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ABTSTRAK
Most pevious scholarship about the civil service examination system in imperial china has emphasized the degree of social mobility such examinations premitted in a premodern society. In the same vein, historians have evaluated the examination process in late imperial China from the perpective of the modernization process in modern Europe and the US

Abstrak :
The author provides a study on the rise of China and its effective yet controversial model of development. China's rise, according to the author, is not the rise of an ordinary country, but the rise of a different type of country: a country sui generis, a civilizational state. This Chinese best-seller is a geopolitical book for our times. It provides an original, comprehensive &​ engrossing study on the rise of China &​ its effective yet controversial model of development, &​ has become a centrepiece of an unfolding debate within China on the nature &​ future of the world's most populous nation &​ its possible global impact.

Abstrak :
The Zheng family of merchants and militarists emerged from the tumultuous seventeenth century amid a severe economic depression, a harrowing dynastic transition from the ethnic Chinese Ming to the Manchu Qing, and the first wave of European expansion into East Asia. Under four generations of leaders over six decades, the Zheng had come to dominate trade across the China Seas. Their average annual earnings matched, and at times exceeded, those of their fiercest rivals: the Dutch East India Company. Although nominally loyal to the Ming in its doomed struggle against the Manchus, the Zheng eventually forged an autonomous territorial state based on Taiwan with the potential to encompass the family's entire economic sphere of influence. Through the story of the Zheng, Xing Hang provides a fresh perspective on the economic divergence of early modern China from western Europe, its twenty-first-century resurgence, and the meaning of a Chinese identity outside China.