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Abstrak :
Pendahuluan : Pembedahan laparoskopik abdomen memerlukan anestesia yang dalam dan relaksasi otot yang maksimal untuk memperbaiki lapang pandang pembedahan dan menurunkan angka komplikasi pascabedah. Pemberian dosis tinggi rokuronium dan sevofluran terkadang tidak terhindarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian magnesium sulfat sebagai adjuvan akan menurunkan konsumsi sevofluran dan rokuronium pada bedah laparoskopik abdomen. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi acak tersamar ganda yang mengikutsertakan 42 pasien yang menjalani laparoskopik bedah abdomen. Sampel dilakukan pengkelompokan dengan metode acak tersamar ganda, rasio 1:1, kedalam dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah kelompok yang mendapatkan magnesium sulfat 10% (A) sebanyak 25 mg/kgbb bolus dalam 30 menit dilanjutkan dengan 10 mg/kgbb/jam selama intrabedah. Kelompok kedua adalah kelompok plasebo (B) yang diberikan volume yang sama NaCl 0,9%. Sevofluran diberikan selama tindakan anestesi untuk mempertahankan nilai BIS 40-60. Rokuronium tambahan diberikan jika nilai TOF Count ≥1. Kedua kelompok kemudian akan dinilai konsumsi sevofluran dan rokuronium selama tindakan sebagai tujuan utama dan dilakukan penilaian rerata tekanan arteri, nadi dan waktu ekstubasi sebagai tujuan tambahan.  Hasil : Konsumsi sevofluran secara signifikan lebih rendah pada kelompok magnesium (A) dibandingan dengan kelompok plasebo (B) [9.57(±2,79) VS 12.35 (±4,95) ml/jam] dengan p value  = 0.031. Konsumsi rokuronium juga secara signifikan lebih rendah pada kelompok magnesium (A) dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (B). [0.36(±0.09) VS 0,47(±0,16) mg/kgbb/jam] dengan p value 0.01. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan tekanan rerata arteri pasca-insuflasi, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan signifikan nadi maupun waktu ekstubasi. Kesimpulan : Pemberian magnesium sulfat sebagai adjuvan anestesi umum dapat menurunkan konsumsi sevofluran dan rokuronium pada bedah laparoskopik abdomen. ......Background: Deep anesthesia and neuromuscular relaxation are needed in laparoscopic abdominal surgery to reduce possibility of postoperative complication and improve surgeon satisfaction. High dose of rocuronium and sevoflurane might be needed. This study aimed to investigate administration magnesium sulfate as adjuvant would reduce rocuronium and sevoflurane consumption in patient who went laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods: This study was a double blind randomized controlled trial involving 42 patient who underwent abdominal laparoscopic surgery. Subject were blindly randomized into two groups at a 1:1 ratio. First group received magnesium sulfat as A groups (loading dose 25 mg.kg-1 over 30 minutes and followed by 10 mg.kg-1.hr-1) during surgery and second group was B group was administered the same volume of NaCl 0.9%. Sevoflurane was administered to maintain anesthesia depth within BIS range 40-60. Supplementary of rocuronium intraoperative was given if TOF Count reached ≥ 1. All group was assessed for sevoflurane and rocuronium consumption as primary outcome. Both groups mean arterial pressure, heart rate and time of extubation also assessed as secondary outcome. Result: Consumption of sevoflurane significantly lower in magnesium group [9.57(±2,79) VS 12.35 (±4,95) ml.hr-1] with p value  = 0.031. Consumption of rocuronium is also significantly lower in A groups than in B groups [0.36(±0.09) VS 0,47(±0,16) mg.kg-1.hr-1] with p value = 0.01. There is significant mean arterial pressure differences during post-insuflation. Meanwhile there is no difference on heart rate  and time of extubation between two groups Conclusion: Administration of magnesium sulfat as adjuvant in general anesthesia reduce sevoflurane and rocuronium consumption during laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Abstrak :
PURPOSE: To assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer patients with a history of abdominal surgery (HAS).

METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data collected from gastric cancer patients with HAS, who underwent LG between 2004 and 2015. We compared the clinicopathological features that correlated with conversion to open surgery and the development of severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification of grade III or higher).

RESULTS: Of the 41 patients identified, 6 (14.6%) required conversion to open surgery. The incidence of conversion to open surgery was associated with a history of lower gastrointestinal tract surgery (p = 0.009), attempted laparoscopic total gastrectomy (p = 0.002), and excessive blood loss (p < 0.001). Severe postoperative complications developed in six patients (14.6%). Although the development of complications was associated with high postoperative serum C-reactive protein, the type of past abdominal surgery was not significantly correlated with severe complications.

CONCLUSIONS: LG was feasible for gastric cancer patients with a HAS, but for those with a history of lower abdominal surgery or those who require total gastrectomy, surgeons should carefully consider the indications for LG.

Abstrak :
PURPOSE: Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a progressive and irreversible fibrosis and can be fatal if acute exacerbation (AE) occurs. While a useful risk-scoring system has been established for lung surgery, no risk evaluation exists for AE of IP related to non-pulmonary surgery. The objective of this review is to describe the management for patients with IP. METHODS: We experienced three hepatectomy cases with IP. The first was a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed IP with reticular shadow at the base of both lungs. After hepatectomy, his IP became acutely exacerbated and did not improve with steroid or sivelestat treatment. The second was a 74-year-old male patient diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, and the third was a 75-year-old male patient with liver metastasis. In both these cases, CT revealed a reticular shadow in the lung fields, with increased serum KL-6 levels. We administered pirfenidone for perioperative management, during which time no respiratory complications occurred. RESULTS: Perioperative management with pirfenidone for hepatectomy accompanied by IP was successful in our cases. CONCLUSION: We reviewed reports on the perioperative prevention, intraoperative risk factors, and treatment of postoperative AE of IP and summarized the perioperative management techniques for IP patients undergoing non-pulmonary surgery.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Tindakan pembedahan dengan invasi minimal seperti laparoskopi abdomen seringkali menjadi modalitas terpilih dengan perkembangan teknologi. Selama pembedahan, digunakan teknik anestesi umum pada pasien. Teknik anestesi yang ideal adalah teknik yang dapat menjaga kestabilan kardiovaskular dan respirasi, mengurangi kejadial mual muntah pascabedah, serta dapat mengurangi derajat nyeri pascabedah. Namun, prosedur laparoskopi menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis akibat kondisi pneumoperitoneum yang disebabkan oleh insuflasi gas karbon dioksida selama pembedahan, yang merupakan sebuah tantangan tambahan dalam pemberian anestesi yang ideal. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas penggunaan kombinasi anestesi umum dan spinal dengan anestesi umum saja dalam pembedahan laparoskopi abdomen. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik acak terkendali tanpa penyamaran pada pasien laparoskopi abdomen di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pemberian anestesi umum menggunakan lidokain, fentanyl, propofol, dan rocuronium. Pemberian anestesi spinal menggunakan bupivakain 10 mg. Luaran yang dinilai berupa kebutuhan opioid intraoperatif, kestabilan MAP, nyeri pascabedah, dan kejadian post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Hasil: Kombinasi anestesi umum dan spinal menyebabkan penurunan kebutuhan opioid fentanyl intraoperatif (p<0.001), kestabilan MAP yang lebih baik (p<0.009), dan penurunan nyeri pascabedah secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok anestesi umum. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dari tingkat kejadian PONV. Simpulan: Kelompok anestesi umum dan spinal menunjukan penurunan kebutuhan opioid intraoperatif dan MAP yang lebih stabil pada tindakan laparaskopi dibandingkan dengan kelompok anestesi umum. ......Background: Minimally invasive surgical procedures such as laparoscopic abdominal surgery have often become the preferred modality with technological advancements. During surgery, general anesthesia techniques are employed in patients. The ideal anesthesia technique is one that can maintain cardiovascular and respiratory stability, reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, and alleviate postoperative pain. However, laparoscopic procedures induce physiological changes due to pneumoperitoneum conditions caused by the insufflation of carbon dioxide gas during surgery, posing an additional challenge in achieving ideal anesthesia. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of using a combination of general and spinal anesthesia with general anesthesia alone in laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods: This research is a controlled randomized clinical trial without masking on patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. General anesthesia is administered using lidocaine, fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium, while spinal anesthesia is administered using bupivacaine. The assessed outcomes include intraoperative opioid requirements, MAP stability, postoperative pain, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results: The combination of general and spinal anesthesia resulted in a significant reduction in intraoperative fentanyl opioid requirements (p<0.001), better MAP stability (p<0.009), and a significant decrease in postoperative pain compared to the general anesthesia group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of PONV . Conclusion: The combination of general and spinal anesthesia group showed decreased intraoperative opioid requirements and more stable in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during laparoscopic procedures compared to general anesthesia group.

Abstrak :
This book is the first manuscript dedicated entirely to Desmoid Tumors. Written by prominent clinicians, researchers and advocacy group experts, patients and professionals alike will find this to be a comprehensive review. Clinical presentation, imaging guidelines and treatment paradigms are highlighted. Both the sporadic and heredity forms (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) will be discussed. A thorough discussion on the unique issues in children with DT is included. A portion of the book will address the role of the APC gene, the β-catenin protein and the role of mutations in the genesis of DT. Emerging cutting edge research techniques will be revealed. Also included is a thoughtful discussion on the controversial labelling of desmoid tumors as benign and the consequences of such a designation. The role of advocacy groups in supporting research and in promoting awareness of rare diseases such as DT will be outlined. This book will serve as basis to prepare clinicians, researchers and patients to embark on the quest for a cure for desmoid tumors.

Abstrak :
This is the first time a book about laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery has been published. Numerous articles have been published in specific surgical journals, but, until now, there has not been a book that collates all the aspects of this little-known field. The aim of this volume is to achieve a complete and easy presentation of all the implications associated with laparoscopy in emergency abdominal surgery. The book should be a manual that can be easily consulted by digestive, general, and specialized surgeons, especially in an emergency. The authors’ contributions are founded on evidence-based medicine, which give the book scientific credibility, but this is coupled with their experience of daily practice, which adds an important complementary dimension to evidence-based medicine. This is balanced by an emphasis on clarity and accessibility, because the ultimate aim of the book is educational.

Abstrak :
Radiology of the post surgical abdomen provides a comprehensive overview of all abdominal operations involving the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, hepatobiliary and genitourinary systems. Each chapter is fully illustrated with artists' drawings and radiological images of normal post operative anatomy. The complications associated with each procedure are described alongside imaging examples. Written by experts in the field, Radiology of the post surgical abdomen provides the reader with key teaching points emphasising differentiation between normal post-operative anatomy and complications.

Abstrak :
This book is a comprehensive account of imaging of acute appendicitis and other appendiceal diseases. Background information is first provided on clinical presentation, perforation and negative appendectomy rates, and treatment options. The role of each imaging modality – radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI – is then considered separately in adults and children with suspected acute appendicitis. Many high-quality illustrations are included, and detailed information is provided on appropriate protocols and radiation saving. Further chapters addresses the spontaneously resolving and chronic appendicitis as well as other appendiceal lesions and review the findings of evidence-based medicine and cost-effectiveness analyses. Emergency physicians, pediatricians, surgeons, and radiologists will all find this book to be an excellent source of information and guidance.

Abstrak :
Laparoscopic entry : traditional methods, new insights and novel approaches discusses traditional methods of laparoscopic surgery, new devices, laparoscopic entry in difficult patients, robotic assisted surgery access, single port entry, gasless access, transvaginal entry and natural orifice surgery. This book illustrates, through the presentation of techniques, methods, photos, images, drawings and pictures, all the possible methods of laparoscopic entry for endoscopic surgeons, either for laparoscopy or for robotics. Laparoscopic entry : traditional methods, new insights and novel approaches describes problems and criticisms of each method and highlights common and rare complications.Written by experts in the field, this book also includes tips and tricks, which can be tailored to each patient.