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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas bentuk persaingan Amerika Serikat (AS) dan China dalam memperoleh akses energi di Asia Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini meyimpulkan bahwa AS dan China menganggap Asia Tengah sebagai kawasan dengan nilai geostrategis dan geo-ekonomi yang menguntungkan di masa depan. Terdapat perbedaan strategi dan diplomasi antara AS dan China dalam menjalin hubungan dengan Asia Tengah. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini juga menjelaskan persaingan energi yang masih akan terus berlangsung dengan membawa kepentingankepentingan diluar bidang energi untuk saling melemahkan pihak lawan sesuai dengan kebijakan nasional.

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Abstract
The focus of this study is about the form of rivalry between United States (US) and China in acquiring energy access in Central Asia. This research use a quantitative study with method of literary study. The purpose of this research is to understand why US and China made a foreign policy towards Central Asia. This study summarize that US and China consider Central Asia as a region with geo-strategic and geo-economic value that will bring benefits in the future. There are differences of strategy and diplomacy between US and China in establish a relationship with Central Asia. The findings of this study also describes about energy competition will be continued as long as US and China have national interest in Central Asia. US and China have a hidden agenda to block each other in order to control Central Asia and inhibits the opposing side

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Abstract
The focus of this study is about the form of rivalry between United States (US) and China in acquiring energy access in Central Asia. This research use a quantitative study with method of literary study. The purpose of this research is to understand why US and China made a foreign policy towards Central Asia. This study summarize that US and China consider Central Asia as a region with geo-strategic and geo-economic value that will bring benefits in the future. There are differences of strategy and diplomacy between US and China in establish a relationship with Central Asia. The findings of this study also describes about energy competition will be continued as long as US and China have national interest in Central Asia. US and China have a hidden agenda to block each other in order to control Central Asia and inhibits the opposing side

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pasca runtuhnya Uni Soviet, Asia Tengah menjadi kawasan yang mendapat banyak perhatian dari dunia internasional. Asia Tengah yang termasuk dalam ?near abroad? merupakan kawasan yang selalu menjadi prioritas utama kebijakan luar negeri Rusia. Oleh karena itu, munculnya negara-negara baru di Asia Tengah yang disertai dengan hadirnya kekuatan eksternal lain di kawasan menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi Rusia sebagai suksesor Uni Soviet. Hadirnya kekuatan eksternal lain seperti Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat, dan Uni Eropa ditambah adanya beragam reaksi dari negara-negara Asia Tengah membuat Rusia harus bersaing agar tidak kehilangan Sphere of Influence nya di Asia Tengah

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ABSTRACT
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has become a region that gets many attentions from all over the world. Central Asia that has been included in the so-called ?near abroad?, has always become a priority region for the Russian Federation?s Foreign Policy. Therefore, the independence of new states in Central Asia and the active role of other external powers in the region become challenges for Russia. The active role of China, United States, and European Union as the external powers and various responds from the Central Asian countries makes Russia has to compete so that Russia will not lose her Sphere of Influence in the region

Abstrak :
Artikel ini membahas mengenai bagaimana implementasi dari konstitusi Kirgizstan terhadap bahasa Rusia sebagai bahasa resmi di dalam institusi negara. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan memahami implementasi politik bahasa Republik Kirgizstan terhadap penggunaan Bahasa Rusia di negara Kirgizstan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis tekstual. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori politik bahasa. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa meskipun pemerintah Kirgizstan telah menempatkan Bahasa Rusia sebagai bahasa resmi (ofitsialniy yazyk) tetapi pada praktiknya didapatkan adanya upaya-upaya untuk mengurangi peran bahasa Rusia sebagai bahasa resmi negara. ......This article discusses how the Kyrgyzstan constitution implements Russian as an official language in state institutions. The purpose of this writing is to analyze and understand the implementation of the language policy of the Kyrgyz Republic on the use of Russian in Kyrgyzstan. The method used in this research is the textual analysis method. The theory used in this research is the political theory of language. The results of this research show that even though the Kyrgyz government has placed Russian as the official language (ofitsialniy yazyk), in practice there have been efforts to reduce the role of Russian as the state's official language.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Berakhirnya Perang Dingin memunculkan dinamika baru di Asia Tengah. Runtuhnya Uni Soviet menjadikan kawasan ini sebagai arena yang melanggengkan masuknya proyeksi kepentingan, khususnya aktor ekstrakawasan. Dalam hal ini, kebangkitan Rusia menyasar Asia Tengah sebagai objek dominasi sambil berupaya mengikat Asia Tengah ke dalam bagian sphere of influence-nya. Sementara itu, Uzbekistan sebagai negara yang ingin mendobrak dominasi Rusia justru ingin menjadi hegemoni kawasan dengan mencari jalan tengah antara mengakomodasi Rusia sambil tetap menjalin hubungan dengan aktor lain, seperti Amerika Serikat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membahas langkah dan alasan perilaku hedging Uzbekistan sebagai bentuk respon dari dinamika kepentingan great powers.

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ABSTRACT
The end of Cold War generates new dynamics in Central Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union makes this region an arena that perpetuates the inclusion of states interests. Moreover, the rising Russia is targeting the region as an object of domination while trying to bind Central Asia into its sphere of influence. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan, which wants to break the Russian domination and be a regional hegemony concurrently, seeks for alternatives that not only engaging Russia, but also creating relations with others, such as United States. Therefore, this study will discuss the strategy and reason behind Uzbekistan?s hedging as states behavior towards great powers.

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami pandangan akademis terkait kondisi dan perkembangan regionalisme keamanan di Asia Tengah pasca-Perang Dingin. Literatur-literatur yang ditinjau terorganisasi dalam lima periodisasi, yakni 1991-1997, 1997-2001, 2001-2004, 2004-2011, dan 2011-2016. Sejak berakhirnya Perang Dingin, negara-negara internal kawasan harus mengelola keamanan regional secara mandiri. Regionalisme keamanan dianggap sebagai solusi yang memungkinkan atas isu-isu keamanan di kawasan tersebut. Meski demikian, para cendekiawan menganggap perkembangan regionalisme keamanan di Asia Tengah terhambat bahkan hingga saat ini. Penyebabnya berasal dari negara-negara internal dan eksternal kawasan. Di satu sisi, negara-negara internal memprioritaskan hubungan bilateral dan pemenuhan kepentingan domestik daripada integrasi regional. Di sisi lain, kuatnya kepentingan dan pengaruh aktor-aktor eksternal mdash;mulai dari Rusia, Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat, hingga beberapa organisasi multilateral mdash;semakin menghalangi penguatan regionalisme keamanan. Potensi persaingan antarnegara eksternal juga menambah kerumitan karena negara-negara internal masih akan memihak pada Rusia demi menjaga status quo kawasan dan keamanan masing-masing. Akibatnya, regionalisme keamanan cenderung semakin tersisihkan dari agenda keamanan kawasan. ...... This paper aims to understand the academic views regarding the condition and development of security regionalism in the post Cold War Central Asia. The reviewed literature is organized into five periodizations, which are 1991 1997, 1997 2001, 2001 2004, 2004 2011, and 2011 2016. Since the end of the Cold War, the region rsquo s internal states have to manage their regional security independently. Security regionalism was seen as a possible solution for the security issues in the region. However, scholars have perceived that the development of security regionalism in Central Asia is hindered even until now. The causes were rooted from the internal and external states. On one hand, internal states have been prioritizing on bilateral relations and the fulfillment of domestic interests instead of regional integration. On the other hand, strong influence and interests of external actors mdash namely Russia, China, United States, and some multilateral organizations mdash further impede the reinforcement of security regionalism. The likelihood of rivalries between external states also heightens the complexity because internal states will still side with Russia in order to maintain the region rsquo s status quo and their own security. As a consequence, the security regionalism gets even more sidelined from the region rsquo s security agenda.