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Abstrak :
Pada penelitian kali ini, dilakukan penilaian kelayakan, FFS Assessments, dari sepuluh jalur pipa, delapan di bagian compression section dan dua di flow section. Penilaian kelayakan dilakukan dengan melihat kemampuan pipa yang telah terkorosi dalam menahan tekanan. Data ketebalan yang didapat lewat metode ultrasonic testing akan dibandingkan dengan ketebalan nominal pipa pada desain untuk mendapatkan laju korosi. Dengan laju korosi maka akan dapat diperkirakan sisa usia pakai (remaining useful life, RUL) dari setiap jalur. Serangan korosi akan menyebabkan terjadinya penipisan dinding pipa yang menurunkan kekuatan pipa dalam menahan tekanan. Pipa yang nilai RUL-nya tidak mencapai interval inspeksi berikutnya harus diperiksa kekuatannya. Proses pemeriksaan kekuatan dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak RSTRENG. Laju korosi rata-rata tertinggi terdapat pada jalur PG-0110-XD-20? di flow section (0.760 mmpy). Sementara dari hasil pengukuran nilai RLA masing-masing jalur didapatkan bahwa dua jalur di compression section yaitu PG-0105-D-10? dan PG-0123-D-2? memiliki nilai dibawah expected life (10 tahun). Sementara jalur pada flow section yaitu PG-0021-D-16? juga berada dibawah nilai espected life (1 tahun). Dari ketiga jalur yang memiliki nilai RUL dibawah nilai expected life yang dihitung nilai kekuatannya, didapatkan nilai MAOP dari dua buah jalur yaitu PG-0105-D-10? (922 psig) dan PG-0021-D-16? (924 psig) dibawah tekanan desain 1200 psig. Sementara satu jalur lagi PG-0123-D-2? mendapatkan nilai MAOP 1253 psig. Dari hasil perhitungan MAOP dan analisa ketebalan, maka dua jalur yaitu PG-0105-D-10? dan PG-0021-D-16? disarankan untuk mengalami derating tekanan proses menjadi 922 psig dan 924 psig. Sementara jalur PG-0123-D-2? disarankan untuk mengalami perbaikan total (pergantian komponen). Perhitungan RSTRENG harus dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kondisi profil dari korosi yang terjadi. Persamaan B31G konvensional adalah persamaan yang paling sederhana dan cenderung mengecilkan nilai kekuatan pipa, sementara persamaan 0.85 dL cenderung sejalan dengan effective area, namun terkadang berbeda saat terdapat satu cacat pitting yang jauh lebih dalam disbanding sekitarnya.

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On this research, FFS Assessments were done in ten piping systems, eight in compression section and a pair in flow section. These assessments were carried on by observing corroded pipes abilities in providing enough strength to prevents leakage. The results from thicknesses measurements by UT compared to nominal thickness to get the corrosion rate of every piping system. From those calculated corrosion rate, we could predict the remaining useful life, RUL of each piping systems. For piping system which its calculated RUL is below the interval of next inspection should be checked for it strength by using RTSRENG software. The results of this research told us that the corrosion rate in M2 offshore oil platform were ranged from medium to severe with highest average corrosion rate were occur in flow section PG-0110-XD-20? (0.760 mmpy).From remaining life assessment, it is known that there were three piping system which it calculated remaining life is below the expected life. Two of them are in compression section, PG-0105-D-10? and PG-0123-D-2? and the other one is PG-0021-D-16? which located in flow section. The calculation of those three remaining wall thickness strength which is carried on by RTSRENG software resulted in conclusion that two piping system PG-0105-D-10? (922 psig) and PG-0021-D-16? (924 psig) were inadequate to hold off design pressure of 1200 psig. The other piping system PG-0123-D-2? is predicted having MAOP of 1253 psig. By combining the RSTRENG results and thickness analyses, it is concluded that two lines, PG-0105-D-10? and PG-0021-D-16? should be derated to new pressures which is equal to their RSTRENG MAOP calculation (922 and 924 psig), while the other line PG-0123-D-2? must be replaced. This research also notice that before verifying the results of RSTRENG calculation, one should also take consideration of corrosion profile which occur. The conventional B31G were the simplest and tends to create result which underestimate the strength of pipe, while 0.85 dL result were usually close to the effective area, except when there?s an unique shape where there?s a deep pit with penetration much higher than it surrounding area.

Abstrak :
Summary: This unique textbook examines the basic health and environmental issues associated with air pollution including the relevant toxicology and epidemiology. It provides a foundation for the sampling and analysis of air pollutants as well as an understanding of international air quality regulations

Abstrak :
La condition de business courant est /refs concurrentielle duns presque toes les sec/eur:s, y compris la construction. Quand 1es nomhres de concurren/s augmentent el part du marche dirninue, la diversification de business est une des solutions prevues pour une situation concurrent/elle. Creer un nouveau business division a exige non seulement la bonne volonte, mais aussi la preparation. Investissement sur d'egtripenent, preparation des ressources humaines, transfert de la connaissance, la connaissances des comportment des clients, situation polilique et beaucoup plus le besoin d'etre evalue plus loin. L'analyse de SWOT es-1 un bon debut pour une nouvelle evaluation de business. Des strategies choisies peuvent titre derivees de cette analyse de SWOT Bien que qualitative approcher les jeux un rule tres dominant clans l'evalualion, objectivites devrait titre marntenu afrn d'obtenir un resultat approprie. L'evaluation est non seulement des activites de vente, mais egalement des finances, d'operation, et de vue de ressources humaines. L 'evaluation de la condition externe et interne est essentielle pour assurer que le nouveau business division est clans la vole correct ou d'ajustemenl des bonnes actions cr prendre afrn de reussir le nouveaux business unit. L'evaluation de la situation externe et interne est egalement un processus continu puisque la condition change de temps en temps et elk exige toujours des ajustements.

Abstrak :
Many aspects of disaster risk management, such as for earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, avalanches and mudslides call for similar prevention and preparedness instruments, management concepts, and countermeasures. This textbook assumes the viewpoint of a regional disaster risk manager who is responsible for a certain area, and for making the lives of the people who live there safer, regardless of the type of natural disaster that may occur. The same holds true for boosting preparedness and awareness in the population at risk. The book includes numerous examples of hazard mitigation concepts and techniques, as well as ways of intensively involving the local population in prevention schemes at an early stage. Furthermore, this textbook provides an in-depth examination of the function of risk communication, both as an instrument for official information dissemination and as a function of public media. To close, a chapter on risk splitting offers insights into insurance-based models for risk financing.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami bagaimana ibu rumah tangga kelas menengah di Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi) memberikan pemaknaan terhadap karir politik Megawati Soekamoputri sebagai presiden perempuan pertama di Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe ibu rumah tangga kelas menengah gang mempunyai pemaknaan dominan, negosiasi, ataupun oposisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kritis dan perspektif feminis dan kerangka kajian budaya (cultural studies) terutama pemikiran Stuart Hall mengenai encoding dan decoding. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dengan informan ibu rumah tangga yang berasal dari kelas menengah di wilayah Jabotabek. Penentuan karakteristik informan mengikuti kriteria Spradley (1997: 6), sedangkan pemilihannya mengikuti prosedur non random (Jensen 2002:238-239). Kualitas penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria Creswell (Poerwandari 2001: 102-106). Pengorganisasian data menggunakan analytical framework approach (Palton 2002: 431-534) dan analisis data dilakukan melalui thematic coding (Jensen 2002: 251). Data sekunder diperoleh melalui analisis wacana media van Dijk yang menjelaskan produksi teks oleh individu alau kelompok pembuat teks. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa resistensi perempuan kelas menengah di Jabotabek terhadap ideologi gender dominan. yaitu patriarkisme, masih lemah.

Abstrak :
This volume contains the proceedings of the XIX International Colloquium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals, held at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal, 5-7 September 2018. This International Colloquium facilitated and encouraged the exchange of knowledge and experiences among the different communities involved in both basic and applied research in the field of the fatigue of metals, looking at the problem of fatigue exploring analytical and numerical simulative approaches. Fatigue damage represents one of the most important types of damage to which structural materials are subjected in normal industrial services that can finally result in a sudden and unexpected abrupt fracture. Since metal alloys are still today the most used materials in designing the majority of components and structures able to carry the highest service loads, the study of the different aspects of metals fatigue attracts permanent attention of scientists, engineers and designers.