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Abstrak :
Aditif pelumas merupakan komponen utama dari pelumas. Aditif memiliki sifat anti-aus dan tahan pada tekanan tinggi. Pembuatan aditif dilakukan dengan proses sulfurisasi minyak biji kapuk randu dengan gas H2S. Proses sulfurisasi dimodifikasi dengan tambahan metode sirkulasi H2S yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan H2S. Radiasi sinar UV dengan panjang gelombang 254 nm juga digunakan untuk mempercepat proses sulfurisasi. Proses sulfurisasi dinyatakan berhasil karena ada ikatan C-S pada hasil spektrum FTIR di puncak 581,25 cm-1. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasıl kandungan sulfur tertinggi yang didapatkan pada sampel minyak biji kapuk randu tersulfurisasi 20 jam sebesar 32.682 ppm dengan viskositas 72,17 cSt dan densities 0,92 g/cm2. Pengujian performa aditif dilakukan dengan uji four-ball untuk melihat performa ketahanan anti-aus pada aditif. Pengujian performa dilakukan dengan mencampurkan minyak mineral sebagai minyak dasar dan aditif. Hasil uji keausan terbaik terdapat pada formulasi minyak mineral dan 10% aditif tersulfurisasi selama 20 jam yang meningkatkan performa keausan hingga 98% dan memiliki rasio sulfur sebesar 3.268 ppm. Rasio sulfur ini sudah sebanding dengan rasio aditif ZDDP yang umum digunakan sebesar 3.393 ppm. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian korosifitas pada formulasi minyak mineral dan aditif tersulfurisasi selama 20 jam dan dihasilkan bahwa formulasi tersebut sangat rendah terhadap korosi dan aman digunakan pada mesin kendaraan ......Lubricant additives are the main components of lubricants. These additives possess anti-wear properties and can withstand high pressure. The production of additives is carried out through the sulfurization process of kapok seed oil using H2S gas. The sulfurization process is modified with an additional H2S circulation method to enhance the efficiency of H2S usage. UV radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm is also used to accelerate the sulfurization process. The sulfurization process is deemed successful due to the presence of C-S bonds in the FTIR spectrum at the peak of 581.25 cm-1. This is further supported by the highest sulphur content found in the kapok seed oil sample sulfurized for 20 hours, which was 32,682 ppm with a viscosity of 72.17 cSt and a density of 0.92 g/cm2. Performance testing of the additive was also conducted using a four-ball test to evaluate the anti-wear performance of the additive. The performance test was carried out by mixing mineral oil as the base oil and the additive. The best wear test results were obtained from the formulation of mineral oil and 10% additive sulfurized for 20 hours, which improved wear performance by up to 98% and had a sulphur ratio of 3,268 ppm. This sulphur ratio is comparable to the commonly used ZDDP additive ratio of 3,393 ppm. Additionally, a corrosiveness test was conducted on the formulation of mineral oil and the additive sulfurized for 20 hours, and it was found that this formulation is very low in corrosion and safe for use in vehicle engines.

Abstrak :
Pelumas bio 2T dibuat menggunakan Epoxied Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (EFAME) sebagai minyak dasar. EFAME kemudian diformulasikan dengan aditif anti aus dan tekanan ekstrim. Pengujian intensif mengenai output energi, emisi, dan ketahanan aus bagi EFAME tanpa aditif, EFAME terformulasi aditif, serta pelumas mineral komersial dilakukan. Pengujian energi dan emisi menggunakan genset 2T portabel Yamaha, ET 950 dan gas analyzer, sedangkan pengujian ketahanan aus menggunakan mesin pengujian four ball. Hasil menunjukkan EFAME terformulasi aditif menyebabkan output energi setara dengan pelumas mineral komersial sekaligus memiliki ketahanan aus yang jauh lebih, meskipun vikositas EFAME (pada 40°C, 6.7184 cSt dan pada 100°C, 3.0151) lebih rendah daripada pelumas mineral komersial (pada 40°C, 96.2928 cSt dan pada 100°C, 11.0032 ). EFAME tanpa aditif menunjukkan hasil emisi pembakaran yang lebih sempurna dari pelumas mineral komersial, namun penambahan aditif tidak memperbaiki emisi yang dihasilkan EFAME. ......2T Biolubricant was made using Epoxied Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (EFAME) as the base oil. Then EFAME was formulated with anti wear and extreme pressure additives. A comparative study of energy output, emissions and wear resistance was carried out on EFAME with and without additives, and a mineral oil-based commercial lubricant. The energy and emissions test was conducted using a two-stroke gasoline Yamaha portable generator set, ET 950 and gas analyzer, while the wear test using a four ball wear machine. The results showed that EFAME formulated with additives caused an equal energy output and much better wear resistance than mineral oil-based commercial lubricant, even though EFAME's viscosities (at 40°C, 6.7184 cSt and at 100°C, 3.0151 cSt) is lower than mineral oil-based commercial lubricant (at 40°C, 96.2928 cSt and at 100°C, 11.0032 cSt). EFAME without additives proved to have better combustion emissions than mineral oil-based commercial lubricant, but additives proved not to repair EFAME'S emission level.