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"ABSTRACTThis research aims at proposing a model for designing English for specific purposes (ESP) courses appropriate for Indonesian universities. The model is formulated on the basis of the results of a survey on two research questions: what are the stakeholders' opinions on the needs to the ESP course at universities and how far have the ESP theories been implemented in designing ESP courses at universities? The survey was conducted at three universities, University of Indonesia (UI), Padjadjaran University (UNPAD), and Andalas University (UNAND). The survey involved groups of respondents from three different departments of each university: International Law, Chemistry, and Economics. The total number of each group of the respondents was: 320 students taking ESP courses, 11 ESP lecturers, 9 senior lecturers, and 9 heads of the departments. Besides, 7 experts in the teaching of English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesia who are particularly interested in ESP programs and designing curricula and syllabi were also involved as respondents. The data were collected through questionnaires (for students), interviews (for other respondents), and document analyses. The results of the data analysis show that the most important skill to develop and to be the focus in ESP courses at the three departments is reading comprehension skills for academic purposes. Other English skills and knowledge of vocabulary and grammar should be taught integratively with the reading skill. This skill should be the main concern of the lecturers of ESP courses. In reality, the objectives formulated for some courses did not characterize that they were ESP courses, but general English. The data analysis also shows that the ESP theories have never been adequately implemented. The lecturers responsible for the ESP courses were mostly untrained and unprofessional teachers. A great number of the ESP lecturers were not English teachers, but subject-matter teachers who did not realize the main and specific objective of the ESP courses. Besides, other groups of stakeholders have never been involved in designing the ESP courses. On the basis of the analysis presented above, the researcher proposes a model called Collective Collaboration Model in designing ESP courses for Indonesian universities. This model shows that there are several phases to follow in designing an ESP course involving intensive and mutual collaboration among different parties of the stakeholders. They are the ESP teachers, ESP its, subject-matter experts, heads of the departments, students, and the users of the graduates. For a long-team improvement, designing the ESP courses should not be the responsibility of an ESP teacher alone, but together with the other stakeholders in a particular collective collaboration forum. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh TK Negeri Pembina Tingkat Nasional dalam peningkatan kualitas pendidikan yang diberikan. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan didasarkan pada Standar Pendidikan Usia Dini yang meliputi standar tingkat pencapaian perkembangan, standar pendidik dan tenaga pendidikan, standar isi, proses dan penilaian, dan standar sarana dan prasarana, pengelolaan dan pembiayaan. Untuk memenuhi standar tersebut, TK Negeri Pembina menerapkan strategi dari bidang sumber daya manusia, strategi manajemen pengelolaan dan strategi dalam bidang sarana dan prasarana. TK Negeri Pembina juga menghadapi berbagai macam hambatan dari pelaksanaan peningkatan kualitas yang diterapkan serta adanya manfaat yang bisa dirasakan baik bagi TK Negeri Pembina sendiri yaitu Kepala Sekolah, guru maupun staf tata usaha dan juga bagi anak didik dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dimana informasi yang diperoleh berdasarkan dari hasil wawancara yang didukung dari buku-buku dan studi kepustakaan. Wawancara yang digunakan merupakan wawancara semi terstruktur yang menggunakan pedoman wawancara untuk menggali informasi yang diperlukan penulis.

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This thesis discusses the efforts made by the TK Negeri Pembina Tingkat Nasional in improving the quality of education provided. Efforts are made based on Early Childhood Education Standards which include the achievement of developmental standards, educators and educational standards, content standards, and assessment processes, and standards of facilities and infrastructure, management and financing. To meet these standards, TK Negeri Pembina to implement the strategy of human resources, strategic management and strategic management in the areas of facilities and infrastructure. TK Negeri Pembina Tingkat Nasional also face numerous obstacles from the implementation of quality improvement is implemented and the benefits that can be felt both the TK Negeri Pembina itself is of State School Principals, teachers and administrative staff and also for students and the community. This study used a qualitative approach which is based on information obtained from interviews supported the results from the books and literary study. Interviews used a semi-structured interviews using an interview guide for authors explore the necessary information."