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Abstrak :
Local Birocracy Performance on The Controlling and to Meassures Forest and Land Fires (Case Study : at Pontianak and Sambas Districts West Kalimantan Province) Forestry sectors has been playing important role on economics at West Kalimantan is 23,68% (BPS,2000). Forest in this province is categorized as protection forests, wildlife sanctuary, national park, limited production forest, production forest and converted areas, totally number 9,030 acre. Those natural resources is needs to be maintain and to preserve. Forest and land fires is one of the cause of deforestation, often resulting in loss on several dimensions:such as economics, environmental, ecological, and social. According to Directorate Protection of Forestry Department (1998) in 1997 26.590,36 acres forest and land were on fires.This number included production forest 23.811 acres, ,wildlife sanctuary 1,378 acres. At national level West Kalimantan was on the third rank largest areas loss due to fire. Local birocracy issued a policy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. The policy carried out through institutions that were inter-related local birocracy. Institutions whose have responsibilities and duties in solving and handling the fires problems. Nonetheles, those institutions have not perform optimal yet in controlling and to measures, as much as expected. Therefore we need to study the main cause of non optimal performance institutions on local birocracy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.This problem emerges research quoctions: In which inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan? How does local birocracy perform in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan? What are the component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan? The aim of this research are: Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan. Local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan. The component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan. This study refered to organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes, and facilities as supporting element on local birocracy performance. Input elements are organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. Those inputs later on became variables, which indicate local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. This research used survey method by using secondary data. Generally,this research used analytical descriptive methods and using ex post facto. In order to analyze raw data, this research used scaling techniques. Refers to goal achivement on each variables, the point of view of analysis is to know about performance of local birocracy at two districts; Pontianak and Sambas. The conclusions could be drawn from this research are: Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan. Local birocracy performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan in Pontianak districts categorized less succes; whereas at Sambas districts, performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan categorized not success and at Dinas Pertanian and Kehutanan less success in in controlling and to measures forest and land fires 3_ Component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. There are no decreasing number in forest and land fires and hotspots on 2002 mean vulnerability for forest and land fires in West Kalimantan province still high.

Abstrak :
Kabut asap telah menjadi momok yang sangat merugikan banyak pihak. Kerugian materiil maupun immateriil yang diderita begitu masif dan timbul dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Menariknya belum pernah ada gugatan terhadap kerugian akibat kabut asap di pengadilan Indonesia. Alasannya sederhana, karena kausalitas kabut asap dengan kerugian yang dialami korban sulit dibuktikan apabila merujuk pada ketentuan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia saat ini, termasuk dengan teori kausalitas yang dianut. Skripsi ini hendak menjawab pertanyaan sederhana, dengan perkembangan teori kausalitas dalam ilmu hukum apakah kerugian akibat kabut asap dapat dibuktikan di pengadilan? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perbandingan. Penelitian ini menuai hasil yang cukup positif di mana terdapat doktrin market share liability yang dapat mengakomodir pembuktian kausalitas kabut asap, baik dari segi hukum materiil maupun segi hukum formil di Indonesia. Namun pada akhirnya tetap diperlukan keterbukaan dari hakim untuk membangun logika hukum berdasarkan nilai-nilai kebenaran dan keadilan, yang dalam pandangan penulis dapat diakomodir melalui penerapan doktrin market share liability untuk membuktikan kausalitas terhadap kerugian akibat kabut asap. ...... Haze has become very detrimental scourge to many parties. Both material dan immaterial losses suffered are massive and arise in a long period of time. Interestingly, there has never been a lawsuit against haze in Indonesian courts. The reason is simply because proof of causation based on losses suffered by the victim from haze is very difficult to prove if one refer to laws recognized in Indonesia, including the embraced theory of causation. This undergraduate thesis wants to answer a simple question, with the development of theory of causation in jurisprudence, is it possible to prove causation based on losses from haze in courts The research method used in this thesis is a normative juridical research with conceptual approach and comparative approach. This research reaping positive results in which theory of market share liability could accommodate the proof of causation of haze, both in terms of material law and procedural law aspects recognized in Indonesia. In the end it still takes the open minded judge to build legal logic based on the value of justice and fairness, which in my point of view could be accomodated by applying market share liability doctrine as a proof of causation of loss from haze.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi terus berulangnya kejadian kebakaran hutan di Indonesia yang hampir terjadi setiap tahun. Padahal sumberdaya hutan memiliki keterkaitaan yang erat dengan kinerja, perekonomian, kualitas ekologi, dan ketergantungan sosial. Untuk itu perlu diketahui dampak sesungguhnya kebakaran hutan agar perencanaan dan pengambilan kebijakan didalam pengendalian kebakaran hutan yang terarah, fokus dan tepat pada permasalahan. Dengan pendekatan Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi (SNSE) atau Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), keterkaitan antar sektor ekonomi dapat dijelaskan dampak melalui aliran uang yang terjadi. Oleh karena itu, dampak kebakaran hutan terhadap distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga, perusahaan, dan pemerintah yang menjadi tujuan penelitian ini dapat diketahui. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pengganda neraca, diketahui bahwa untuk setiap hektar kebakaran hutan akan menurunkan output produksi Rp. 128.61 juta dan menurunkan pendapatan faktor produksi (factorial income) sebesar Rp. 62.94 juta per hektar kebakaran. Penurunan output dan pendapatan faktor produksi akibat kebakaran hutan ternyata berdampak menurunkan pendapatan institusi rumah tangga (households income) sebesar Rp. 45.48 juta, perusahaan (private income) sebesar Rp. 20.42 juta, dan pemerintah (government income) sebesar Rp. 11.54 juta untuk setiap hektar kejadian. Dengan demikian, rumah tangga adalah komponen institusi yang paling merasakan dampak kebakaran hutan yang tercermin dari besarnya penurunan pendapatan. Secara keseluruhan, kerugian ekonomi yang diakibatkan oleh kebakaran hutan terhadap penurunan pendapatan faktor produksi, institusi, dan sektor produksi (output) adalah sebesar Rp. 269.00 juta tiap hektar kejadian kebakaran. Rata-rata penurunan pendapatan yang diderita oleh setiap orang akibat kebakaran hutan pada tahun 2000 adalah Rp. 3,868 per kapita.. Pada tahun 2001 penurunan pendapatan yang diderita menjadi Rp. 18,105 per kapita. Sedangkan di tahun 2002, pengurangan pendapatan sebesar Rp. 44,186 per kapita. Dengan demikian terjadi peningkatan kerugian pendapatan per kapita selama periode tahun 2000-2002 akibat kebakaran hutan. Dari hasil analisis jalur struktural, teridentifikasi bahwa jalur-jalur utama yang dilalui dampak kebakaran hutan adalah sektor perkebunan dan sektor-sektor yang berbasiskan pertanian dan pedesaan. Mengingat besarnya kerugian ekonomi yang diderita sebagai dampak dari kebakaran hutan, maka jumlah dan penyediaan anggaran yang terkait dengan upaya pencegahan dan pemadaman kebakaran hutan haruslah jelas dan memiliki dasar. Hasil penelitian ini yang menunjukkan total kerugian kebakaran hutan sebesar Rp. 269.00 juta tiap hektarnya, dapat dijadikan landasan untuk pengalokasian anggaran baik oleh pemerintah maupun swasta pemegang hak konsesi. Disamping itu, nilai kerugian ini, dapat pula dijadikan acuan didalam penentuan ganti rugi terhadap pelaku pembakaran hutan.