, and design patterns for future buildings. The conclusions and the methodology can be applied in the rest of Southeast Europe, since Serbia has a unique position in the middle of the region, covering different geographical areas that spread far out of Serbias borders."

"This book deals with military defeat and national catastrophe, and their implications for society. When the First Balkan War broke out in October 1912, few Ottomans anticipated that it would prove to be a watershed moment for the empire, ending in atrocities, ignominy, national catastrophe, and the loss of its remaining provinces in the Balkans. Defeat at the hands of an alliance of Balkan states comprising Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro created deep national trauma and led to bitter soul-searching, giving rise to a so-called culture of defeat in which condemnation, exclusion of the non-Muslim minorities, criticism over the project of Ottomanism, and calls for national rejuvenation prevailed in a way clearly at odds with the reformist discourse which followed the young turk revolution of 1908. This book discusses some of the different visual and written products of the defeat, published in Ottoman local languages (Turkish, Arabic and Ladino), with the aim of understanding the experience of defeat, how it was perceived, analyzed and commemorated by different sectors in Ottoman society, to show that it is key to understanding the decisions and actions of the Ottoman political elite during the subsequent world war one and the early decades of the Turkish Republic."