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Abstrak :
Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13–19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides, and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum. A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice (Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Benalu atau Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. merupakan tumbuhan hemiparasit dari famili Loranthaceae yang dikenal memiliki berbagai potensi di bidang kesehatan. Namun potensi tanaman tersebut di bidang lain, seperti pertanian masih belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas aktivitas herbisida ekstrak batang dan daun D. pentandra dengan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak terhadap perkecambahan Eleusine indica dan membandingkan aktivitas herbisida antara ekstrak batang dan daun D. pentandra. terhadap pertumbuhan kecambah E. indica. Simplisia dari batang dan daun D. pentandra diekstraksi menggunakan metanol untuk mendapatkan ekstrak kasar yang dapat digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas herbisida dan analisis HPLC. Hasil uji aktivitas herbisida menunjukkan bahwa persentase penghambatan perkecambahan biji E. indica dari ekstrak batang (98,13%) dan daun (100%) D. pentandra pada konsentrasi 5 mg/ml sebanding dengan kontrol positif. (95,18%) berdasarkan tes. perbedaan signifikan terkecil (P<0,05). Konsentrasi ini dinilai sebagai konsentrasi ekstrak D. pentandra yang efektif dalam menghambat perkecambahan biji E. indica. Ekstrak daun memiliki aktivitas herbisida yang lebih tinggi pada konsentrasi 1 mg/ml dibandingkan ekstrak batang berdasarkan parameter panjang radikula dan panjang kecambah. Selain itu, ekstrak daun memiliki area yang lebih besar di bawah puncak kromatogram dan hasil ekstraksi lebih banyak daripada ekstrak batang. Organ daun berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan utama herbisida dari parasit. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tambahan untuk penggunaan D. pentandra sebagai bioherbisida.
ABSTRACT
Benalu or Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is a hemiparasitic plant from the Loranthaceae family which is known to have various potentials in the health sector. However, the potential of these plants in other fields, such as agriculture is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the herbicide activity of the stem and leaf extract of D. pentandra with various concentrations of the extract on Eleusine indica germination and to compare the herbicide activity of the stem and leaf extract of D. pentandra. on the growth of E. indica sprouts. The simplicia of the stems and leaves of D. pentandra was extracted using methanol to obtain a crude extract that could be used for herbicide activity testing and HPLC analysis. The results of the herbicide activity test showed that the percentage inhibition of germination of E. indica seeds from the stem (98.13%) and leaf (100%) extracts of D. pentandra at a concentration of 5 mg/ml was comparable to the positive control. (95.18%) based on the test. the smallest significant difference (P <0.05). This concentration is considered as the concentration of D. pentandra extract which is effective in inhibiting the germination of E. indica seeds. The leaf extract had higher herbicidal activity at a concentration of 1 mg / ml than the stem extract based on the parameters of the length of the radicle and the length of the sprouts. In addition, the leaf extract had a larger area under the chromatogram peak and the extraction yield was higher than that of the stem extract. Leaf organs have the potential to be used as the main ingredient of herbicides from parasites. This research is expected to provide additional information for the use of D. pentandra as a bioherbicide.