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Abstrak :
Pemanfaatan tanaman sirsak yang sampai saat ini hanya sebatas untuk konsumsi pangan dan obat herbal, padahal tanaman sirsak memiliki potensi lain yang belum tergali berkaitan dengan jumlah kandungan minyak dalam bijinya yang cukup besar dan potensinya sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan ekstraksi sinambung biji sirsak untuk mendapatkan minyak biji sirsak. Minyak yang dapat diekstrak dari biji sirsak adalah sekitar 23.6% dari berat serbuk kering. Selain itu, ditentukan pula sifat fisiko-kimia minyak biji sirsak hasil ekstraksi. Komposisi asam lemak penyusun trigliserida minyak biji sirsak terdiri dari; asam palmitoleat (1.33%), asam palmitat (20.49%), asam linoleat (32.93%), asam oleat (40.02%), asam stearat (5.21%). Sintesis biodiesel minyak biji sirsak dilakukan dengan metode ultrasonikasi. Optimasi kondisi reaksi sintesis metil ester dilakukan dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi katalis dan perbandingan mol metanol dan minyak. Konsentrasi katalis KOH divariasikan menjadi 0.5 % dan 1 %, sedangkan perbandingan mol minyak dan metanol masing-masing, 1:6, 1:9, dan 1:12. Nilai persen konversi metil ester maksimum pada penelitian ini adalah 92.62% diperoleh pada rasio mol minyak:metanol 1:9 dengan konsentrasi katalis KOH 0.5 %.

Abstrak :
Tanaman sirsak (Annona muricata L) tumbuh apada daerah beriklim tropis dan dapat beradaptasi baik pada dataran rendah sampai 800 m dpl. Perbanyakan tanaman sirsak sangat mudah, yaitu dengan mwenggunakan biji. Namun cara ini tidak dianjurkan karena karakteristik buahnya sering menyimpang dari induknya....

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang paling banyak menyebabkan kematian di dunia dan berada di peringkat tiga terbanyak setelah kanker paru dan kanker payudara. Inflamasi merupakan predisposisi kanker kolorektal melalui berbagai mediator proinflamasi dan antiinflamasi yang dihasilkan sel-sel inflamasi. Pengobatan kanker kolorektal secara konvensional dengan terapi bedah, kemoterapi maupun radioterapi belum dapat memberikan hasil yang memuaskan karena angka kekambuhan kanker yang tinggi dan terjadinya inflamasi akibat terapi. Annona muricata Linn. (AML), atau sirsak memiliki zat aktif asetogenin,yang selain bersifat anti-oksidan, antiinflamasi juga memiliki efek sitotoksik karena mampu menginduksi apoptosis dengan mengurangi kadar cAMP dan cGMP pada sel-sel kanker manusia. Dua puluh lima subyek penderita kanker kolorektal yang sudah direseksi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dan mendapatkan tambahan terapi berupa ekstrak etanol daun AML atau maltosa selama 8 minggu, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, COX-2 serta cleaved caspase CK18 melalui serum subyek sebelum dan setelah terapi selesai dilakukan. Pemberian ekstrak etanol AML tidak menimbulkan perubahan signifikan dari kelima parameter dibandingkan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Terdapat korelasi bersifat positif yang signifikan antara mediator proinflamasi TNF-α dan IL-10 setelah perlakuan yaitu 0,641 (p = 0,009) dan juga korelasi positif antara TNF-α dan ccCK18 yaitu 0,817 (p = 0,002). Berdasarkan hasil di atas ekstrak etanol AML memiliki peran untuk meregulasi homeostasis proinflamasi dan antiinflamasi serta berperan dalam proses apoptosis.

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ABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer is one type of cancer which causes the most deaths in the world and is the third highest after lung cancer and breast cancer. Inflammation is one of colorectal cancer predispotition, mediated by a variety of inflammatory cytokine produced by inflammatory cells. Treatment of colorectal cancer include surgical therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy had not given a satisfactory result for the high recurrence rate of cancer, even resulted inflammation as a side effect of therapy. Annona muricata Linn. (AML), or soursop has asetogenin as one of its active substances, which have antioxidant potency, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effect because it can induce apoptosis by reducing levels of cAMP and cGMP in human cancer cells. Twenty-five post-resection colorectal cancer patients divided into two groups and get ethanol fraction of leaves of AML or maltose as an additional therapy for 8 weeks. Levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, COX-2 and caspase cleaved CK18 serum subjects before and after treatment was examined. Ethanol fraction of AML did not make a significant change from the five parameters which were compared between treatment and kontrol groups. TNF-α and IL-10 serum after treatment had a positive correlation with R= 0,641 (p = 0.009). TNF-α and ccCK18 also had positive correlation with R = 0.817 (p = 0.002). Based on results the ethanol fraction of AML plays a role to homeostasis of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory as well as apoptosis regulation.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Hiperglikemia yang memicu peningkatan stress oksidatif dapat menyebabkan inflamasi pada jaringan hepar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata yang memiliki fungsi hepato-protektif terhadap perubahan histopatologi hepar mencit yang mengalami diabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit Swiss Webster yang akan dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 kelompok: kelompok Kontrol Negatif (KN), Kontrol Positif (KP), Dosis Rendah (DR), Dosis Sedang (DS), dan Dosis Tinggi (DT). Gambaran histopatologi akan dinilai menggunakan skor NASH CRN yang kemudian akan diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 24 dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Sementara kadar glukosa darah akan diuji menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dengan post hoc Mann Whitney U Test. Hasil: Hasil uji ekstrak etanol daun Annona murica menunjukkan perbedaan secara signifikan pada perubahan pengaruh inflamasi lobular (p=0,000) dan steatosis (p=0,001). Data kadar glukosa darah yang didapatkan pada pre-test (H0) dibandingkan dengan post-test (H14) tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna(p=0,542). Di antara masing-masing data dari 5 kelompok pada hari ke-14 setelah perlakuan (H14) tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,553). Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel steatosis dengan inflamasi lobular (p=0,535). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadap pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Annona muricata terhadap perubahan steatosis dan inflamasi lobular hepar mencit.
Introduction: Hyperglycemia which triggers an increase in oxidative stress can cause inflammation of the liver tissue. This study aims to look at the effect of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves which has a hepato-protective function on liver histopathological changes in mice that have diabetes mellitus. Method: This study used 25 Swiss Webster mice which were randomly divided into 5 groups: the Negative Control (KN), Positive Control (KP) group, the treatment group dose 150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg. Histopathological features will be assessed using the NASH CRN score which will then be processed using SPSS version 24 using the Chi-Square test. While blood glucose levels will be tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the post hoc Mann Whitney U Test. Results: The results of the ethanol extract of Annona murica leaves in the 5 dose groups showed significant differences in lobular inflammation (p = 0,000) and steatosis (p = 0.001). While blood glucose levels obtained at the pre-test (H0) compared with the post- test (H14) did not have a significant difference (p = 0.542). The 14th day of the test (H14) between the 5 dose groups did not have a significant difference (p = 0.553). In this study also found a significant relationship between steatosis variables with lobular inflammation (p = 0.535). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship to the ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves on changes in steatosis and lobular liver inflammation in mice. There was no significant relationship in ethanol extract of Annona muricata leaves administration on mice blood glucose level.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Hiperglikemia yang berlangsung lama dan tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat meningkatkan produksi ROS dan menyebabkan infertilitas pada pria. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata) merupakan salah satu herbal dengan efek antidiabetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (EEDS) terhadap ukuran diameter tubulus seminiferus, jumlah sel sertoli, dan jumlah sel leydig pada mencit yang mengalami diabetes mellitus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 ekor mencit jantan Swiss Webster yang diinduksi aloksan selama 3 hari, yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan 3 kelompok uji dengan dosis EEDS masing-masing 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBB. EEDS diberikan setiap hari selama 14 hari. Semua preparat jaringan testis diwarnai dengan pewarnaan HE dan diamati pada perbesaran 40x. Diameter tubulus seminiferus diukur menggunakan program Axiovision Release 4.8. Jumlah sel sertoli dan sel leydig dihitung menggunakan perangkat lunak image J. Hasil: EEDS dalam semua dosis uji tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada ukuran diameter tubulus seminiferus. EEDS dosis 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kgBB secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel sertoli dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05). EEDS dosis 300 mg/kgBB signifikan dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel leydig dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian EEDS selama 14 hari pada mencit yang diinduksi aloksan tidak mengubah ukuran diameter tubulus seminiferus secara signifikan, namun dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel sertoli dan sel leydig secara signifikan dibandingkan jika tidak diberi pengobatan apapun(......).Introduction: Prolonged and uncontrolled hyperglycemia increases production of ROS and causes male infertility. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata) is herbal medicine that is known to have antidiabetic effect. This study aimed to observe the potential effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) to the alteration of seminiferous tubules’ diameter, sertoli cells’ amount and leydig cells’ amount, as the indicators of male infertility. Method: This is a true experimental in vivo study with randomized control group. The sample used for this study are 30 alloxan-induced Swiss Webster mice which was devided into positive control group, negative control group, and three trial groups (1: 150 mg/kg, 2: 300 mg/kg, 3: 600 mg/kg). EESL solution was given everyday during 14 days. All histopathology preparations were stained by HE-staining and observed on 40x magnification. Diameters of seminiferous tubules were measured by Axiovision Release program version 4.8. The amounts of sertoli and leydig cells were counted by Image J software. Results: EESL in every trial dose doesn’t have significant effect to the diameter of seminiferous tubules on every trial groups. EESL 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg has a significant effect to increase the amounts of sertoli cells (p=0,003). EESL 300 mg/kg has a significant effect to increase the amounts of leydig cells (p=0,03). Conclusion: Administration of Annona muricata leaf during 14 days on alloxan-induced mice doesn’t significantly affect diameters of seminiferous tubules. In contrast, it significantly increases the amounts of sertoli and leydig cells.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang struktur populasi kerang Pinna muricata dan korelasinya dengan kepadatan lamun di sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan dan menganalisis struktur populasi kerang Pinna muricata yang meliputi kelimpahan, persebaran, dan ukuran, serta mencari tahu ada atau tidaknya korelasi dengan jumlah lamun di sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan transek sepanjang 50 meter yang dibentangkan mengelilingi pulau secara tegak lurus dari pantai. Pada jalur transek tersebut diletakan kuadrat dengan luas 10×2 m2 sebanyak tiga buah dengan jarak antar kuadrat adalah 10 m. Pinna muricata yang ditemukan pada tiap kuadrat dihitung dan diletakan kuadrat kecil seluas 1×1 m2 dengan posisi sehingga Pinna muricata berada di tengah kuadrat tersebut. Tegakkan tiap jenis lamun yang ada dalam kuadrat kecil dihitung. Setelah itu, cangkang kerang diambil dari substrat dan dihitung morfometrinya menggunakan penggaris. Tiap data yang didapat ditampilkan dalam tabel, dan dibandingkan dengan data yang didapat pada penelitian sebelumnya. Data jumlah Pinna muricata, jumlah tegakkan lamun, dan panjang total cangkang diuji dalam rumus Uji Korelasi Spearman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kerang Pinna muricata menurun sampai 42,6%, dan panjang total cangkang dari Pinna muricata menurun 13,49% dibandingkan dengan penelitian pada tahun 2003. Hasil Uji Korelasi Spearman menunjukan adanya nilai korelasi positif antara jumlah Pinna muricata dan jumlah tegakkan lamun dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,86, namun, ditemukan nilai korelasi negatif antara panjang total cangkang Pinna muricata dengan jumlah tegakkan lamun dengan nilai koefisien korelasi -0,51. ......A research about the population structure of Pinna muricata and its correlation with the number of seagrass shoots around them had been conducted. The purpose of this study was to count, compare, and analyze the population structure of Pinna muricata in the shape of their numbers, distributions, and size, then finding out whether or not those factors have any correlations with the number of seagrass’ shoots around them. Data collecting was done with a 50 meter line transect placed vertically with shoreline. On the transect track, a 10×2 m2 quadrats was placed three times, with the distance of each quadrats is 10 m. Each Pinna muricata that was found on the quadrat was counted, and then a smaller quadrat with the size of 1×1 m2 was put in a way that makes the Pinna muricata is placed on the center of the small quadrat. Every seagrass’ shoots that was found on the small quadrat was counted. Then Pinna muricata was picked from its substrate to measure its morphometrics. Every data that was found was displayed on a table to be compared with previous research. The number of Pinna muricata that was found, number of seagrass’ shoots, and the total length of Pinna muricata was analyzed using the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient formula. Results show that the number of Pinna muricata had decrease by 42,6%, and the total length of Pinna muricata had also decrease by 13,49% when compared to a previous study in 2003. The results of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between the number of Pinna muricata and the number of seagrass’ shoots, with the number of correlation coefficient is 0,86. The result also showed a negative correlation between the total length of Pinna muricata’s shell and the number of seagrass’ shoots, with the number of correlation coefficient is -0,51.

Abstrak :
Senyawa bioaktif yang berasal dari tanaman sirsak atau Annona muricata telah lama diteliti dan terbukti bersifat antikanker, selain itu juga bersifat antiparasit, insektisida, anticacing, antibakteri, dan antivirus. Senyawa bioaktif, yang diekstrak dari daun sirsak, bernama annonaceous acetogenin dan telah berhasil dilakukan analisa secara kualitatif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak yang kaya akan annonaceous acetogenin melalui maserasi daun sirsak yang sudah kering dengan pelarut etanol 95%, fraksinasi, dan kolom kromatografi. Senyawa annonaceous acetogenin yang terbukti larut dalam fraksi metanol 90% (Fraksi F005) dari tahapan fraksinasi dianalisis dengan LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) dengan adanya senyawa yang berat molekulnya 612 dan BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dengan nilai LC50 (Lethal Concentration) di bawah 1000 ppm. Dari kolom kromatografi terhadap fraksi F005 didapatkan 12 botol di antara 15 botol yang terbukti mengandung annonaceous acetogenin dari analisis TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), LCMS, dan BST, dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan HPLC untuk mengetahui banyaknya campuran senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya. ......Bioactive compound from soursop plants or Annona muricata has been investigated for a long time and proven to act as an anticancer, furthermore as parasiticidal, insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiviral. This bioactive compound, which is extracted from soursop leaves, is annonaceous acetogenin and suceeded in qualitative analysis. This aim of research is to get a rich content of annonaceous acetogenin by macerate the soursop leaves with ethanol 95%, fractinate, and isolate with column chromatography. Annonaceous acetogenin is proven to be soluble in methanol 90% fraction (Fraction F005) from fractination step which analyzed using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) with 612 for its molecular weight and BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) with LC50 below 1000 ppm. From column chromatography for fraction F005, it gave 12 bottles among all 15 bottles which are proven to contain annonaceous acetogenin by analyzing them using TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), LC-MS, and BST, furthermore by HPLC to give knowledge about the mixture of compounds contained in them.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian ekologi Pinna muricata yang mencakup kepadatan, morfometri cangkang, sudut posisi kedudukannya lerhadap garis pantai, serta hubungannya dengan kepadalan dan biomassa lamun Cymodocea rotundata di Pulau Semak Daun, Kepulauan Seribu, Teluk Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pinna muricata hanya ditemukan di antara lamun Cymodocea rotundata di 6 transek dari 16 transek yang digunakan, 4 transek (transek 7- 10) di bagian Selatan dan 2 transek (transek 12 dan lj) di bagian Utara. Kepadatan terbanyak terdapat di bagian Selatan pulau (0,6 individu per m3}, sedangkan di bagian Utara puiau kepadalannya hanya mencapai 0,03 individu per m2. Pinna muricata mempunyai panjang cangkang yang berkisar antara 12,5 - 17 cm dengan rata-rata 14,25 cm, sedangkan lebar cangkang berkisar antara 7 - 11,4 cm dengan rata-rata 8,43 cm. Sudut kedudukan Pinna muricata terbanyak (17%) antara 130" - 139° terhadap garis pantai. Kepadalan dan biomassa akar lamun Cymodocea roiundata tidak berkorelasi atau tidak ada hubungannya dengan jumlah Pinna muricata, sedangkan bkimassa daun menunjukkan korelasi negative (R= -0,36).

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We examined fan mussel Pinna muricata (Mollusca, Bivalvia) such as the density, shell morphomeiry, angel of shell position against the shoreline, as well as his correlations with the density and the biomass of seagrass Cymodocea rotundata in the Semak Daun Island, Jakarta Bay. Results of Ihe research pointed out Pinna muricata were found only in seagrass meadows Cymodocea rotundata in 6 transects from 16 transects lhat was used, 4 transects (transect 7 - 10) on the South and 2 transects (transect 12 and 13) at the North of Island. The Pinna density was recorded 0.6 individuals per m2 at the southern of the island, whereas at the northern of the island only reached 0.03 individuals per m2. The length and wide of shells were measured between 12,5 - 17 cm (average 14,25 cm) and between 7 ? 11,4 cm (average 8,43 cm) respectively. The most angle of shell positions were measured between 120° - 139" against the shoreline. The density and the leave biomass seagrass Cymodocea rotundata did not correlate with the density of Pinna, whereas the root biomass have negative correlation (R= - 0,36).

Abstrak :
The aim of this research is to know the influence of the flour soursop seed of the controlling pest Callosobruchus analis at the soursop seed. This research has been implemented experimentally, consists of two phases. The first is to know the effectivity of the flour soursop seed against mortallity of the beetle C. analis. and the laying of eggs, while the second phases is to know the influence of the flour soursop seed against the influence of the beetle population C. analis. This research has used RAL/CRD/ Completely Randomized Design with one treatment factor that is : the dosege of the flour soursop seed,consiste of A) the flour soursop seed, dosege 1,50 g/100g ; B) the flour soursop seed, dosage 1,00 g/100 g ; C) the flour soursop seed, dosage 0,50 g/ 100 g; O) Control/without treatment. Every tretment is repeated five time. The observation of the parameter is : mortality and development of the beetle C. analis, the percentageof the seed damage and the decrease of the seed heavy. The result of this research indicated that; the flour soursop seed influenced for the mortality and devolepment C. analis at the soy bean seed; the flour soursop seed can reduce for damage and the decrease of the seed heavy against attacking C. analis. The effective dosage of the flour soursop seed for controlling the beetls C. analis, is not founded yet. From the result of this research, can be concluded that the flour soursop seed by dosage 1,50 g/ 100 g seed can influence for increasing mortality and decreasing the expansion of the beetle powder C. analis at the say been seed and can reducing the damage and the decreasing the soy bean seed heavy because of the attacking the powder of beetle C. analis at storaging, the effective dosage of the flour soursop seed for controlling the beetle C. analis is not founded yet. Keywords: the flour soursop seed (Annona muricata), the powder of beatle Callosobruchus analis F. ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung biji sirsak terhadap pengendalian hama Callosobruchus analis pada biji kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara eksperimen, yang terdiri dari dua tahap, tahap pertama adalah mengetahui efektifitas tepung biji sirsak terhadap mortalitas kumbang C. analis dan peletakan telur sedangkan tahap kedua mengetahui pengaruh tepung biji sirsak terhadap perkembangan populasi kumbang C. analis. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL/CRD) dengan 1 faktor perlakuan yairu dosis tepung biji sirsak. Adapun dosis perlakuan adalah dosis tepung biji sirsak yang terdiri dari (A) Tepung biji sirsak , dosis 1,50 g / 100 g; (B) Tepung biji sirsak, dosis 1,00 g / 100 g; (C) Tepung biji sirsak , dosis 0,50 g / 100 g; (O) Kontrol / Tanpa Perlakuan. Tiap Perlakuan diulang lima kali. Parameter pengamatan adalah ; mortalitas dan perkembangan kumbang C. analis, persentase kerusakan biji dan penyusutan bobot biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung biji sirsak berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas dan perkembangan C. analis pada biji kedelai ; tepung biji sirsak dapat mengurangi terhadap kerusakan dan penyusutan bobot biji kedelai terhadap serangan C. analis; belum didapat dosis tepung biji sirsak yang efektif untuk mengendalikan kumbang C.analis. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tepung biji sirsak dengan dosis 1,50 g / 100 g biji dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan mortalitas dan penurunan perkembangan kumbang bubuk Callosobruchus analis F. pada biji kedelai serta dapat mengurangi kerusakan dan penyusutan bobot biji kedelai akibat serangan kumbang bubuk Callosobruchus analis F. di penyimpanan, namun belum didapat dosis tepung biji sirsak yang efektif untuk mengendalikan kumbang C. analis F. Kata kunci: Tepung biji sirsak (Annona muricata), Kumbang bubuk Callosobruchus analis F.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Kanker payudara adalah penyakit multifaktor yang mengakibatkan insiden kematian wanita tertinggi di dunia. Pengobatan kanker payudara berupa pembedahan, radioterapi, dan kemoterapi memiliki efek samping sehingga perlu pengobatan alternatif, salah satunya menggunakan bahan herbal. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dilaporkan memiliki efek antitumor dan sitotoksik, tetapi penelitian in vivo terhadap kanker payudara masih sedikit, dibutuhkan penelitian lanjut mengenai efektivitas dan jalur penghambatan daun sirsak terhadap berbagai kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat dan dosis efektif ekstrak metanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap pertumbuhan tumor payudara mencit C3H secara in vivo. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit galur C3H yang ditransplan dengan tumor payudara dari mencit C3H donor bertumor, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif hanya diberi pelarut CMC 0,5%, kontrol positif diberi doksorubisin, kelompok pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak dosis 15, 30, dan 45 mg/kg BB. Setiap mencit dicekok ekstrak daun sirsak 0,2 cc per hari selama 21 hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol positif diberikan doksorubisin secara intra vena 0,03 μg/20g BB seminggu sekali selama 21 hari. Panjang dan lebar tumor diukur di awal dan seminggu sekali selama perlakuan untuk mendapatkan data volume tumor. Pada akhir penelitian mencit dinekropsi, tumor mencit ditimbang dan dilakukan pewarnaan AgNOR untuk diukur aktivitas proliferasi sel. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,007) antar perlakuan terhadap volume tumor akhir dan terhadap aktivitas proliferasi (p=0,001). Uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap berat tumor menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antar perlakuan (p=0,03). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman secara bermakna (p=0,03) menunjukkan ada korelasi positif antara aktivitas proliferasi sel dengan pertumbuhan volume tumor dengan kekuatan korelasi yang lemah (r=0,39). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan volume tumor dan aktivitas proliferasi sel kanker payudara mencit C3H dan optimum penghambatan pada dosis 30 mg/kg

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ABSTRACT
BB.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman?s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice?s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman’s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice’s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.;Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman’s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice’s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose., Breast cancer is a multifactor disease that has been a leading cause of woman’s mortality. Treatments for breast cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have their own side effects, so that alternative treatments such as herbal medicine are needed. Soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) has been reported to have antitumor and cytotoxic effects, but only few conducted in vivo, an advanced research is needed to find the effectiveness and the inhibition pathway of the soursop leaf. The purpose of this research is to find out the inhibition capacity and the effective dose of soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata Linn) against the development of C3H mice’s breast cancer in vivo. There were thirty mice of C3H strain which were transplanted with breast tumor and they were divided into five groups consisting of negative control group which was given only solvent CMC 0.5%, a positive control group which was given doxorubicin, a dose group of 15 mg/kg BB, a dose group of 30 mg/kg BB, and a dose group of 45 mg/kg BB. Each mouse was given 0,2 cc soursop leaf extract every day for 21 days while the positive control group was given doxorubicin 0,03 μg/20 gram BB once a week for 21 days intravenously. The length and the width of the tumor were measured at the beginning and also measured once a week during the experiment process to gain the data of the tumor volume. At the end of the research, the tumor of the mice was lifted and weighed and it was stained by AgNOR to measure the proliferation activity of the cell. The Anova result showed that there was a significant difference (p=0,007) between treatment against the development of tumor which was marked by the decrease of the tumor volume and proliferation activity (p=0,001). The Kruskal Wallis result showed that there was no significant difference (p<0,33) in the tumor weight. Spearman correlation study significantly (p=0,03) indicated that there was a positive correlation between the cell proliferation activity and the growth of the tumor but in a weak correlation (r=0,39). Therefore, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) can inhibit the growth rate of tumor volume as well as the proliferation activity of the breast cancer cell of C3H mice and it worked optimally at 30 mg/kg BB dose.]