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"The objectives of study were to determine total phenolic,flavonoid and tannin contents and the antioxidant activities examination of xylocarpus granatum seed by vitro assay...."

"Tomato (Solanum lycopersycum L.) that the fruit mainly contained lycopene, beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E indECated that the fruit had antioxidant activity. These compound were known able to prevent and retention of free radECal forming whECh can cause aging and chronEC disease. This research, tomato with different concentration 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% were formulated in cream. PhysECal stability test including the storage at three different temperatures including cool temperature (4oC), room temperature, and high temperature (40+2oC), mechanECal test, and cycling test. Measurement of antioxidant activity tomato cream that using DPPH method pursuant to value of DPPH retention (EC50). This research resulted that shown tomato cream 0,5% 1%, 2%, and 3% have physECal stability with storage at cool temperature (4oC), room temperature, and high temperature (40+2oC). Tomato cream 1%, 2%, and 3% reach minimum value of retention DPPH (EC50) but tomato cream 0,5% not reach minimum value of retention DPPH (EC50). Cream tomato 1% have the best physECal stability and cream tomato extract 3% have the best antioxidant activity."

"Tomato (Solanum lycopersycum L.) that the fruit mainly contained lycopene, beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E indECated that the fruit had antioxidant activity. These compound were known able to prevent and retention of free radECal forming whECh can cause aging and chronEC disease. This research, tomato with different concentration 0,5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% were formulated in cream. PhysECal stability test including the storage at three different temperatures including cool temperature (4°C), room temperature, and high temperature (40+2°C), mechanECal test, and cycling test. Measurement of antioxidant activity tomato cream that using DPPH method pursuant to value of DPPH retention (EC50). This research resulted that shown tomato cream 0,5% 1%, 2%, and 3% have physECal stability with storage at cool temperature (4oC), room temperature, and high temperature (40+2°C). Tomato cream 1%, 2%, and 3% reach minimum value of retention DPPH (EC50) but tomato cream 0,5% not reach minimum value of retention DPPH (EC50). Cream tomato 1% have the best physECal stability and cream tomato extract 3% have the best antioxidant activity."

"Kapang endofit diketahui mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunderyang beraktivitas biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh isolat kapangendofit dari akar, daun Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. serta batang Garciniacelebica L. kemudian menguji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak hasil fermentasidan supernatannya. Dari 23 isolat kapang endofit yang berhasil diisolasi, 10isolat yang berbeda secara makroskopik diambil untuk difermentasimenggunakan medium PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) dan PDY (PotatoDextrose Yeast). Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metodeDPPH (1,1,-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Dari uji pendahuluan, didapat 2 isolatyang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan hasil pengujian denganspektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat D1N2 (n-BuOH, PDY) memilikiaktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 41,61 μg/mL, sedangIC50 vitamin C adalah 3,6 μg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat dikatakanbahwa isolat D1N2 (n-BuOH, PDY) memiliki aktivitas yang baik sebagaiantioksidan. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah kapang endofit dari akar dandaun Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan."

"Sekarang telah banyak beredar produk herbal daun sirsak yang menyatakan klaimnya sebagai terapi antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan, sebagai salah satu mekanisme antikanker, dari produk herbal daun sirsak dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap sampel ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dan tiga produk herbal daun sirsak menggunakan metode DPPH, serta pengujian fitokonstituen tanin di dalam tiap sampel. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak lebih baik dibandingkan produk herbal. Hasil tersebut terkait dengan kadar tanin yang lebih tinggi pada ekstrak daun sirsak dan kadar ekstrak daun sirsak di dalam tiap produk sampel.

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Now many herbs products of soursop leaves claim their products as anticancer therapy. This research?s purpose is to test the antioxidant activity, as one of the anticancer mechanism, of those herbs products of soursop leaves compared with ethanol extract of soursop leaves. Research samples are ethanol extract of soursop leaves and three products of soursop leaves, also tannin of every samples. Results show antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soursop leaves is higher than herbs products. These are related to higher tannin level in ethanol extract of soursop leaves and level of soursop leaves extract in every herbs products."

"Radikal bebas merupakan molekul tidak stabil yang sangat reaktif dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Peningkatan kadar radikal bebas dalam tubuh akan menyebabkan penurunan kemampuan antioksidan endogen. Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica secara tunggal diketahui memiliki efek antioksidan. Penelitian ini dikombinasi untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol campuran simplisia Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica dibandingkan dengan ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica secara tunggal. Komponen yang diteliti adalah akar Acalypya indica dan daun Centella asiatica. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode DPPH. Kandungan fitokimia pada ekstrak diuji secara kualitatif. Hasil pengukuran nilai EC50 pada ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica dengan ekstrak etanol campuran simplisia Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica masing-masing didapatkan 13,68 mg/mL dan 18,44 mg/mL. Sedangkan nilai EC50 vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif sebesar 0,022 mg/mL. Hasil uji kualitatif pada ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica maupun ekstrak-etanol campuran simplisia Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica menunjukkan hasil positif pada steroid dan flavonoid. Nilai EC50 menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, semakin kecil nilainya semakin tinggi aktivitas antioksidannya. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak-etanol campuran simplisia Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica.

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Free radicals are reactive moleculs which can cause oxidative stress and trigger degenerative disease. Increased level of free radicals in the body will decrease endogenous antioxidant ability. Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica are known have antioxindant effects. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanolic-extract Acalypha indica combined with Centella asiatica and compared with ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica. The antioxidant activity was determined by using spectrophotometer. The evaluation of phytochemical content in the extract can be tested qualitatively.

The results showed that EC50 from ethanolic-extract of Acalypha indica and ethanolic-extracts mixture of raw materials Acalypha indica with Centella asiatica are 13,68 mg/mL and 18,44 mg/mL. While EC50 of vitamin C as positive control is 0,022 mg/mL. The result of the qualitative test on ethanolic- extract of Acalypha indica and ethanolic extracts mixture of raw materials Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica have showed positive result on steroids and flavonoids. The value of EC50 show the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Acalypha indica is higher than ethanolic- extracts mixture of raw materials Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica."

"Radikal bebas, dalam kadar rendah atau menengah, mempunyai peran fisiologis bagi kehidupan sel tubuh. Pada konsentrasi tinggi, radikal-bebas dapat memicu stres oksidatif yang menjadi dasar patogenesis berbagai penyakit. Suplai antioksidan eksogen dibutuhkan untuk membantu kinerja antioksidan endogen dalam menangkal stres oksidatif. Ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica masing-masing diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan aktivitas antioksidan campuran ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica terhadap ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica. Kombinasi ekstrak diharapkan mampu meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan yang dihasilkan dan menurunkan dosis yang digunakan. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak diukur dengan metode spektrofotometri melalui uji DPPH. Kandungan fitokimia ekstrak juga diuji secara kualitatif. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica maupun campuran ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica positif mengandung fitokimia berupa flavonoid dan steroid. Hasil pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa Vitamin C yang menjadi kontrol positif menunjukkan nilai EC50 sebesar 0,012 mg/mL. Nilai EC50 ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica adalah 13,68 mg/mL, sedangkan nilai EC50 campuran ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica adalah 39,65 mg/mL. Nilai EC50 yang lebih kecil mengindikasikan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi. Dengan demikian, aktivitas antioksidan campuran ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ekstrak-etanol Acalypha indica.

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In low or moderate concentration, free-radicals have physiological role for cellular functions. Excessive production of free-radicals may induce oxidative stress, which is the pathogenesis basis of many diseases. Exogenous antioxidants supply is needed to support the function of endogenous antioxidants in preventing oxidative stress. The ethanolic-extract of Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica possess antioxidant activity. This study was managed to know the antioxidant activity of ethanolic-extract mixture of Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica in comparison with ethanolic-extract of Acalypha indica. The combination of extract was expected to improve the antioxidant activity and to reduce the dosage. The DPPH assay test with spectrophotometry was performed to measure the antioxidant activity. This study involved qualitative examination of phytochemical content in the extracts. In the qualitative-examination, both the extracts had flavonoids and steroids. Vitamin C as the positive control exhibited EC50 value as much as 0.012 mg/mL. The EC50 score of the ethanolic-extract mixture was 13.68 mg/mL, while the ethanolic-extract of Acalypha indica’s was 39.65 mg/mL. The lower EC50 score indicates the higher antioxidant activity. Thus, the ethanolic-extract mixture of Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica has lower antioxidant activity compared to the ethanolic-extract of Acalypha indica."

"Selenium merupakan mikronutien yang penting dibutuhkan tubuh bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, dan banyak digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan. Selenium diperlukan untuk mencegah kerusakan sel dalam tubuh dengan cara melindungi sel-sel jaringan tubuh, menangkal radikal bebas dan bersama-sama dengan vitamin E sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian sebelumnya dilakukan di Laboratorim Biologi LIPI Cibinong, penambahan selenium pada media tanam P. ostreatus sebanyak 25 ppm menghasilkan peningkatan kandungan selenium pada tubuh buah tetapi masih jauh dari kebutuhan tubuh manusia 60 mdash;70 g/hari pada orang dewasa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis penambahkan senyawa selenium ke dalam media tanam P. ostreatus sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan kandungan selenium dalam tubuh buah jamur, dan menganalisis apakah penambahan selenium dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan pada tubuh buah jamur. Penambahan konsentrasi selenium pada media tanam menggunakan beberapa konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 0, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian untuk melihat hasil produktivitas yaitu dengan menganalisis berat basah, panjang tangkai, diameter tudung, dan untuk menganalisis kandungan selenium pada tubuh buah yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik spektrofotometer serapan atom AAS. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan yaitu dengan metode ?-carotene bleaching BCB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas P. ostreatus mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan penambahan konsentrasi berbeda pada media tanam, dianalisis pada hasil berat besar tertinggi tubuh buah diperoleh dengan berat 80,00 6,35 g, diameter tertinggi tubuh buah diperoleh sebesar 10,56 0,43 cm, kandungan selenium pada tubuh buah P. ostreatus mengalami peningkatan setiap penambahan konsentrasi selenium semakin tinggi 100 ppm yaitu sebesar 22,19 ppm, dan nilai aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi setelah penambahan Se pada media tanam yaitu pada perlakuan penambahan Se 50 ppm yaitu sebesar 2,13 0,77 p

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Selenium is an essential micronutrient which is needed for the body growth and development, and is much used in the health care. Selenium prevents cells damage in the body by protecting the tissues work together with vitamin E as the antioxidant to counteract free radicals. The previous research was conducted in Biology Laboratory of LIPI Cibinong, showed an increase of selenium level in P. ostreatus fruit body after 25 ppm selenium addition in its cultivation medium, but it was still inadequate for human body needs, particularly in adults 60 mdash 70 mg day.

The aim of the study was analysis of selenium compound addition into the P. ostreatus culture medium could increase selenium levels, the productivity and antioxidant activity in mushrooms fruit bodies. The addition of selenium concentration in the growing media applied some different concentrations, namely 0, 50, 75 and 100 ppm.

The method applied in this research was finding out the productivity by analyzing wet weight, stem length, cup diameter, and selenium content in the fruit body by applying atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique AAS . To analyze antioxidant activity, however, was to apply carotene bleaching BCB.

The results showed that the productivity of pleurotus ostreatus increased after conducting some additions of different concentrations on the growing media, which was analyzed as a result of the highest heavy weight of fuit body which was obtained as much as 80,00 6,35 g, the highest diameter of fruit body was obtained as much as 10,56 0,43 cm, the content of selenium in the fruit body of pleurotus ostreatus increased more 100 ppm, namely as much as 22,19 ppm, and the highest value of antioxidant activity after adding selenium on the growing media, as well as additional treatment of 50 ppm selenium, namely as much as 2,13 0,77 p"

"Aktivitas kemoprevensi ekstrak temu mangga ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode bilangan peroksida dan aktivitas glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pada medium kultur dan sel lisat (aktivitas GST total) sel Chang.Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi, yang disebabkan oleh senyawa fenolik. Pemberian fraksi 4 dan fraksi 7 pada medium kultur sel Chang menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas GST. Aktivitas GST total (GST sitosol dan GST mikrosomal) mengalami peningkatan ketika H2O2 dan Fe+2 diberikan ke dalam medium sel Chang. Penurunan aktivitas GST total terjadi ketika pada medium sel Chang diberikan tambahan fraksi 4 dan fraksi 7 ekstrak etanol dibandingkan dengan yang hanya diberikan H2O2 dan Fe+2.

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Chemoprevention Activity of Temu Mangga Extracts. The chemoprevention activity of temu mangga extracts was investigated by determination of antioxidant activity with a peroxidation number method and gluthatione-S-transferase (GST) activity in Chang medium culture and cell lysate (total GST activity).The results indicated that ethanol extract has a strong antioxidant activity. It is caused by the phenolic group in the ethanol extract. Treatment Chang cell culture with 7th and 4th ethanol fractions increased the GST activity when compared to the control. The total GST activity (cytosolic and microsomal) increased when Chang cell culture was treated with H2O2/Fe+2. The decrease of the total GST activity was observed when 7th and 4th ethanol fractions were supplemented with H2O2/Fe+2 compared to the cell culture receiving H2O2/Fe+2 only."

"ABSTRAKLight-Emitting Diode (LED) lights allow specific wavelengths to be selected. These may be associated with microgreen growth, nitrate accumulation, and synthesis of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of LED irradiance on the yield, antioxidant production, and antioxidant capacity of microgreens from five traditional vegetables: rat-tailed radish (Raphanus sativus Linn var. caudatus Ale.), water convolvulus (Ipomoea aguatica Forsk), red holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), and lemon basil (O. africanum Lour). Samples were grown on a peat substrate in a controlled environment ( 8-12 days from sowing to harvesting, 25+2 ºC and 16-h photoperiod, 0.05% CO2 concentration, and 60+2% RHs). Light irradiance levels of 330, 220, and 110 µmol.m-2. s-1 photosynthetically active flux density (PPFD) were compared, with fluorescence lighting as control. The different species showed different responses to irradiance levels. Irradiance at 330 µmol.m-2.s-1 PPFD was found to be optimal for growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds by water convolvulus, red holy basil, dill, and lemon basil microgreens, producing the greatest dry weight, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging. Rat-tailed radish microgreen was not significantly responsive to the irradiance level. We recommend the use of LED lighting to enhance productivity and promote higher production of bioactive compounds in indigenous vegetable microgreen cultivation."