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Abstrak :
Anak penyandang keterbelakangan mental sedang dapat dilatih membaca kata-kata yang merupakan petunjuk atau tanda-tanda di lingkungan kehidupannya. Membaca mempakan kegiatan menginterpretasikan huruf-huru£ Membaca diawali dengan penguasaan keterampilan pra-membaca dan pengenalan hmuil Untuk melatih meningkatkan kemampuan xnembaca pada anak penyandang keterbelakangan mental sedaug digunakan program pengajaran individual (PPI) dengan teknik Applied Behavior Anabfsls (ABA). PPI ini diberikan secara bertahap kepada A, seorang penyandang keterbelakangan mental sedang berusia 10 tahun 6 bulan yang belum bisa membaca. Tahapan intervensi yang terdapat dalam program adalah pertemuan pertama hingga ketiga: pengenalan ukuran, berat, letak, arab, bentuk, wama dan pemasangau obyek-obyek yang sama, pertemuan keempat hingga keenam: pengenalan humf vokal. Program ini akan dilanjutkan oleh orang tua subyek. Evaluasi program dilakukan setiap akhir tahap. Kesimpulan program intervensi ini adalah terdapat peningkatan kemampuan keterampilan pra-membaca pengenalan huruf vokal untuk anak yang mengalami keterbelakaoan mental sedang melalui teknik ABA. ......Children withmoderate mental remrdation cotddbenainedtoreadwordsand signs in their environment. Reading is a meaningful interpretation printed dan written verbal symbols. Early reading started with mastering of pre-reading skills and an introduction to identiiication of alphabets. The intervention program was based on Individualized Education Program (IEP) which would be used in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). This program is given to A, an ID years old boy with moderate mental retardation, who is not capable of reading, The aim of the intervention program was to help A improve his pre-reading skills. These programmes consisted of two sessions with two stages. One of early sessions were baseline sessions and the rest were interventions sessions. Interventions were given through stages. The intervention stages in this programme were stage one: the introduction of concepts pre-reading included size, weight, position, direction, shape, colour and matching the same objects. Stage two introduced identification of vowels. Additional intervention was given to a parent. Evaluations were given at the end of every stage. Overall, the conclusion showed improvement in pre-reading skills, in the recognition of vowels with ABA method.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Applied Behavior Analysis adalah sebuah metode penyembuhan autistik yang belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat Indonesia, sementara ABA efektif dan efisien dalam mengurangi perilaku disruptive yang umum tampak pada penyandang autistik. Kelebihan dari ABA adalah diajarkan secara sistematis, terstruktur dan terukur. Tesis ini menggambarkan proses pelatihan terapi autis yang dilaksanakan di lembaga pemasyarakatan kelas 1 Tangerang, instrukturnya adalah wargabinaan X. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam kepada informan yang terdiri dari instruktur, petugas lapas, dan peserta pelatihan. Pelatihan ini mencangkup tiga tahapan yaitu: pra pelatihan, pelatihan dan paska pelatihan, yang paling menarik pada paska pelatihan yaitu melakukan studi banding ke Klinik ABA, praktek, dan ujian tertulis. Meskipun pelatihan telah berakhir monitoring tetap dilakukan oleh instruktur.

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ABSTRACT Applied behavior analysis was a method of healing autistic that have not known by the Indonesian. Meanwhile, ABA was effective and efficient in reducing the behavior of disruptive which shown in autistic. Then, the benefit of ABA was taught in a systematic, structured, and measurable. This thesis descrubed the training process of autism therapy that carried out in prison class 1 Tangerang, the instructor was inmates X. This research used qualitative approach by using depth-interview to the informants that consist of instructor, prison officers, and trainee. The is training including the three steps. Those were pre training, whils training, and post training, the most interesting activity was post training, that is doing a comparative study to the clinic ABA, practice and written exam. Although the training has ended the monitoring still done by the instructor.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcasL.), salah satu tanaman sumber bahan bakar nabati tropis, telah terkenal karena ketahanannya terhadap cekaman kekeringan, akan tetapi, kemampuannya untuk tumbuh pada lingkungan yang kering masih jarang diteliti. Perubahan status air daun, kadar klorofil, suhu permukaan daun, konduktansi stomata, kadar prolin dan abcisic acid (ABA), laju transpirasi dan fotosintesis dikaji pada empat genotip jarak pakar (IP-1A, IP-2M, Unggul lokal dan Daun kuning) yang diperlakukan cekaman kekeringan pada lahan pasir pantai di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Cekaman kekeringan menurunkan secara signifikan status air daun, kadar klorofil daun, konduktansi stomata, laju transpirasi dan fotosintesis, dan meningkatkan suhu daun, kadar prolin dan ABA. Genotip tahan (IP-1A dan IP-2M) memiliki status air daun, kadar klorofil dan laju fotosintesis lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan genotip yang peka (Unggul lokal dan Daun kuning). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata di ntara genotip jarak pagar terhadap suhu daun, konduktansi stomata dan laju transpirasi.

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Abstract
Jatropha curcas L., an important tropical biofuel crop, is reputed for its drought resistance, however, its ability to perform in dry conditions has still hardly been investigated. Changes in leaf water status, chlorophyll content, leaf surface temperature, stomatal conductan ce, proline and abcisic acid (ABA) content, transpiration and photosyntheticrate were studied in four Jatropha genotypes (IP-1A, IP-2M, Local superior and Yellow leaf) and subjected to drought stress in coastal sandy land conditions in Central Java, Indonesia. Drought stress significan tly decreased the leaf water status, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate, and increased leaf temperature, proline and ABA content. Resistant genotypes (IP-1A and IP-2M) had significantly higher leaf water status, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate than susceptible genotypes (Local superior and Yellow leaf). There were no differences between the Jatropha genotypes on leaf temperature, stomat al conductance and transpiration rate.