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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Maloklusi adalah ketidaksesuaian susunan gigi geligi. Bentuk maloklusi antar lain gigi berjejal yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Gigi berjejal dapat berupa gigi yang rotasi, tumpang tindih dan berpindah tempat. Maloklusi gigi berjejal disebabkan oleh faktor dental sepertikehilangan dini gigi, persistensi gigi, gigi berlebih dan kelainan bentuk gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi (angka kejadian) faktor dental, yaitu kehilangan dini gigi, persistensi gigi, gigi berlebih dan kelainan bentuk gigi sebagai penyebab maloklusi gigi berjejal pada siswa kelas I-VI SDN 10 Kelurahan Johar Baru, Jakarta. Metode: Digunakan 298 siswa dan dilakukan pemeriksaan intraoral melihat ada tidaknya maloklusi gigi berjejal dan faktor dental. Diperoleh 81 siswa dengan maloklusi gigi berjejal yang memiliki faktor dental kehilangan dini gigi 39 siswa, persistensi gigi 47 siswa, gigi berlebih 8 siswa, dan kelainan bentuk gigi 8 siswa. Dilakukan perhitungan prevalensi pada seluruh kategori. Hasil: Prevalensi faktor dental penyebab maloklusi gigi berjejal adalah kehilangan dini gigi 13,09%, persistensi gigi 15,77%, gigi berlebih 2,68% dan kelainan bentuk gigi 2,68%. Ditemukan pula penyebab maloklusi gigi berjejal lebih dari satu faktor dental (kombinasi). Prevalensi faktor dental kombinasi kehilangan dini gigi dengan persistensi gigi 3,36%; kehilangan dini gigi dengan kelainan bentuk gigi 0,67%; persistensi gigi dengan gigi berlebih 1,34%, persistensi gigi dengan kelainan bentuk gigi 1,01%; dan gigi berlebih dengan kelainan bentuk gigi 0,67%. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi faktor dental penyebab maloklusi gigi berjejal paling tinggi adalah persistensi gigi kemudian kehilangan gigi dini, gigi berlebih dan kelainan bentuk gigi. Sedangkan prevalensi faktor dental kombinasi terbesar adalah kehilangan gigi dini dengan persistensi gigi pada siswa SDN 10 Kelurahan Johar Baru, Jakarta.

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ABSTRACT
Background: malocclusion is a misalignment of teeth. One kind of malocclusion is crowding that caused by some factor. The characteristic of crowding is teeth that have rotated, overlapping, or displacement. Crowding can be caused by dental factor such as premature loss, retained teeth, supernumerary teeth and shape anomaly. Purpose: To know the prevalence of dental factor that caused crowding malocclusion on student of SDN 10 Kelurahan Johar Baru, Jakarta. Method: 298 students checked if they have crowding malocclusion and the dental factor. From 298 students, 81 students have crowding malocclusion and the dental factor which consist 39 students with premature loss, 47 students with retained teeth, 8 students with supernumerary teeth and 8 students with shape anomaly. Find the prevalence of every dental factor. Result: Prevalence of dental factor that caused crowding malocclusion is 13.09% for premature loss, 15.77% for retained teeth, 2.68% for supernumerary teeth and 2.68% for shape anomaly. some crowding malocclusion can cause by more than one dental factor which make some combination. Prevalence from combination of dental factor are 3.36% for premature loss with retained teeth, 0.67% for premature loss with shape anomaly, 1.34% for retained teeth with supernumerary teeth, 1.01% for retained teeth with shape anomaly and 0.67% for supernumerary teeth with shape anomaly. Conclusion: Dental factor that caused crowding malocclusion with the highest prevalence are retained teeth and combination between premature loss with retained teeth.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Obstruksi saluran napas atas OSNA pada anak merupakan kondisi abnormal yang menyebabkan terjadinya kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut. Studi potong lintang analitik dengan metode consecutive sampling dilakukan pada anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang memiliki riwayat rinitis alergi, rinosinusitis, polip nasal, hipertrofi adenoid, dan obstructive sleep apnea. Studi ini menganalisis perbandingan antara kejadian maloklusi pada anak / remaja dengan OSNA yang ada di Klinik Respirologi dan Klinik Imunologi Alergi Kiara Pusat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo sebagai kelompok subjek dan anak sehat tanpa OSNA dengan usia dan jenis kelamin yang sama dengan kelompok subjek di Klinik IKGA RSKGM FKG UI sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pencetakan rahang atas maupun bawah dilakukan dan jangka sorong dengan ketepatan 0,1 mm digunakan untuk pemeriksaan oklusi. Beberapa tipe maloklusi seperti maloklusi kelas 2 divisi 1, anterior open bite, dan posterior crossbite ditemukan pada subjek dengan kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut dengan OSNA. Analisis data dengan metode chi-square menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kejadian maloklusi anak dengan OSNA dibandingkan dengan anak pada kelompok kontrol p 0,001 . Dari hasil studi ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut pada pasien anak dengan OSNA memiliki peran dalam perkembangan maloklusi.ABSTRACT
Upper airway obstruction is an abnormal condition in children which can cause mouth breathing habit. Cross sectional analitic study was conducted with consecutive sampling method on children adolescents having allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, nasal polyp, adenoid hypertrophy, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This study analyzed comparation between malocclusion in children diagnosed with upper airway obstruction attending Pediatric Respirology and Immunology Allergy Outpatient Clinic Kiara Maternal and Child Health Center at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as subject group and healthy children without upper airway obstruction with same age and gender with the subjects at Pediatric Dental Clinic Universitas Indonesia Dental Hospital in Jakarta as control group. Impression was taken and Vernier caliper at a precision of 0.1 mm was used to analyze the occlusion. Several types of malocclusion such as malocclusion class 2 division 1, anterior open bite, and posterior crossbite were found in mouth breathing subjects from this study. Chi square test showed significant difference on malocclusion occurrence between children with upper airway obstruction p 0,001 and children in control group. From this study, we can conclude that mouth breathing habit in children with upper airway obstructions may contributes in the development of malocclusion.

Abstrak :
Thos case report described the skeletal and dental changes contributing to class II skeletal with mandibula retrognatism correction with Twin Blocks appliance. Cephalometric evaluation were compare between pre-treatment and after eight month treatment wearing Twin Blocks appliance at an 8 year, 1 month old girl patient. This short-term cephalometric study indicates that after eight month treatment with Twin Blocks appliance, the overjet reduces 3 mm correction of the first molar permanent from class II Angle (cusp to fossa) to class II Angle (cusp to cusp) and lengthening the mandible.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) merupakan kelainan neurodevelopmental yang mempengaruhi beragam kelompok kondisi yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan otak. Individu dengan GSA biasanya memiliki kebiasaan buruk oral yang menyertai kondisinya. Kebiasaan ini menyebabkan insidensi yang lebih tinggi dalam peningkatan overjet dan hubungan molar kelas II. Oleh karena itu, edukasi mengenai maloklusi harus diberikan dan disediakan oleh pengasuh. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan orang tua mengenai maloklusi pada anak GSA. Metode: Studi cross-sectional pada 42 orang tua dengan anak GSA pada Desember 2023 menggunakan kuesioner dari berisi 22 pertanyaan pengetahuan mengenai maloklusi dan pertanyaan terkait sosiodemografi dan sosioekonomi orang tua. Hasil: Berdasarkan penilaian tingkat pengetahuan orang tua mengenai maloklusi anak GSA, didapatkan bahwa 59,5% orang tua memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik dan 40,5% lainnya memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang buruk. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas orang tua memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik mengenai maloklusi. Berdasarkan usia, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman, dan tingkat sosioekonomi, orang tua memiliki tingkat pengetahuan mengenai maloklusi yang baik pada kategori usia dewasa paruh baya (35,7%), pendidikan tinggi (45,2%), tidak memiliki pengalaman yang berkaitan dengan maloklusi (42,8%), dan sosioekonomi tinggi (47,6%). ......Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects various groups of condition related to the development of the brain. Individuals with ASD usually have bad oral habits that comes along with their condition. These habits cause higher incidence of the increase of overjet and class II molar relationship. Therefore, education about malocclusion needs to be given and provided by the caregiver. Objective: To know parent’s level of knowledge regarding malocclusion on children with ASD. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 42 parents of ASD children in December 2023 using an online questionnaire that consist of 22 questions about parent’s knowledge on malocclusion and questions regarding sociodemographic and socioeconomic. Results: Based on the assessment of parent’s knowledge about malocclusion in children with ASD, it was found that 59,5% of the parents have good knowledge and the other 40,5% have bad knowledge. Conclusion: The majority of parents of children with ASD have a good level on knowledge about malocclusion. Based on parent’s age, education, experience that is related to malocclusion, and socioeconomic status, parents have good knowledge on middle-aged adults (35,7%), high education (45,2%), no experience related to malocclusion (42,8%) and, high socioeconomic class (47,6%).

Abstrak :
Children are a nation's greatest inheritance shaping the country's future. In Indonesia, it is estimated that almost 40% of the population or around 85 million are children who are in their developing years. One of a parents' roles is to observe that their children's dental structure is growing suitably for their age. Most parents have a concern that their children have (or will have) a malocclusion or malposition caused by combined features of disharmony in their teeth. Such a disharmony will affect the overall facial structure development process, e.g. in the jaw, facial bones and soft tissues such as lips, cheeks and even the tongue. Should such condition occur on a child, it may have a negative psychological affect on a growing child, such as causing low self-esteem. A child's dental development needs parents' special attention as it concerns their overall dental health. On the other hand, many parents do not have proper knowledge of the normal dental growth/development. In case of abnormal development the parents should at least know whether or not their child needs orthodontic care. With the Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator (OCNI) the parents can easily determine at an early stage whether or not the child needs to have an orthodontic treatment. The OCNI involves a set of question to parents and child regarding the child's dental development, and has a simple a self-assessment-based scoring with the help of a dentist as consultant. An OCNI score intends to achieve a better orthodontic treatment process for the potential patient, to improve the quality of the child's dental health and to achieve healthy and productive teeth.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Perawatan ortodonti interseptif dapat mengurangi prevalensi maloklusi di Indonesia yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 80, namun hingga saat ini faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan subjektif akan perawatan ortodonti interseptif belum diketahui. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kebutuhan normatif perawatan ortodonti interseptif, sikap terhadap estetika gigi, pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat sosioekonomi dengan kebutuhan subjektif perawatan ortodonti interseptif. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional, subjek penelitian adalah 101 murid SDI Al-Azhar 17 Bintaro berusia 8-11 tahun, yang dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis menggunakan kaca mulut dan probe, sedangkan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan normatif perawatan ortodonti interseptif digunakan alat ukur IKPO-I, dan untuk mengetahui variabel lainnya dengan kuesioner. Hubungan antarvariabel dianalisis dengan uji koefisien kontingensi dan uji korelasi Eta. Hasil: Menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan kebutuhan subjektif perawatan ortodonti interseptif p-value=0,625, kebutuhan normatif perawatan ortodonti interseptif r=0,178, sikap terhadap estetika gigi r=0,059, pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut r=0,028, dan tingkat sosioekonomi r=0,068 dengan kebutuhan subjektif perawatan ortodonti interseptif. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kebutuhan normatif perawatan ortodonti interseptif, sikap terhadap estetika gigi, pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat sosioekonomi dengan kebutuhan subjektif perawatan ortodonti interseptif. ...... Background: Interceptive orthodontic treatment can reduce the high prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia which is 80, however, factors influencing the perceived need for interceptive orthodontic treatment is unknown. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between normative orthodontic treatment need, dental aesthetic self perception, oral health knowledge, gender, socioeconomic status, and perceived need for interceptive orthodontic treatment. Methods: The design of this study is cross sectional, subjects are 101 students at Al Azhar 17 Bintaro Elementary School aged 8 11 years. Data were obtained through clinical examination using dental mirror and probe. IKPO I is used to know the normative interceptive orthodontic treatment need and questionnaire is used to know other variables. The relationship between variables are analyzed with contingency coefficient analysis and Eta correlation analysis. Results: Showed no significant relationship between gender p value 0,625, normative orthodontic treatment need r 0,178, dental aesthetic self perception r 0,059, oral health knowledge r 0,028, socioeconomic status r 0,068, and perceived need for interceptive orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: There are no significant relationship between normative orthodontic treatment need, dental aesthetic self perception, oral health knowledge, gender, and socioeconomic status and perceived need for interceptive orthodontic treatment need.