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"Latar Belakang: Edema peritumoral kerap dihubungkan dengan gejala neurologis dan progresivitas pada glioblasoma. Peran nilai Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) pada Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), faktor demografi dan gejala klinis dalam memrediksi derajat edema peritumoral masih belum banyak diketahui, sehingga perlu telaah lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Menilai hubungan nilai ADC intratumoral, faktor demografi dan gejala klinis dengan derajat edema peritumoral. Metode: Studi crossectional dengan data sekunder di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tahun 2014-2022. Seluruh sampel memiliki hasil MRI dengan sekuens DWI-ADC. Setiap variabel bebas dan tergantung dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square; untuk variabel bebas dengan nilai p<0,25 dilakukan analisis multivariat. Derajat edema peritumoral pada MRI dibagi menjadi mayor (>1cm) dan minor (<1cm). Hasil: 78 pasien dianalisis; didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai ADC intratumoral dengan derajat edema peritumoral pada nilai cut off  ≤0,75 x 10-3 mm2/s (p <0,001). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia ≤60 tahun, jenis kelamin, sakit kepala, penurunan kesadaran dan papil edema dengan derajat edema peritumoral, sedangkan usia >60 tahun mutlak mengalami edema mayor. Kesimpulan: Pasien dengan nilai ADC ≤0,75 x 10-3 mm2/s memiliki kemungkinan mengalami edema peritumoral mayor lebih besar.

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Background: Peritumoral edema is often associated to neurological symptoms and progression in glioblastoma. The role of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), demographic and clinical symptoms in predicting the degree of peritumoral edema not much known, so further studies are needed.

Objective: To assess the relationship between intratumoral ADC value, demographic and clinical symptoms with the degree of peritumoral edema.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with secondary data at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2014-2022. All samples had MRI with DWI-ADC sequence. Each independent and dependent variable was analyzed bivariately using the Chi-square test; independent variables with p <0.05, multivariate analysis was performed. Peritumoral edema on MRI are divided into major (>1cm) and minor (<1cm).

Results: 78 patients were analyzed; a significant relationship was found between intratumoral ADC value and degree of peritumoral edema at cut-off value of ≤0.75 x 10-3 mm2/s (p <0.001). There is no relationship between age ≤60, gender, headache, loss of consciousness and papilledema with the degree of peritumoral edema, whereas age >60 years has absolute major edema.

Conclusion: Patients with ADC values ≤0.75 x 10-3 mm2/s have a greater likelihood of developing major edema."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Pemeriksaan MRI standar terkadang sulit untuk membedakan tumor ganas dan jinak orbita karena karakteristik imaging yang nonspesifik, padahal biopsi pada lokasi tertentu seperti apeks orbita dan basis kranium periorbital sulit dilakukan dan memiliki risiko komplikasi yang tinggi sehingga klinisi memerlukan pemeriksaan MRI yang lebih spesifik untuk memperkirakan sifat tumor. Pada beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, nilai Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ADC baik menggunakan MRI 3Tesla T, 1,5T, dan gabungan keduanya, mampu membedakan tumor ganas dan jinak orbita, namun memiliki nilai ambang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari rerata nilai ADC menggunakan MRI 1,5T pada kelompok tumor ganas dan jinak orbita serta mencari nilai ambang untuk membedakan keduanya. Metode: Sebanyak 33 pasien tumor orbita yang telah menjalani pemeriksaan MRI orbita dengan kekuatan 1,5T dan mendapatkan nilai ADC tumor, dikelompokkan berdasarkan hasil histopatologis menjadi kelompok ganas dan jinak. Analisis statistik nilai ADC antara kelompok ganas dan jinak dilakukan menggunakan uji nonparametrik. Selanjutnya, penentuan nilai ambang optimal untuk membedakan tumor ganas dan jinak dilakukan menggunakan kurva receiver-operating characteristic ROC. Hasil: Dari 33 sampel diperoleh 17 tumor ganas dan 16 tumor jinak. Hasil histopatologis mayoritas pada kelompok tumor ganas dan jinak masing-masing adalah limfoma 4/17 dan meningioma grade I 9/16. Median dan range nilai ADC pada kelompok tumor ganas adalah 0,8 0,6-2,1 10 minus;3 mm2/s yang berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok tumor jinak 1,1 0,8-2,6 10 minus;3 mm2/s p=0,001. Nilai ambang optimal ADC untuk membedakan tumor ganas dan jinak adalah 0,88 10 minus;3 mm2/s dengan perkiraan sensitivitas 76,5 dan spesifisitas 93,8. Simpulan: Nilai ADC pada kelompok tumor ganas orbita lebih rendah dibandingkan tumor jinak dan bisa digunakan untuk memperkirakan karakteristik suatu tumor orbita.

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Background and purpose: Differentiating between malignant and benign orbital tumor using standard MRI sometimes is difficult because of nonspecific imaging characteristics, meanwhile biopsy in certain area such as orbital apex and periorbital skull base is difficult to do with higher risk of complication so that ophthalmologist may need suggestion from MRI result to predict the characteristic of tumor. In previous studies, the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ADC value using MRI 3Tesla T, 1,5T, and combination of both, are able to differentiate between them but with variable cut-off value. This study aims to find out the ADC value of malignant and benign orbital tumor using MRI 1,5T and calculate the optimum cut-off value to differentiate them.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with orbital tumor who has undergone MRI examination and get the ADC value of tumor are classified into malignant and benign group. ADC value between malignant and benign group is statistically analyzed using nonparametric test. The optimal cut off value between malignant and benign tumor is calculated receiver-operating characteristic ROC curve.

Results: Among all samples, 17 are malignant and 16 are benign. Majority of histopathological result in malignant group are lymphoma 4/17 while in benign group are meningioma grade I 9/16. The mean ADC value in malignant group 0,8 10 minus;3 mm2/s is significantly different from benign group 1,1 10 minus;3 mm2/s p=0,001. The optimum cut-off ADC value to differentiate between malignant and benign orbital tumor is 0,88 10 minus;3 mm2/s with prediction of sensitivity 76,5 and specificity 93,8.

Conclusion: ADC value in malignant orbital tumor is lower than benign tumor and it can be used to predict the characteristic of orbital tumor. "

"Latar belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) merupakan salah satu kanker dan penyebab kematian akibat kanker tersering. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen multifase adalah modalitas pilihan untuk diagnosis KSH, karena dapat menggambarkan perubahan patofisiologi selama hepatokarsinogenesis melalui sekuens dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) dengan chemical shift imaging, T2- weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), peta apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), serta fase hepatobilier. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) sebagai penanda serologis KSH terkait surveilans, diagnostik, dan prognostik, juga berperan dalam hepatokarsinogenesis dengan menunjukkan perbedaan agresivitas tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara temuan morfologi dan karakteristik KSH pada MRI dengan kadar serum AFP.Metode: Studi retrospektif ini dilakukan pada pasien KSH yang menjalani MRI abdomen multifase kontras spesifik hepatobilier dan kadar serum AFP di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, serta belum menjalani prosedur pengobatan apapun. Dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square atau uji Mutlak Fisher antara temuan morfologis dan karakteristik KSH pada MRI, serta menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney antara nilai rerata apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) dengan kadar serum AFP.Hasil: Diperoleh 82 subyek dengan usia rerata subyek 58 tahun, diameter tumor >5cm (58,5%) dan tumor multipel (59,8%) paling banyak ditemukan, serta memiliki perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna dengan kadar serum AFP (nilai p = 0,030 dan p = 0,000). Vaskularisasi tumor, kapsul tumor, lemak intratumoral, tumor hiperintens T2, restriksi difusi, dan tumor hipointens fase hepatobilier lebih banyak ditemukan pada kadar serum AFP ≥ 100ng/mL, namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan proporsi bermakna. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna nilai rerata ADC antara 39 subyek dengan kadar serum AFP < 100ng/mL dan 43 subyek dengan AFP ³ 100ng/mL. Median nilai rerata ADC 1,19 (0,71 – 2,20) pada subyek dengan kadar serum AFP < 100ng/mL, median 0,97 (0,72 – 1,77) pada subyek dengan AFP ≥ 100ng/mL, dan nilai p = 0,003.Simpulan: Proporsi tumor berdiameter > 5cm dan tumor multipel pada subyek dengan AFP ≥ 100ng/mL secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada subyek dengan AFP < 100ng/mL. Nilai rerata ADC pada subyek dengan AFP ≥ 100ng/mL secara bermakna lebih rendah dibandingkan AFP < 100ng/mL. Sehingga nilai rerata ADC dapat membantu memprediksi kadar serum AFP pada pasien KSH.

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and cancer-related death. Multiphase contrast-enhanced abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of KSH, as it can depict pathophysiologic changes during hepatocarcinogenesis through sequences: dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) with chemical shift imaging, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and hepatobiliary phase. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as a serological marker of HCC related to surveillance, diagnostics, and prognostics, also plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis by showing differences in tumor aggressiveness. This study aims to analyze the relationship between morphological findings and characteristics of HCC on MRI with serum AFP levels.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on HCC patients who underwent hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced multiphase abdominal MRI and serum AFP levels at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, had not undergone any treatment procedures. Chi Square or Fisher's exact test between morphological findings and characteristics of HCC on MRI, and Mann-Whitney test between mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and serum AFP levels were analyzed.

Results: There were 82 subjects with a mean age of 58 years, tumor size >5cm (58.5%) and multiple tumors (59.8%) were more common, had a significant difference in proportion with AFP serum levels (p value = 0.030 and p = 0.000). Tumor vascularization, tumor capsule, intratumoral fat, T2 hyperintense tumor, diffusion restriction, and hepatobiliary phase hypointense tumor were more common in serum AFP level ≥ 100ng/mL, but there was no significant difference in proportion. There was a significant difference in mean ADC between 39 subjects with serum AFP level < 100ng/mL and 43 subjects with AFP 100ng/mL. The median ADC score was 1.19 (0.71 – 2.20) in subjects with serum AFP level < 100ng/mL, median 0.97 (0.72 – 1.77) in subjects with AFP ≥ 100ng/mL, and p value is 0.003.

Conclusion: The proportion of tumors > 5cm in diameter and multiple tumors in subjects with AFP ≥ 100ng/mL was significantly higher than that in subjects with AFP < 100ng/mL. The mean value of ADC in subjects with AFP ≥ 100ng/mL was significantly lower than AFP < 100ng/mL. So that the mean value of ADC can help predict serum AFP levels in patients with HCC."