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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Setiap tahun permintaan atas minyak bumi terus mengalami peningkatan, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut maka diperlukan eksplorasi secara mendalam untuk ditemukannya sumber minyak baru terutama di daerah cekungan Sumatera Tengah. Cekungan ini merupakan salah satu cekungan penghasil minyak bumi terbesar di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan penggunaan metode AVO dan atribut quality factor untuk melakukan identifikasi fluida reservoir. Secara teori respon amplitudo terhadap sudut datang mengalami penguatan apabila lapisan tersebut tersaturasi hidrokarbon, sedangkan gelombang seismik mengalami atenuasi intrinsik apabila melewati lapisan yang tersaturasi hdirokarbon. Kombinasi dari kedua metode dengan dikontrol oleh data sumur berhasil mengidentifikasikan keberadaan zona hidrokarbon pada lapangan ‘X’ di cekungan Sumatera Tengah. Berdasarkan hasil pengeboran yang telah dilakukan pada daerah penelitian, digunakan empat sumur berupa KPN-1 dengan status dry hole, OSM, PTN, dan KSKN-1 dengan status produksi. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan zona hidrokarbon yang mengalami penguatan amplitudo terhadap sudut datang pada formasi target dengan metode AVO serta anomali ini berada pada kelas anomali II. Untuk memperkuat dugaan keberadaan hidrokarbon, digunakan metode atribut quality factor yang memanfaatkan efek atenuasi pada gelombang seismik. Dari hasil yang diperoleh oleh atribut quality factor menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara respon anomali dengan nilai saturasi hidrokarbon. Selain itu, nilai Q parameter yang diperoleh dapat digunakan untuk karakterisasi reservoir.

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ABSTRACT
In each year demand on hydrocarbon increasingly, to satisfy that demand needed more advance exploration to discover new hydrocarbon resources especially in Central Sumatera Basin. This basin one of the biggest hydrocarbon accumulation in Indonesia. Therefore, to discover hydrocarbon accumulation, In this research using AVO method and quality factor attribute to identifying reservoir fluid. Based on theory, amplitude response increasingly with incident angle if the layer saturated by hydrocarbon while seismic wave will be getting intrinsic attenuation when propagation in the layer saturated by hydrocarbon. Combine that methods with controlled by well data successfull to identifying hydrocarbon zone in ‘X’ field at Central Sumatera Basin. The result of drilling on research area using four well such as KPN-1 showing dry hole status, OSM, PTN, and KSKN-1 showing production status. Based on research result, amplitude increasingly with incident angle using AVO method, it means that finding that hydrocarbone zones occur in target formation with II AVO anomaly class. Confirm that result, using quality factor attribute which utilizing seismic wave attenuation. The result showing that anomaly responses and hydrocarbone saturation relationship. In additional, Q parameter value which has been obtained can be used to reservoir characterization.

Abstrak :
Dalam dunia eksplorasi, analisis AVO digunakan untuk mengetahui keberadaan gas pada suatu zona target eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi. Analisis tersebut didukung dengan inversi simultan dalam mengidentifikasi fluida dan litologi reservoir. Kedua analisis tersebut diterapkan pada penelitian ini dimana wilayah penelitian ini terletak pada lapangan R - Jambi Formasi Gumai dengan dominasi batu pasir dan batu lempung. Hasil analisis AVO ditemukan anomali AVO kelas IIP pada sumur A yang berada pada time 700-730 ms dan anomali AVO kelas III pada sumur C yang berada pada time 800-830 ms. Dari inversi simultan didapatkan atribut angle stack, impedansi akustik, impedansi elastis dan densitas, yang menunjukkan respon amplitudo yang berbeda pada setiap atribut di lapisan. Analisis inversi simultan dilakukan pada partial angle stack, yaitu near angle stack (3° - 15°), mid angle stack (15° - 27°), dan far angle stack (27° - 39°). Inversi simultan dilakukan untuk identifikasi reservoar batupasir menggunakan parameter impedansi S dengan range nilai (4500 - 5000 m/s) dan densitas dengan range nilai (2.0 - 2.5 g/cc). Sedangkan, parameter impedansi P dengan range nilai (8500-9000 m/s) dan VpVs ratio dengan range nilai (1,67 - 1,86 unitless) digunakan untuk identifikasi fluida dan litologi reservoir. Besar nilai VpVs ratio yang rendah menunjukkan bahwa pada zona target eksplorasi terdapat gas.

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In the world of exploration, AVO analysis is applied to determine the presence of gas in a target zone of oil and gas exploration. The analysis is supported by simultaneous inversion in identifying fluid and lithology of the reservoir. Both of the analysis are applied in this study to identify the bright-spot as an indication of sandstone reservoir which is contained gases. This field of study lies on the field of R - Jambi Gumai formation with domination of sandstone and shale. AVO analysis results found AVO anomaly class of IIP at well A which is located on 700-730 ms and AVO anomaly class of III at well C which is located on 800-830 ms. From simultaneous inversion, it is obtained angle stack attributes, acoustic impedance, elastic impedance and density, which shows the different of amplitude response on each attribute in a layer. Simultaneous inversion are performed on partial angle stack, which are near angle stack (3° - 15°), mid angle stack (15° - 27°), and far angle stack (27° - 39°). Simultaneous Inversion is performed to identify the sandstone reservoir using S Impedance parameter with value of (4500 - 5000 m/s) and density value of (2.0 - 2.5 g/cc). Meanwhile, PImpedance parameter with value of (8500-9000 m/s) and VpVs ratio with range value of (1.67 - 1.86 unitless) are performed for the identification of reservoir fluid and lithology. Low value of VpVs ratio indicate gases on the exploration target zone.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Lapangan AAA merupakan lapangan gas yang terdapat pada lingkungan Delta Mahakam, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Lapangan AAA merupakan bagian dari lapangan gas dengan produksi terbesar di Indonesia yang telah dieksplorasi dan diproduksi lebih dari 40 tahun. Salah satu tahapan penting setelah proses eksplorasi adalah mengaplikasikan metode karakterisasi reservoar untuk pengembangan lapangan. Karakterisasi reservoar dalam penentuan distribusi lithologi dan fluida sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui daerah berprospek ekonomis yang belum ditembus oleh sumur produksi. Pada penelitian ini karakterisasi reservoar yang digunakan adalah metode Analisa AVO dan Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Analisis AVO mengunakan data prestack 3D gather dan bantuan velocity cube. Data DTS yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdapat pada sumur 3A45, 3A50, dan 3A45. Metode Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) dimulai dengan penentuan sudut Chi (X) pada nilai koeffisien korelasi yang maksimum (mendekati nilai 1) dan analisis crossplot untuk menentukan nilai cut-off indikator lithologi dan indikator fluida pada setiap parameter fisika dari data sumur. Hasil analisis menyebutkan bahwa fluida pada daerah penelitian merupakan AVO kelas III. Indikator lihtologi (reservoar dan non reservoar) dapat dipisahkan dengan parameter Gamma Ray (reservoar bernilai 20 – 60 GAPI) dan Density (reservoar bernilai 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Sedangkan indikator fluida (gas dan water) dapat dipisahkan dengan parameter Lambda-Rho (gas bernilai 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (gas bernilai 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (gas bernilai 1.5 – 2.2), dan Poisson Ratio (gas bernilai 0.16 – 0.35). Hasil inversi Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) pada GTS 3A menyebutkan bahwa inversi Lambda-Rho mempunyai akurasi 78.57% (MFA) dan 85.71% (MFB), inversi Lambda per Mu mempunyai akurasi 50% (MFA) dan 85.71% (MFB), inversi Vp per Vs mempunyai akurasi 71.42% (MFA) dan 71.42% (MFB), Inversi Poisson Ratio mempunyai akurasi sebesar 71.42% (MFA) dan 78.57% (MFB).

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ABSTRACT
AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest production in Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of important steps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for field development. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluid content is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values and not penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells. Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysis and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cube used for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and 3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X) angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plot analysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in each well data parameter. Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithology indicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value of reservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (value of gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas is between 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3A show that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57% accuracy (in MFB).;AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest production in Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of important steps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for field development. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluid content is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values and not penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells. Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysis and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cube used for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and 3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X) angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plot analysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in each well data parameter. Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithology indicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value of reservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (value of gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas is between 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3A show that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57% accuracy (in MFB)., AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest production in Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of important steps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for field development. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluid content is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values and not penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells. Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysis and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cube used for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and 3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X) angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plot analysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in each well data parameter. Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithology indicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value of reservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (value of gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas is between 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3A show that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57% accuracy (in MFB).]