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Abstrak :
The cytokines affecting periapical bone lesion have been reviewed for current understanding of the mechanisms and mediators involved. Periapical bone lesions can result from dental disease that spreads into the root canal and expands to the surrounding periapical tissue. This will create periradicular tissue inflammation, where cells like monocytes, PMNs and lymphocytes regulate and are regulated by cytokines responsible for inflammation. Periapical bone resorption can be caused by inflammation, by cytokines including IL-1, MMP-8, GM-CSF. Measuring of level MMP-8s from root-canal exudates during endodontic treatment could be used as a biochemical indicator of the inflammatory status of the periapical tissue. In addition, various cytokines such as TGF-B1, IL-6, IL-10 promote bone proliferation. The variance in cytokine receptor expressions may explain the selective recruitment in the infiltration of inflammatory cells at the local inflammation site. Cytokines, each having their own duty, are key mediators of periapical bone resorption that still needs to be investigated in detail.

Abstrak :
Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 266-271 Traumatic injury of the teeth occurs frequently on anterior and posterior teeth. Pulp necrosis is often the frequent sequel of trauma and it will lead to development of periapical lesion in the presence of pathogenic microorganism. Two cases of periapical lesion reported here were caused by occlusal trauma. It is still controversial whether a case of large periapical lesion should be treated conventionally or surgically. This cases was treated non surgically and it was proved that this kind of treatment could promote large apical healing succesfully.

Abstrak :
Profil mikroorganisme dalam saluran akar dengan kelainan periapikal. Berbagai mikroorganisme merupakan agen penyebab terjadinya periodontitis apikalis. Mikroorganisme yang menginfeksi sistem saluran akar berkoloni membentuk suatu komunitas biofilm. Jumlah komunitas bakteri ini menunjukkan pola khusus yang terkait dengan bentuk periodontitis apikalis yang terjadi. Tujuan: Melakukan pemeriksaan mikroorganisme di saluran akar gigi anterior atas dengan periodontitis apikalis dan abses apikalis kronis. Metode: Sampel didapat dari pasien yang dirawat di Departemen Endodontik Rumah Sakit Gigi Mulut Universitas Hassanuddin selama Juli-September 2013. Sampel periodontitis apikalis asimtomatis dikumpulkan dari 16 pasien berusia antara 17-40 tahun dan sampel abses apikal kronis didapat dari 36 pasien berusia 18-50 tahun. Identifikasi jenis mikroorganisme dilakukan dengan metode kultur. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri yang mendominasi periodontitis apikalis asimtomatis adalah Porphyromonas spp, sedangkan dalam abses apikalis kronis, Streptococcus spp dan Porphyromonas spp mempunyai frekuensi yang sama. Oleh karena itu, Porphyromonas spp mempunyai peran dominan dalam periodontitis apikalis dan abses apikalis kronis. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi bakteri yang ada dalam periodontitis apikalis dan abses apikal kronis, namun Porphyromonas spp merupakan bakteri yang mendominasi keduanya.

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Microorganisms are the main causative agents on the development of apical periodontitis. Microorganisms infecting the root canal system are colonized in communities as biofilm. These bacterial communities show distinct pattern related to the different forms of apical periodontitis which are determined by species richness and abundance. Objective: This study is aimed to examine the root canal microorganisms on upper anterior teeth of asymptomatic apical periodontitis and chronic apical abscess. Methods: Samples were collected from patients referred to Endodontic Department of Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital from July 2013 to September 2013. Twenty two samples, aged 17-40 were collected from 16 patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis, and 36 samples, aged 18-50 were collected from 36 patients with chronic apical abscess. Microorganisms were evaluated using cultural technique. Results: The results showed predominant bacteria in asymptomatic apical periodontitis is Porphyromonas spp while in chronic apical abscess both Streptococcus spp and Porphyromonasspp showed similar frequencies. This study showed Porphyromonas spp plays dominant role in apical periodontitis either in asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess. Conclusion:This study showed different composition of bacteria within different apical periodontitis and Porphyromonas spp is the most prevalent bacteria found in both asymptomatic apical periodontitis and chronic apical abscess.