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"Latar Belakang: Identifikasi risiko mortalitas pasien non bedah yang masuk ke ruang gawat darurat sangat penting dilakukan karena banyaknya pasien yang datang dengan berat penyakit bervariasi. Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) dikembangkan untuk memprediksi mortalitas pasien secara cepat sehingga dapat membantu dokter membuat keputusan klinis berdasarkan data yang objektif. Perbedaan karakteristik pasien di Indonesia dapat memengaruhi performa skor tersebut, sehingga perlu dilakukan validasi sebelum sistem skor tersebut digunakan. Tujuan: Menilai performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi REMS dalam memprediksi mortalitas pasien gawat darurat non bedah di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (IGD RSCM). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif dengan subjek pasien non bedah yang masuk ke IGD RSCM pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2012. Usia, suhu tubuh, mean arterial pressure, denyut jantung, frekuensi pernapasan, saturasi oksigen perifer, dan Glasgow coma scale dinilai saat pasien masuk ke IGD untuk penilaian REMS. Luaran dinilai saat pasien keluar dari RSCM (hidup atau meninggal). Performa kalibrasi dinilai dengan plot kalibrasi dan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow. Performa diskriminasi dinilai dengan area under the curve (AUC). Hasil: Sebanyak 815 pasien non bedah masuk ke IGD RSCM selama penelitian. Terdapat 741 (90,9%) pasien yang berhasil diikuti sampai terjadi luaran dengan angka mortalitas sebanyak 145 pasien (19,57%). Plot kalibrasi REMS menunjukkan koefisien korelasi r = 0,913 dan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow menunjukkan p = 0,665. Performa diskriminasi ditunjukkan dengan nilai AUC 0,77 (IK 95% 0,723; 0,817). Simpulan: Rapid Emergency Medicine Score memiliki performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang baik untuk memprediksi mortalitas pasien non bedah yang masuk ke IGD RSCM.

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Background: Identifying the mortality risk of nonsurgical emergency department (ED) patients is essential as a consequence of increasing number of attendence with diverse severity of disease. Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) was developed to predict patient?s mortality rapidly, therefore it can help doctors to make clinical decision based on objective data. Difference in characteristic of patients in Indonesia may influence the score?s performance, therefore validation of REMS is needed before applying this scoring system in Indonesia.

Objective: To evaluate calibration and discrimination of REMS in predicting mortality of nonsurgical ED patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of nonsurgical patients who attended to ED of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in October-December 2012. Age, body temperature, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and Glasgow coma scale were obtained when the patient was arrived at emergency room to perform the calculation of REMS. Outcome was assessed when patients were discharge from the hospital (alive or dead). Calibration was evaluated with calibration plot and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Discrimination was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC).

Results: A total of 815 nonsurgical patients attended to ED of Cipto Mangunkusmo Hospital during the study. As many as 741 (90.9%) patients were followed through the outcome. Mortality was observed in 145 patients (19.57%). Calibration plot of REMS showed r = 0.913 and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed p = 0.665. Discrimination was shown by ROC curve with AUC 0.77 (95% CI 0.723; 0.817).

Conclusion: Rapid Emergency Medicine Score showed a good calibration and discrimination in predicting mortality of nonsurgical emergency department patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital."

"Kegawat daruratan sistem respirasi pada anak merupakan kondisi yang mengancam nyawa. Penatalaksanaan yang cepat dan tepat dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhanoksigenasi. Pemberian asuhan keperawatan secara komprehensif dibutuhkan untuk mengoptimalkan proses tumbuh kembang yang dialami pasien anak. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah menggambarkan aplikasi teori Caring Swanson dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan anak dengan kegawat daruratan respirasi. Lima proses Caring Swanson yaitu knowing, enabling-empower-ing, doing for,dan maintaining belief dalam mengelola lima kasus terpilih anak dengan kegawat daruratan respirasi.Hasil dari penerapan teori Caring Swanson yaitu pasien dilakukan pengkajian secara komprehensif. Teori Caring Swanson merupakan dasar bagi perawat dalam menerapkan proses keperawatan, teori ini juga dapat memfasilitasi teori keperawatan lain yang menjelaskan secara spesifik tahapan dalam proses keperawatan. Penerapan penandaan tempat tidur pasien di ruang emergensi merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat mempermudah mengidentifikasi pasien anak. Identifikasi pasien secara mudah dapat mempercepat penatalaksanaan dan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pasien.

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Emergency respiratory system in children is a life-threat ening condition. Fast and appropriate management is needed tofulfill theoxygenation needs. The provision of comprehensive nursing care is needed to optimize the growth process experienced bypediatric patients. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to describe the application of Caring Swanson's theory in providing child care with emergency respiration. The five processes of Caring Swanson are knowing, enabling-empowering,doing for, and maintaining belief in managing five selected cases of children withemergency respiration. The results of applying the theory of Caring Swanson, namely patients carried out a comprehensive study. Swanson's Caring theory is the basis fornurses in applying the nursing process, this theory can also facilitate other nursingtheories that explain specifically the stage in the nursing process. The application of patient bed markings in the emergency room is one way that can facilitate identifyingpediatric patients. Patient identification can easily accelerate management and improvethe quality of services provided to patients."

"Medical emergencies and resuscitation in the dental practice : an overviewResuscitation equipment in the dental practiceRecognition of the sick patient : the ABCDE approachRespiratory disordersCardiac disordersNeurological disordersEndocrine disordersAnaphylaxisCardiopulmonary resuscitation in the dental practiceAirway management and ventilationAutomated external defibrillationPaediatric emergenciesProfessional and legal issues /​ Richard Griffith."

"Describes all aspects of the management of cardiopulmonary arrest in adults and children. The management of life-threatening cardiac emergencies, including myocardial infarction and various arrhythmias is also described in detail"

"This is the first comprehensive study guide covering all aspects of pediatric critical care medicine. It fills a void that exists in learning resources currently available to pediatric critical care practitioners. The major textbooks are excellent references, but do not allow concise reading on specific topics and are not intended to act as both text and study guide. There are also several handbooks available, but these are usually written for general pediatric residents and lack the advanced physiology and pathophysiology required for the higher level pediatric critical care practitioner"