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Abstrak :
This paper discusses the implementation of Joint Decree on Ahmadiyah from the perspective of human security as well as the implication of it on JAI members between 2008-2011. Since the release of the Decree in June 2008, the number and form of violence against JAI members in Indonesia has increased significantly. These are the result of the Government's stance that places JAI as a threat to national security, thus ignoring the five principles of human security namely, multilateralism, bottom up approach, priority on human rights, legitimate political authority, and regional consideration. Consequently, the Decree has exacerbated conflict between the majority and the minority Muslim group in Indonesia. It has failed to create peace and fredom from fear, thus this paper recommend the Government to call off the Decree.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini mengkritik pendekatan human security PBB melalui implementsi resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1325 dalam isu kekerasan seksual (pemerkosaan dan perbudakan seksual) di Timor Leste pada masa konflik (1975-1999). Penulis menggunakan metode studi literature dengan dokumen Chega CAVR sebagai rujukan data kekerasan seksual di Timor Leste pada masa konflik. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori feminisme radikal kultural yang menekankan pada tiga konsep dasar, yakni budaya patriarki, power dan penindasan yang berdampak pada gagasan revolusioner untuk mengakhiri penindasan. Penulis ingin menunjukkan proses pengarusutaman gender dalam operasi perdamaian PBB (UNTAET) di Timor Leste sebagai implementasi resolusi 1325 yang berimplikasi pada pembentukan CAVR namun gagal melawan budaya bisu yang disebabkan oleh budaya patriarki. Budaya bisu perempuan Timor Leste ini membentuk impunitas pelaku kekersaan seksual di Timor Leste pada masa konflik dan berlanjut hingga kini. Tesis ini menemukan dua hal, yakni secara teoritis, adanya integrasi pendekatan human security PBB dengan lensa gender dalam isu kekerasan seksual dalam konflik. Secara empiris, CAVR bukanlah implementasi gagasan revolusioner teori feminisme radikal kultural. Mobilitas CAVR hanya merekomendasikan proses peradilan bagi milisi pro-integrasi di Timor Leste tetapi kurang menargetkan militer Indonesia sebagai pelaku utama kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan Timor Leste pada masa konflik. ......This paper criticizes UN human security approach through the implementation of UN Security Council resolution 1325 on sexual violence issue (rape and sexual slavery) in Timor Leste during the conflict (1975-1999). The method used is literature study with CAVR Chega document as reference for data on sexual violence in Timor Leste during the conflict. The theory used is cultural radical feminism which emphasizes three basic concepts, patriarchal culture, power and oppression impacted on revolutionary ideas to end oppression. The author show gender mainstreaming process in Timor Leste UN peace operations (UNTAET) as the implementation of resolution 1325 and the implications for the foundation of CAVR Commission that failed to change culture of silence caused by patriarchal culture. This silent culture of East Timorese women promotes impunity for perpetrators of sexual assault in Timor Leste during conflict period. This paper discovers two main things: theoretically, the integration of the UN human security approach with gender lens in sexual violence issue during conflict. Empirically, CAVR is not the implementation of revolutionary idea based on cultural radical feminism theory. The CAVR's mobility urges judicial process for pro-integration militias in Timor Leste but lacked demanding on Indonesian military as main perpetrator of sexual violence against East Timorese women during the conflict

Abstrak :
Meningkatnya kebutuhan berbagai negara di dunia akan CPO berdampak pada meningkatnya tekanan terhadap produksi buah kelapa sawit. Konflik yang terjadi antara Korporasi dan masyarakat adat Suku Anak Dalam di Batang Hari merupakan konflik yang terjadi akibat perebutan akses terhadap sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan pemerintah, korporasi dan masyarakat dalam penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi antara PT. Asiatic Persada dan masyarakat adat suku anak dalam. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dalam perspektif ekologi politik, konflik yang terjadi merupakan konflik dalam memperebutkan akses terhadap sumber daya yang membuat masyarakat menjadi landless dan termarjinalkan secara ekonomi dan sosial. Hubungan antara tiga aktor yang terlibat langsung dalam konflik memperlihatkan perusahaan lebih mendominasi dan berkuasa atas pemerintah dan masyarakat. ...... With the growing number of demands from nations across the globe for Crude Palm Oil is bringing result on the increase of pressure to the production of palm fruit. The conflict happened between corporation and indigenous people, suku anak dalam, in Batang Hari is a contest for the access to natural resource. This research was conducted by using qualitative method which inted to analyze the relation among government, corporation and society in resolving conflict between PT. Asiatic Persada and indigenous people, suku anak dalam. The result of research reveals that in ecological politic perspective, the conflict occurred as the result of the contest for the access to natural resource which made suku anak dalam become landless dan marginalized economically and socially. The relation among the three stakeholders involved in conflict shows that corporation is more dominating and become more powerful than government and society.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Kondisi human security bagi perempuan dan anak, maupun ketahanan keluarga rentan tidak terpenuhi dalam perkawinan siri. Penelitian kualitatif ini mencoba untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi dan bagaimana bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan negara dalam mengatasi dampak yang timbul dari perkawinan siri. Melalui wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan dengan institusi negara di bidang kependudukan, perkawinan, perlindungan perempuan dan anak, diketahui bahwa negara melarang perkawinan siri karena tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum yang membuat negara sulit untuk dapat melakukan perlindungan. Isbat nikah menjadi solusi untuk memperoleh status perkawinan yang sah, sehingga perempuan dan anak dapat memperoleh haknya sebagai anggota keluarga, sebagai warga negara, mencapai kondisi human security, dan ketahanan keluarga.

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ABSTRACT
Human security for women and children, also family resilience are vulnerable not fulfilled in siri marriage. This qualitative research is trying to determine how perceptions and how a form of protection given by the state in overcoming the effects of siri marriage. Through in-depth interviews were conducted with state institutions in the field of demography, marriages, protection of women and children, it is known that the state prohibits siri marriage because it has no legal power that makes it difficult for state to be able to do the protection. Isbat nikah could to be the solution to obtain a legal marriage status, so that women and children can obtain their rights as family members, as citizens, achieving human security conditions, and achiecing the family resilience., Human security for women and children, also family resilience are vulnerable not fulfilled in siri marriage. This qualitative research is trying to determine how perceptions and how a form of protection given by the state in overcoming the effects of siri marriage. Through in-depth interviews were conducted with state institutions in the field of demography, marriages, protection of women and children, it is known that the state prohibits siri marriage because it has no legal power that makes it difficult for state to be able to do the protection. Isbat nikah could to be the solution to obtain a legal marriage status, so that women and children can obtain their rights as family members, as citizens, achieving human security conditions, and achiecing the family resilience.]

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena konflik Israel-Palestina yang telah berlangsung lama dan menimbulkan banyak korban jiwa, terutama dikalangan Palestina. Korban jiwa tersebut dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar; korban meninggal dan korban hidup yang kemudian hidup terlunta-lunta sebagai pengungsi. Para pengungsi Palestina inilah yang menjadi fokus utama dari penelitian ini. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa mengenai bagaimana sikap pemerintahan Israel pada masa pemerintahan Perdana Menteri Ehud Barak terhadap keberadaan para pengungsi Palestina tersebut dilihat dari konsep national security (keamanan nasional) yang dihadapkan pada konsep human security (keamanan insani). Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Diharapkan dengan menggunakan metode ini, data-data yang digunakan akan menjadi sefokus mungkin sehingga pembahasan akan menjadi sistematis dan mendalam. Dari hasil pengolahan data dapat diungkapkan bahwa Pemerintahan Perdana Menteri Ehud Barak menggunakan konsep human security dari sudut pandang national security Negara Israel sehingga keamanan yang dipertahankan di mata mereka bukanlah mengenai keberadaan pengungsi Palestina melainkan para penduduk Israel yang harus dijaga terlebih dahulu. Bahkan ada kekhawatiran jika para pengungsi Palestina diijinkan kembali ke tempat asal mereka akan mengancam keamanan Negara Israell Dari sisi Palestina sendiri, perjuangan terus dilakukan baik oleh pihak Otoritas Palestina maupun dari para pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh dunia agar haqul audah (hak untuk kembali) dapat mereka dapatkan. Pada intinya, keberadaan pengungsi Palestina ini merupakan sesuatu hai yang sangat perlu mendapat perhatian dunia internasional selama sikap pemerintah Israel dalam memandang permasalahan ini selalu dari sisi kepentingan mereka sendiri. ......This research was triggered by Israel-Palestine conflict whicb has been lasting for long time and causing so many casualties, especially in Paiestinian side. The casualties can be divided into two main categories: the deads and the refugees. This Paiestinian refugees i s the main focus in this research. The main purpose of this research is to analize how Israeli govemment in Ehud Barak administration behave toward Paiestinian refugees issues on the base of national security and human security. Research methods used in this research is case study. By using this method, the datas are expected to be so as focus as possible that the explanation can be systematic and deep. It can be said that Ehud Barak administration used human security concept from national security of Israel point of view. Hence, security in their view is not about the existence of Paiestinian refugees bot, instead, Israeli people must be guarded as well as possible. Even, there is a anxiety if the Paiestinian refugees are allowed to come back to their home, they will threat Israeli national security! On the Paiestinian side, the struggle still keeps being fought either by Paiestinian Outhority or by the refugees who spread out all over the world in order to get haqul audah (right of return) back. In essence, the existence of Paiestinian refugees is something which needs strong concern from whole world as long as Israeli govemment always look this issue only from its point of view.

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini akan mencoba memahami bagaimana istilah human security dipahami dalam konteks studi keamanan internasional dari 3 sudut pandang: human security sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia, human security sebagai freedom from fear, dan human security sebagai freedom from want. Human security sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia menekankan pada pentingnya diseminasi norma HAM yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk agenda human security serta peran berbagai aktor dalam upaya diseminasi norma tersebut. Human security sebagai freedom from fear menekankan perlindungan terhadap manusia dari situasi konflik serta justifikasi terhadap intervensi kemanusiaan. Sedangkan human security sebagai freedom from want menekankan perlindungan terhadap martabat dan pemberdayaan manusia melalui program pembangunan. Analisis juga meliputi bagaimana kontribusi human security bagi studi keamanan serta penjajaran perbedaan kedua konsep tersebut. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa human security memperkaya khasanah kajian keamanan internasional dengan memperluas agenda keamanan dan pengadopsian agenda normatif. Selain itu, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun diklaim sebagai perusak koherensi intelektual kajian keamanan, konsep human security tetap relevan dalam studi keamanan internasional karena konsep tersebut berorientasi pada pembuatan kebijakan. Pada praktiknya, konsep human security digunakan sebagai jargon dalam mempromosikan agenda keamanan dan pembangunan oleh institusi internasional seperti PBB serta negara middle power seperti Kanada dan Jepang. ......This paper aims to seek how human security is understood from 3 standpoints human security as human rights, human security as freedom from fear, and human security as freedom from want. Human security as human rights emphasizes dissemination of human rights norms manifested in the form of human security agenda and the role of various actors in the dissemination of the norms. Human Security as freedom from fear emphasizes protection of the people in conflict situations and justification towards humanitarian intervention agenda. Meanwhile, human security as freedom from want emphasizes the protection of human dignity and human empowerment through development program. It also highlights the contribution of human security to security studies as well as juxtaposition of the two concepts. This paper argues that human security has enriched the repertoire of security studies by expanding the scope of security and adopting normative agenda. This paper concludes that although human security is claimed to be damaging to intellectual coherence of security studies, the concept itself remains relevant in international security studies due to its policy orientedness. In practice, human security is used as a jargon in promoting security and development agenda by international insitutions such as the United Nations as well as middle power countries such as Canada and Japan.

Abstrak :
Energi adalah aspek vital dalam keberlangsungan kehidupan manusia yang dipengaruhi dan mempengaruhi banyak faktor sosial-politik. Pemutusan suplai gas alam Rusia terhadap Uni Eropa sejak pertengahan 2022 menyebabkan krisis energi, salah satunya bagi Belanda. Sebagai negara yang tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi primer melalui produksi domestik, Belanda harus mengimpor gas alam sebagai salah satu sumber energi terbesar. Artikel ini menganalisis fenomena krisis energi Belanda pasca pemutusan suplai gas alam Rusia dengan menggunakan neksus konsep keamanan manusia dan keamanan energi. Neksus keamanan energi dan keamanan manusia hadir dalam bentuk relasi di antara keduanya, yaitu aspek keamanan ekonomi dan keamanan kesehatan. Keberadaan neksus keamanan energi dan keamanan manusia dalam kebijakan-kebijakan energi Belanda dikaji menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan (Grindle,1980). Teori implementasi kebijakan berfokus pada konten dan konteks kebijakan yang digunakan untuk menganalisis substansi kebijakan-kebijakan energi Belanda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tinjauan pustaka yang bersumber dari rilis resmi dokumen pemerintah, media massa, buku, dan artikel ilmiah relevan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Belanda merespon krisis dengan tetap mengacu kepada Rencana Energi dan Iklim (NECP) 2021-2030 sebagai haluan kebijakan energi nasional. Lima dimensi dalam NECP 2021-2030 yaitu dekarbonisasi, efisiensi, keamanan energi, integrasi pasar energi, dan riset & inovasi energi merefleksikan neksus keamanan manusia dan keamanan energi dalam kebijakan energi nasional. ......Energy is vital in the continuity of human life, influencing many socio-political factors. The termination of Russia's natural gas supply to the European Union since mid-2022 has caused an energy crisis, one of which is for the Netherlands. As a country that cannot meet its primary energy needs through domestic production, the Netherlands must use natural gas as one of the largest energy sources. This article analyzes the phenomenon of the Dutch energy crisis after the cut-off of Russia's natural gas supply by using the concept of human security and energy security nexus. The nexus of energy security and human security exists in the form of a relationship between economic security and health security. The existence of a nexus of energy security and human security in Dutch energy policies is studied using policy implementation theory (Grindle, 1980). Policy implementation theory focuses on the content and policy context used to analyze the substance of Dutch energy policies. Data was collected through a literature review from official releases of government documents, mass media, books and relevant scientific articles. The findings show that the Netherlands responded to the crisis while referring to the Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030 as the national energy policy direction. The five dimensions of NECP 2021-2030 are decarbonization, efficiency, energy security, energy market integration, and energy research & innovation, and they reflect the nexus of human security and energy security in national energy policy.

Abstrak :
Human security : securing East Asia’s future timely examines the fundamental issues causing human insecurities and evaluates the extent of which human security plays a role at the state and regional levels. Covering the different areas of threats to humans and applying case study materials, this volume provides an intellectual mix of perspectives that captures the relationship between people, state and region.

Abstrak :
As the international society continue to witness varying forms of threats to humanity, the concept of human security as introduced by the state has constantly been challenged for its inadequacy to capture and address the realities of human insecurity. The silver lining of this situation, however, relies on how those mainstream ideas of human securities are continuously contested and redefined through the medium of art. Through the use of alternative public and transnational space, art represents sincere aspirations of the people and facilitate them to realize their vision of their own-and others-in)securities, beyond the imaginary, yet powerful, wall of sovereignty which serve the national and rational interests of the powerful actors.