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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mencoba mengidentifikasi pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap produktivitas rumah tangga pertanian melalui beberapa variasi model yang diregresi dengan metode ordinary least square (OLS). Objek yang diobservasi adalah rumah tangga pertanian agri culture household) Indonesia pada tahun 2000. Pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap produksi pertanian akan diamati melalui beberapa variabel yang terdapat dalam fungsi produksi cobb douglas seperti variabel jumlah tenaga kerja, jumlah modal tetap, luas lahan pertanian dan tingkat pendidikan atau lama tahun bersekolah. Sedangkan pe ngukuran produktivitas pertanian yang digunakan adalah nilai rupiah dari produksi total yang dihasilkan dari usaha pertanian (termasuk hasil usaha tani yang dikonsumsi sendiri) sepanjang 12 bulan. Data yang digunakan adalah data cross section dan pengolahan data menggunakan metode ordinary least square (OLS). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa variabel tingkat pendidikan secara signifikan mempengaruhi produktivitas pertanian dalam suatu rumah tangga pertanian.

Abstrak :
This study analyses the extent and nature of female unpaid work in the context of rural households in India. In particular, the study looks at the relationship between land ownership and the extent of domestic duties , performed by females, adjusted by family size, in rural agricultural households. Further, the study considers the role of socioeconomic and socio-religious class and the engagement of women in domestic duties. The study uses the Indian National Sample Survey quinquennial round of ; employment and unemployment survey data for the period 2011-2012. To find out the relationship between various land ownership modalities and domestic duties performed by females, the study makes use of the fractional logit regression model. The empirical result suggests that there is a greater 1 probability of more women workers getting involved in unpaid work as the ' land-ownership size of the household increases. Further, it is seen that the probability that females engaged in unpaid work is greater for those in casual agricultural households with large land cultivated than for those who are in self-employed households. The study finds that the proportion of rural women engaged in domestic duties is 34 per cent, and the majority of them want to work either on a regular or part-time basis (74 per cent) as well as be able to attend to domestic duties. These results suggest that more effective labour market policy, which will encourage women to participate in paid work, is needed. Moreover, family-friendly policies and initiatives that encourage a more equitable sharing of the burden of care and household chores between males and females are required.

Abstrak :
The objective of this study is to assess whether recent marital discussion on family planning is associated with contraceptive use among young couples residing in rural Maharashtra, India. The study methods used involved analysis of baseline data collected from 867 couples participating in the CHARM Family Planning evaluation trial. Participants were surveyed on demographics, contraceptive behaviour, and a six-item scale on marital discussions concerning family planning (including family size and contraceptive use) over the preceding six months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed associations between marital family planning discussions and current modern contraceptive use for birth spacing, adjusting for demographics.

The results revealed that 22.0 per cent of women reported current use of modern contraceptives for birth spacing. Nearly half (46.4 per cent) of women reported 'high marital family planning discussion/ based on a median split dichotomizing the scale as high or low. Women who reported 'high discussion' on family planning compared to those with low discussion' were seven times more likely to use modem contraceptives for birth spacing (45.4 per cent 9.8 per cent; adjusted odds ratio = 7.1, 95 per cent, confidence interval = 4.9 - 10.3). In conclusion, the findings support promotion of marital family planning counselling to improve contraceptive use among young rural married couples.

Abstrak :
Permasalahan tentang kemiskinan memang seringkali berputar di wilayah pedesaan dan didominasi oleh rumah tangga agrikultur. Petani hampir tidak mengumpulkan modal karena skala usaha mereka dan setiap kali panen, upah mereka dari hasil panen digunakan untuk membayar pinjaman untuk fasilitas produksi dan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Sementara, meningkatnya permintaan pangan akibat pertumbuhan penduduk pun tak terhindarkan. Inklusi Keuangan dirasa bisa menjawab pertanyaan ini sebab bisa berperan sebagai penyangga risiko dan mendorong akumulasi modal bagi rumah tangga agrikultur. Untuk mencari tahu lebih lanjut secara empiris pengaruh inklusi Keuangan pada kemiskinan multidimensi dalam kelompok rumah tangga agrikultur, penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif melalui cross tabulation dan statistic inferensial menggunakan IV- probit. Ditemukan bahwa kondisi kemiskinan multidimensi pada rumah tangga agrikultur lebih parah jika dibandingkan rumah tangga non-agrikultur serta penggunaan fasilitas inklusi keuangan seperti kredit dan tabungan pun belum bisa digunakan secara maksimal. Akan tetapi jika inklusi Keuangan dapat ditingkatkan, kemiskinan multidimensi dapat dikurangi secara signifikan. Maka, perlu ada kebijakan yang lebih menyasar pada kebutuhan dan permasalahan setiap daerah yang berbeda-beda. ......The problem of poverty often revolves around rural areas and is dominated by agricultural households. Farmers hardly accumulate capital because of the scale of their business and every harvest, their wages from the harvest are used to repay loans for production facilities and daily needs. Meanwhile, increasing demand for food due to population growth is inevitable. Financial Inclusion can answer this question, as it can act as a risk buffer and encourage capital accumulation for agricultural households. To find out more empirically the effect of Financial Inclusion on multidimensional poverty in agricultural households, this study uses descriptive statistics through cross-tabulation and inferential statistics using IV-probit. It was found that multidimensional poverty in agricultural households is more severe when compared to non-agricultural households and the use of financial inclusion facilities such as credit and savings has not been maximized. However, if financial inclusion can be improved, multidimensional poverty can be reduced significantly. Thus, there needs to be a policy that is more targeted at the needs and problems of each region.