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Abstrak :
In this paper a K-theoretic classification is given of the simple real rank zero C*-algebras that can be expressed as inductive limits of sequences of finite direct sums of matrix algebras over finite connected graphs (possibly with dimension drop). This class of C*-algebras provides torsion K1. The special case that the graphs are intervals is due to Elliott.

Abstrak :
This book presents recently developed statistical methods and theory required for the application of the tools of functional data analysis to problems arising in geosciences, finance, economics and biology. It is concerned with inference based on second order statistics, especially those related to the functional principal component analysis. While it covers inference for independent and identically distributed functional data, its distinguishing feature is an in depth coverage of dependent functional data structures, including functional time series and spatially indexed functions. Specific inferential problems studied include two sample inference, change point analysis, tests for dependence in data and model residuals and functional prediction. All procedures are described algorithmically, illustrated on simulated and real data sets, and supported by a complete asymptotic theory.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana penerapan analisis FAR untuk untuk menentukan remunerasi sesuai Arm?s Length Principle di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap teori tentang analisis FAR dan prakteknya di negara Jerman, Amerika dan Indonesia. Dari penelitian terhadap teori dan praktek dilapangan ditemukan bahwa Analisis FAR merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan remunerasi sesuai Arm's Length Principle. Analisa FAR digunakan untuk memahami transaksi afiliasi yang diperiksa sehingga pihak yang akan diuji melalui pembanding yang potensial akan dapat ditentukan. Penentuan pembanding internal atau pembanding eksternal akan bergantung pada kemiripan karakeristik FAR yang dihasilkan melalui pengulangan proses analisis FAR transaksi/pihak yang dibandingkan oleh pembanding potensial. Penelitian menghasilkan flowchart langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan dalam analisis FAR dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor penyesuaian yang dapat diandalkan, hirarki perbandingan dan faktor perbandingan lainnyadalam penetapan pembanding yang dapat diandalkan dan dipercaya. Pertimbangan ketiga faktor tersebut akan membantu penentuan metode transfer pricing terbaik untuk menentukan remunerasi sesuai Arm?s Length Principle. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa di Indonesia perlu ditetapkan langkahlangkah dalam membuat analisis FAR dan analisis FAR terintegrasi dalam grup (?Value chain?) agar Agar Wajib Pajak dapat menentukan remunerasi sesuai Arm's Length Principle di Indonesia. Ketika proses analisis FAR telah dilakukan terhadap Wajib Pajak dalam suatu industri, maka akan dapat terbentuk suatu pembanding yang dikenal dengan nama "benchmark".

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This research is about the application of functional analysis to determine the arm?s length principle renumeration in Indonesia. This research is done to the functional analysis theory and practice in Jerman, USA and Indonesia. Functional analysis is an important factor to determine the arm?s length principle renumeration. The functional analysis is used to understand the afiliated transaction so that the potential comparable will depend on functional characteristic that is found through the repeatence of functional analysis transaction or tested party compare to the potential comparable. This research result the flowchart of step that should be done in functional analysis by considering the adjustment factors that is reliable, the comparable hierarchy and other comparable factors in determining the reasonable and reliable comparable. Those three factors will help determining the best transfer pricing method to determine the arm?s length principle renumeration. This research concluded that it is needed to determined the step in making the functional analysis and value chain analysis in Indonesia so that the tax payers can determine the arm?s length principle renumeration. When functional analysis is done to the tax payers in the same industry, it will create a comparison that is known as "benchmark".