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"Flouride intrusion into enamel surface is one of the important factors of success in topical flouridation. Objective: to compare EDX and flourescence measurement methods of flouride intrusion into enamel surface after anchovy application. Methods: 5 extracted impacted third molars were immersed in sterile saline solution for 24 hours. The buccal surfaces of the teeth were painted with nail varnish, and a window of 5 mm2 at the center of each surface was left unpainted. Dried anchovies from the market were heated and powdered, and 5 g of this anchovy powder was diluted in 100 ml deionized distilled water to prepare an anchovy solution. The teeth were immersed in the anchovy solution for 5 min twice a day with 3 hours intervals. Immersions were repeated for 9 days. After immersion, the teeth were cut transversally through the window. The occlusal portions of the specimens were prepared for microscopic slides at ± 40um thickness. The cervical portions of the teeth were used as EDX specimens. Olympus BX41TF Fluorescence microscope was used to measure flourescence bandwidth. LEO scanning electron microscope with micro analyzer was used to measure flouride intrusion. Increment steps of 5um from outer edge of the enamel to inner side were used as the points of EDX analysis. Paired t-test was used to analyze the intrusion results. Results: Flouride intrusion depth measured using the flourescence method was 11.49 ± 0.71 um, while from the results of EDX analysis the average depth of flouride intrusion was 20.24 ± 0.57 um. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between the two methods. Conclusion: Intrusion measurement using EDX analysis gives higher flouride intrusion than the flourescence method."

"Efek pencegahan karies pasta gigi dengan kandungan 1300ppm flouride dan carrageenan. Berbagai studi menyebutkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi flouride dalam pasta gigi dapat mengurangi hilangnya kalsium dalam enamel. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji perbedaan antara efek pasta gigi yang mengandung carrageenan dan flouride 1300ppm dengan pasta gigi yang hanya mengandung flouride 1000ppm pada permukaan email gigi manusia. Metode: Spesimen email diperoleh dari 30 gigi premolar manusia yang telah diekstraksi. Sampel email dibagi secara acak kepada salah satu dari tiga kelompok, pasta gigi dengan carrageenan berflouride 1300ppm, pasta gigi berflouride 1000ppm dan kontrol negatif. Sampel direndam dalam asam sitrat 1% dengan pH 4 selama 150 detik untuk demineralisasi. Kemudian masing-masing pasta gigi diaplikasikan selama 6 menit. Demineralisasi dinilai dari segi kekasaran dan kekerasan email. Hasil: Pasta gigi dengan carrageenan berflouride 1300ppm memiliki dua kali lebih besar keberhasilan dalam memicu remineralisasi dibandingkan dengan kelompok 1000ppm. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pemulihan kekasaran dan kekerasan permukaan email gigi dalam model karies in vitro. Simpulan: Pasta gigi dengna carrageenan berflouride 1300ppm mempunyai potensi yang tinggi dalam menginduksi remineralisasi pada email gigi.

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Various studies stated that the increase concentration of flouride in toothpastes leads to the reduction of calcium loss in enamel. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the difference between the effect of 1300ppm flouride with carrageenan toothpaste and 1000ppm flouride only toothpaste on roughness and hardness of enamel surface. Methods: Enamel specimens were obtained from 30 extracted human premolars. The enamel specimens were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, 1300ppm flouride with with carrageenan toothpaste, 1000ppm flouride only toothpaste and toothpaste with no flouride as a negative control. The samples were immersed in 1% citric acid with pH 4 for 150 seconds for demineralization, afterwards exposed to each toothpaste for 6 minutes. Results: The results demonstrated that toothpaste with 1300ppm flouride with carrageenan has two times greater efficacy in triggering remineralization that toothpaste with 1000ppm flouride only, with regards to surface roughness and hardness recovery in an in vitro caries model. Conclusion: The results suggested that treatment of enamel with toothpaste containing 1300ppm flouride with carrageenan has high potential in inducing remineralization on enamel."

"The purpose of this study was to determine flour uptake difference in enamel of primary teeth between Glass Ionomer Cement and Compomer filling. The sample was 30 maxillary first incisors divided into 2 groups. Each group consisted of 15 teeth. The first group was filled with Glass Ionomer Cement (Fuji IX ART, GC) and second group was filled with Compomer (Dyract, Dentsply). The measurement was in percentage, using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry. T test exhibited significant difference of fluor uptake in enamel of primary teeth between Glass Ionomer and Compomer filling (t=1.1, p=0.0001) Fluor uptake of Glass Ionomer Cement filling in enamel of primary teeth was much more compare to Compomer filling"

"The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride content differences in enamel of immature teeth with Glass Ionomer Cement Fuji IX and Ketac Molar filling.The subject for this study was 21 immature premolars teeth, and each tooth divided into 2 parts. The first part filled with Fuji IX (Fuji IX ART, GC) and the second part filled with Ketac Molar (Ketac Molar ART, MI, 3M ESPE), so the samples were 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Fuji IX and 21 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry analysis of Ketac molar. The measurement was done to the fluoride content in enamel of immature teeth using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrophotometry in percentage.This study using t-test, exhibited differences but no significant from the percentage of delta the fluoride content in enamel of immature teeth with Fuji IX and Ketac Molar filling (t=1,953 p > 0.05)."