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"Latar belakang: Penyebab stunting bersifat multifaktorial, salah satu faktor risikonya adalah malnutrisi kronis akibat kurangnya asupan protein. Kurangnya asupan protein dapat menyebabkan terjadi penurunan IGF-1, yaitu salah satu faktor pertumbuhan penting dalam pembangunan sel tubuh. IGF-1 juga memiliki peran dalam perkembangan kompleks dentoalveolar, terutama pada enamel, akar gigi, dentin, ligamen periodontal, dan jaringan pulpa gigi. Perlu dianalisis apakah gangguan perkembangan kompleks dentoalveolar akibat penuruan kadar IGF-1 pada anak stunting juga mempengaruhi waktu erupsi gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar IGF-1 dengan waktu erupsi gigi pada anak stunting. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan dengan menggunakan pedoman alur Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) pada tiga electronic database, yaitu PubMed, EBSCO, dan Scopus. Penilaian kualitas literatur dilakukan dengan menggunakan QUADAS-2. Hasil: Terdapat 5 studi yang terpilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar IGF-1 lebih rendah pada anak stunting dibandingkan dengan kelompok anak normal. Hal ini disebabkan karena kadar IGF-1 dalam darah dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya yaitu nutrisi, status gizi, dan usia. IGF-1 yang rendah pada anak stunting berpotensi menyebabkan keterlambatan waktu erupsi gigi karena mengganggu mekanisme persinyalan molekul selama erupsi gigi, seperti BMP-2, Runx-2, dan TGF-. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif antara kadar IGF-1 yang rendah dengan erupsi gigi pada anak stunting. Ekspresi IGF-1 yang rendah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan waktu erupsi gigi karena mengganggu proses maturasi gigi.

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Background: The causes of stunting are multifactorial, one of the risk factors causing stunting is chronic malnutrition due to lack of protein intake. Lack of protein intake can cause the decrease of IGF-1 level, which is one of the important growth factor supporting the growth and development of somatic cells. Furthermore, IGF-1 also has a role in the development of the dentoalveolar complex, especially enamel, tooth roots, dentin, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp tissues. It should be clarified whether the disturbances of dentoalveolar complex development due to decreased IGF-1 level in the stunted children would also affect the eruption time of the dentition. Objective: To analyze the relationship between IGF-1 level and the timing of tooth eruption in stunted children. Methods: Literature researches were done by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines through three electronic databases, which were PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus. Quality assessment of bias was examined using QUADAS-2 tool. Results: There were 5 selected studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study showed that IGF-1 levels were lower in stunted children compared to normal children. The influencing factors of the level of IGF-1 in the blood, are nutritional status and age. Low level of IGF-1 in stunted children has the potential to cause delays in the timing of tooth eruption, by interrupting the activity of BMP-2, Runx-2, and TGF-β. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between low IGF-1 level and the timing of tooth eruption in stunted children. Low IGF-1 expression can cause disturbances in the timing of tooth eruption because it interferes with the dental maturity process."

"Latar Belakang: Kejadian stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan standar yang ditetapkan oleh World Health Organization (WHO). Menurut beberapa penelitian terdahulu, stunting dapat menyebabkan kelainan email dan keterlambatan erupsi gigi permanen. Telah dilaporkan adanya hubungan antara status gizi stunting dengan penurunan kadar IGF-1, serta hubungan antara kadar IGF-1 dengan pertumbuhan gigi terkait dengan perkembangan email dan erupsi gigi. Pengukuran kadar IGF-1 biasanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan IGF-1 darah. Diketahui bahwa saliva mengandung biomarker yang terkandung di dalam darah, termasuk IGF-1, dalam kuantitas yang lebih rendah. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar IGF-1 saliva dengan kelainan email dan waktu erupsi gigi pada anak stunting usia 6-8 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi laboratorium dengan menggunakan 40 sampel saliva yang diambil dari sediaan biologis tersimpan dari penelitian tahun 2019 pada populasi siswa/i sekolah dasar (SD) kelas 1-2 Kecamatan Nangapanda, Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur yang telah dikelompokkan berdasarkan status gizi stunting dan normal. Sampel saliva diuji menggunakan ELISA kit human IGF-1 untuk melihat kadar IGF-1. Kelainan email dinilai dengan cara menghitung jumlah gigi yang mengalami kelainan pada mahkota serta waktu erupsi gigi dinilai dengan menghitung jumlah gigi permanen yang telah erupsi. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil: Kadar IGF-1 saliva pada anak status gizi normal 7,50 ng/ml dan pada anak stunting 5,64 ng/ml. Proporsi IGF-1 terhadap total protein pada anak status gizi normal 1,04×10-2 dan pada anak stunting 8,96×10-3. Rata-rata jumlah gigi yang mengalami kelainan mahkota pada anak berstatus gizi normal 2,94 gigi dan pada anak dengan status gizi stunting 1,17 gigi. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada jumlah gigi dengan kelainan mahkota antara anak bestatus gizi normal dan stunting (p < 0,05). Rata-rata jumlah erupsi gigi permanen pada anak berstatus gizi normal 8,29 gigi dan pada anak stunting adalah 8,04 gigi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan jumlah erupsi gigi permanen antara anak berstatus gizi normal dan berstatus stunting (p > 0,05). Terdapat korelasi positif lemah yang tidak signifikan antara kadar IGF-1 dengan status gizi anak usia 6-8 tahun (r = 0,147), korelasi positif lemah yang tidak signifikan antara kadar IGF-1 dengan jumlah kelainan mahkota gigi anak usia 6-8 tahun (r = 0,219), terdapat korelasi positif lemah yang tidak signifikan antar kadar IGF-1 dengan jumlah erupsi gigi permanen anak usia 6-8 tahun (r = 0,074). Kesimpulan: Pada anak stunting usia 6-8 tahun yang secara tidak signifikan memiliki kadar IGF-1 saliva lebih rendah dan waktu erupsi lebih lambat dibandingkan anak normal tetapi erlihat frekuensi kelainan email yang lebih tinggi. Pada kelompok sampel demikian, tidak terlihat hubungan antara kadar IGF-1 saliva dengan kelainan email dan keterlambatan waktu erupsi gigi permanen.

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Background: The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is still relatively high when compared to the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to several previous studies, stunting can cause enamel defects and delayed tooth eruption. It has been reported that there is a relationship between stunting nutritional status and decreased IGF-1 levels, as well as a relationship between IGF-1 levels to enamel development and tooth eruption. Measurement of IGF-1 levels is usually done using serum IGF-1. Saliva contains biomarkers that is circulating in the blood, including IGF-1, but in much lower quantities. Objective: Analyzing the relationship between IGF-1 levels in saliva with enamel defects and the time of tooth eruption in stunted children aged 6-8 years. Method: This research was a laboratory observation study using 40 saliva samples taken from stored biological samples from a 2019 study on a population of elementary school students class 1-2 Nangapanda District, Ende, East Nusa Tenggara which has been grouped based on stunting and normal nutritional status. Saliva samples were tested using the human IGF-1 ELISA kit to see the levels of IGF-1. Enamel defects were assessed by counting the number of teeth with crown defects and the time of tooth eruption was assessed by counting the number of erupted permanent teeth. The data were then analyzed using the SPSS software. Result: Salivary IGF-1 levels in children with normal nutritional status were 7.50 ng/ml and 5.64 ng/ml in stunted children. The proportion of IGF-1 to total protein in children with normal nutritional status was 1.04×10-2 and in stunted children was 8.96×10-3. The average number of teeth with crown defects in children with normal nutritional status was 2.94 teeth and in stuntedchildren was 1.17 teeth. There was a significant difference in the number of teeth with crown defects between normal and stunted children (p < 0.05). The average number of permanent tooth eruptions in children with normal nutritional status was 8.29 teeth and in stunted children was 8.04 teeth. There was no significant difference in the number of permanent tooth eruptions in children with normal nutritional status and stunting (p > 0.05). There was a weak positive correlation that was not significant between IGF-1 levels and the nutritional status of children aged 6-8 years (r = 0.147), a weak positive correlation that was not significant between IGF-1 levels and the number of dental crown defects (r = 0.219), and a correlation between IGF-1 levels and the number of permanent teeth eruption (r = 0.074). Conclusion: Stunted children aged 6-8 years old tend to show not significant lower IGF-1 level and delayed tooth eruption compared to normal children but had significant lower frequency of enamel defect. In such samples no significant relationship between salivary IGF-1 level and tooth eruption time could be seen."