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Abstrak :
Jembatan bentang panjang mempunyai perilaku kompleks apabila terkena gempa khususnya pada saat konstruksi sedang dilaksanakan. Pada penelitian ini, Jembatan Kabel Suramadu dipilih untuk menyajikan perilaku jembatan cable-stayed pada setiap tahapan konstruksi yang berjumlah 89 tahapan. Jembatan ditinjau pada 10 tahapan kritis yaitu tahapan ke-4, 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 74, dan 89 (lengkap).Rekaman gempa terletak pada sepasang gempa arah memanjang struktur jembatan akan dikenai gempa timur - barat (gempa transversal) dan arah melintang struktur jembatan akan dikenai gempa utara - selatan (arah longitudinal) secara terpisah di sekitar Selat Madura yaitu Gempa Banyuwangi (23 Maret 2011), Gempa Jember (14 Februari 2011), dan Gempa Nusadua (18 Maret 2009). Analisis riwayat waktu dan respon spektrum menggunakan perbedaan ketiga elemen pada kabel yaitu elemen truss tension-only, cable linier (equivalent truss element), dan cable nonlinier (catenary cable element). Peninjauan nodal terletak pada pertemuan kabel-menara dan pertemuan kabel-gelagar sedangkan, peninjauan elemen terletak pada kiri dan kanan menara. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan kandungan frekuensi jembatan, periode alami struktur, respon perpindahan, gaya dalam aksial kabel, gaya dalam momen dan geser arah Z pada gelagar, dan tegangan normal kabel. ...... Long-span bridge has a complex behavior when exposed to the earthquake, especially when the construction is being carried out. In this study, Suramadu Cable Bridge chosen to present the behavior of cable-stayed bridge at each stage of construction totaling 89 stages. Bridges are reviewed at ten critical stages. These stages are 4th, 9th, 18th, 27th, 36th, 45th, 54th, 63rd, 74th, and 89th stage (final stage). Recorded earthquake the located on longitudinal direction of the bridge structure will be east - west earthquake (transverse earthquake) and the transverse direction of the bridge structure will be given north - south (longitudinal direction) earthquake separately around the Madura Strait those are Banyuwangi earthquake (March 23, 2011), Jember earthquake (February 14, 2011), and Nusadua earthquake (March 18, 2009). Time history and response spectrum analysis is done by using three different elements on the cable. Those are tension-only truss elements, linear cable (equivalent truss element), and the nonlinear cable (catenary cable element). The review of nodal located in joint tower-cable and joint cable-girder while the review of the element located on the left side and right side of the tower. The results of the study resulted in the bridge's frequency content, the natural period of the structure, the displacement response, axial force in the cable, moment and shear force in the Z direction on the girder, and the normal cable stress.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghindari terjadinya kegagalan struktur jembatan selama tahap konstruksi, terutama akibat gempa. Jembatan kabel Suramadu yang memiliki bentang utama 818 meter dengan 89 tahap konstruksi, dipengaruhi oleh tiga rekaman gempa berbeda, yaitu gempa Banyuwangi Maret 2011, gempa jember Februari 2011, dan gempa Nusadua September 2009. Analisis riwayat waktu dilakukan agar diperoleh respon struktur dari detik ke detik selama gempa berlansung. Analisis displacement, tegangan pada gelagar, gaya kabel, dan pengaruh rasio redaman struktur, dilakukan pada setiap tahapan konstruksi dan dievaluasi sesuai dengan persyaratan dan peraturan yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon gempa pada struktur jembatan atas tidak hanya bergantung pada karakteristik dari rekaman gempa yaitu durasi, kandungan frekuensi, percepatan tanah maksimum (PGA), akan tetapi juga bergantung pada karakteristik struktur yaitu massa, kekakuan, dan redaman.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to avoid bridge structure failure during the construction stages, primarily due to earthquake. Suramadu cable-stayed bridge which has main spans 818 m with 89 stages of construction was studied to 3 different earthquakes, namely Banyuwangi earthquake March 2011, Jember earthquake February 2011, and Nusadua earthquake September 2009. Time history analysis was carried out in order to obtain responses of the structure anytime during the earthquake occurred. Analysis of displacement, stress on the girder, cable forces, and also influence of structural damping ratio, was performed at each stage of construction and was evaluated in accordance with the existing requirements and appropriate regulations. The results showed that the seismic responses of upper bridge structures depends not only on the characteristics of earthquake records, namely duration, frequency content, and maximum ground acceleration (PGA), but also on the structural characteristics, namely mass, stiffness, and damping.