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"Transformator daya memiliki peranan penting dalam sistem transmisi energi listrik. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menurunkan efisiensi pada sistem transmisi energi listrik adalah adanya susut transmisi. Efisiensi dapat ditingkatkan dengan menurunkan rugi-rugi pada transformator daya. Rugi-rugi pada transformator terdiri dari rugi tanpa beban, rugi berbeban, dan rugi tambahan. Pengaruh terbesar yang menentukan rugi-rugi pada transformator adalah karakteristik material yang digunakan transformator itu sendiri. Agar mendapatkan efisiensi yang maksimum, maka diperlukan optimasi material pada transformator untuk mendapatkan rugi-rugi terendah. Studi dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran rugi-rugi pada transformator daya 60 MVA 150/20 kV dengan spesifikasi yang sudah ditentukan. Selanjutnya material transformator diganti menjadi beberapa jenis dan dilakukan perhitungan ruginya. Hasil perhitungan akan dibandingkan untuk mendapatkan material yang paling efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perhitungan rugi tanpa beban, kelas material inti dengan nilai rugi inti terendah adalah NK E-core sebesar 0,49 Watt/kg. Sedangkan dalam perhitungan rugi berbeban, tipe material konduktor dengan nilai rugi terendah adalah CTC. 

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The power transformer has an important role in the transmission system. One factor that can reduce efficiency in transmission system is the transmission loss. Efficiency can be increased by reducing losses in the power transformer. Losses to the transformer consist of no-load losses, load losses, and auxiliary power losses. The biggest influence determining the losses on the transformer is the material characteristics used by the transformer itself. To get maximum efficiency, it is necessary to optimize the material on the transformer to get the lowest losses. The study was conducted by measuring the losses on the 60 MVA 150/20 kV power transformer with the specified specifications. Furthermore, the transformer material is changed into several types and the losses calculation is done. The calculation results will be compared to get the most effective material. The result showed that in the calculation of no-load losses, the core material class with the lowest core loss value is NK E-core of 0,49 Watt/kg. While the calculation of load losses, the winding material type with the lowest loss value is CTC."

"This Green Book offers the outstanding expertise of CIGRE professionals about Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in one concise handbook. FACTS are used to enhance AC power networks, by providing fast control of power flows and AC voltage and AC phase angles. They can be used to defer the need for additional power lines, by controlling the power flow on lines to achieve maximum utilisation of the existing lines, and/or by improving the power quality, e.g. when large disturbing loads are connected to the network.

This Green Book on FACTS provides comprehensive information about the use of Power Electronics for AC system control and for Power Quality Improvement in its over 1000 pages. This book has been written by experts in the field, who come from Transmission System Operators, Network owners, manufacturers, and consultants in this field.

This Green Book on FACTS covers a large range of topics in its 6 sections, as follows:

1. AC Systems Characteristics, AC network control using conventional means and AC network control using FACTS Controllers

2. Technical Descriptions of all current FACTS controllers, power electronic Topologies for FACTS, SVCs, STATCOM, TCSC and the UPFC and its variations

3. Application Examples of all FACTS controllers, which include a description of controllers using saturation of iron as well as examples of all current FACTS controllers

4. Planning and Procurement, including economic appraisals and cost benefit analysis, planning studies, environmental considerations, functional specifications

5. Implementation of FACTS controllers, including integration and design studies, equipment design and testing and commissioning

6. FACTS operation and lifetime management."