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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Trauma gigi adalah masalah kesehatan yang perlu ditanggulangi.Data epidemiologi trauma gigi di Indonesia belum ditemukan. Tujuan: Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi trauma gigi permanen anterior padaanak sekolah dasar. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desaincross sectional yang dilakukan pada 500 anak usia 8-12 tahun. Hasil: Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa trauma gigi terjadi dua kali lebih sering pada anak laki-laki usia9 tahun yang melibatkan gigi permanen insisif sentral maksila kanan dan biasanyaterjadi di lingkungan rumah akibat aktivitas fisik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dental trauma is health problems that have to be solved. Epidemiologydata of dental trauma in Indonesia has not been determined. Aim: The aim of thisreseach was to determine the distribution frequency of traumatic permanent anteriorteeth on elementary school student. Method: The method of this research wasdescriptive with cross sectional design, which has been done on 500 children aged 8-12 years old. Result: Result showed that dental trauma in children is two times morecommon in boys aged 9 years, involving the permanent maxillary right central incisorand usually caused of physical activity around the house."

"Many factors have been found to be related to the timing of the eruption of permanent teeth in a population, e.g. racial composition, sex, climate and socio economic condition. The aim of the study is to compare the ages of eruption of permanent teeth in children with and without undernutrition problems. A number of 1216 school children aged 5-14 years selected from 5 underdeveloped villages in Kabupaten Serang and Pandeglang were taken as subjects. A tooth was considered to have erupted if any part of the crown had penetrated the gingiva. Undernutrition was assessed as such if the score of height-for-aged was less than 70% of median WHO-NCHS standard. The study found that 34,4% of the subjects had under nutrition problems and the average time of eruption of all upper and lower teeth of the boys and girls without undernutrition (normal) were significantly faster compare to that of boys and girls having undernutrition (p<0.001). Teeth eruption in boys with undernutrition problem were slower than that of the girls. Conclusion: Further study is recommended since undernutrition problems were important factors which may influence the time of tooth eruption in Indonesian children."

"The objective of this research was to know the difference of Compomer (Dyract, Dentsplay) penetration in dentin of primary and permanent teeth after applied by Non-Rinse Conditioner (NRC). The samples were observed by Scanning Electron Inicroscopy = SEM (1200 X mag) and the length of Compomer penetration in dentin tubules after applied by non-rinse conditioner were measured. T test showed that Compomer penetration in primary teeth was shorter compared to permanent teeth (t=3.474, p=0.001)."

"Phosphoric acid etching has been widely used to achieve a strong andlong lasting mechanical bonding between composite resin restorationand tooth structure. The bond strength between the composite resinrestoration and the enamel of permanent teeth can be measured by theshear bond strength of the composite resin restoration. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the bond strength between the enamel ofpermanent teeth and the composite resin restoration by measuring theshear bond strength after different durations of etching. In total 27premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups where the enamel of thebuccal surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 5″, 15″, and25″ before placing the composite resin restoration. After keeping theteeth inside an incubator for 24 hours, the shear bond strength wasmeasured using a universal testing machine Shimazu AG-5000 at acrosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. ANOVA was used for statisticalanalysis of the results, with p<0.05 assumed to imply significance.The mean shear bond strength after etching for 5″, 15″, and 25″ was16.1 MPa, 17.3 MPa and 19.0 MPa, respectively. The results of ANOVA showed significant difference between the 3 groups. However, subsequent Tukey test showed significant difference between 5″ and 25″ of etching (p<0.05), but no significant difference between between the 5″ and 15″ groups nor between the 15″ and 25″ groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Shear bond strength of the composite resin on the permanent teeth enamel increased with increasing etching time. Significant difference was showed between 5″ and 25″ of etching time."