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"Bioetanol saat ini banyak digunakan untuk menjadi bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bensin ( bahan bakar minyak) karena dapat mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil dan juga mengurangi kadar emisi yang dihasilkan bahan bakar fosil seperti CO, CO2, HC, NOx. Bioetanol yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar biasanya dicampur dengan bensin pada perbandingan tertentu. Di Indonesia penggunaannya masih sangat jarang. Kemudian bioetanol yang biasa digunakan ialah bioetanol anhidrat dengan kadar 99,5%. Maka dari itu, pada penilitian sebelumnya, dilakukan pemanfaatan gas buang untuk mendestilasi bietanol grade rendah menjadi high grade untuk mendapatkan etanol anhidrat. Namun hasilnya, hanya mampu mencapai kadar 95% atau bietanol hidrat. Di sini penulis melakukan penelitian merancang suatu mekanisme pencampuran bietanol hidrat dengan bensin yaitu mekanisme fuel mixer untuk menganalisa hasil performa dan emisi dari motor bakar. Pencampuran dilakukan pada perbandingan E5h, E10h, dan E15h yang nantinya hasil performa dan emisi akan dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar bensin murni. Dari penelitian menunjukan bioetanol hidrat mampu digunakan sebagai bahan bakar dimana hasilnya dapat meningkatkan power dan torsi, masing-masing hingga 15% dan 11%, kemudian mengungari emisi CO hingga 40%.

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Bioethanol is currently used to be an alternative to gasoline fuel (fuel oil) and can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and also reduce of emissions generated fossil fuels such as CO, CO2, HC, NOx. Bioethanol is used as a fuel, usually mixed with gasoline at a certain ratio. In Indonesia, the use of bioethanol fuel is still very rare. Then bioethanol is used anhydrous ethanol with 99.5% content. Therefore, the previous research, made use of exhaust gas for distilling bietanol low-grade to high-grade to obtain anhydrous ethanol. However, the results achieved are only able to reach content of 95% or hydrous bioethanol.

Here the authors conducted a study about a mechanism design of mixing hydrous bioethanol with gasoline by fuel mixer mechanism to analyze the results of the performance and emissions of combustion engine. The mixing is is at comparison E5h, E10h, and E15h, which the performance and emission results will be compared with pure gasoline. The result shows hydrous bioethanol can be used as fuel, where can increase power and torque, respectively - each up to 15% and 11%, then reduce CO emissions by 40%."

"Due to the large number of influencing parameters and interactions, the fuel injection and therewith fuel propagation and distribution are among the most complex processes in an internal combustion engine. For this reason, injection is usually the subject to highly detailed numerical modeling, which leads to unacceptably high computing times in the 3D-CFD simulation of a full engine domain. Marlene Wentsch presents a critical analysis, optimization and extension of injection modeling in an innovative, fast response 3D-CFD tool that is exclusively dedicated to the virtual development of internal combustion engines."

"Peralihan dari kendaraan berbasis Internal Combustion Engine ke kendaraan listrik di Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami transformasi pesat, yang berdampak signifikan pada model bisnis pemasok komponen otomotif konvensional. 47% pemasok komponen otomotif konvensional di Indonesia berisiko kehilangan bisnis dan mengalami penurunan penjualan pasar karena kendaraan listrik membutuhkan lebih sedikit komponen. 30% komponen pada kendaraan bermesin pembakaran internal akan menjadi usang karena berkurangnya struktur komponen kendaraan listrik baterai secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan arah strategis pemasok komponen otomotif dan mengevaluasi kriteria prioritas kapabilitas organisasi di bidang manufaktur yang melakukan transisi menggunakan SWOT-Analytical Hierarchy Process. Diagram Sankey diterapkan sebagai metode awal untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan arah strategis komponen perusahaan. Data diolah melalui kuesioner survei perbandingan berpasangan dan diskusi kelompok terfokus yang melibatkan enam ahli dengan pengalaman lebih dari lima tahun di industri otomotif. Masing-masing kriteria dan subkriteria dilakukan pembobotan sehingga menghasilkan pemeringkatan berdasarkan nilai indeks konsistensi. Mengembangkan kompetensi dan kemampuan tenaga kerja diidentifikasi sebagai kriteria paling penting bagi pemasok komponen dalam menghadapi transisi EV untuk mempertahankan daya saing melalui fleksibilitas manufaktur yang memadai. Hasilnya, Diversifikasi Portofolio Produk diidentifikasi sebagai strategi alternatif yang efektif untuk diterapkan oleh perusahaan komponen otomotif. Dengan mengadopsi strategi ini, perusahaan dapat meningkatkan daya saing, mengurangi risiko bisnis, dan meraih peluang baru di pasar kendaraan listrik yang berkembang pesat.

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The shift from Internal Combustion Engine vehicles to Electric Vehicles in Indonesia is currently undergoing a rapid transformation, significantly impacting the business models of conventional automotive component suppliers. 47% of conventional automotive component suppliers in Indonesia are at risk of losing business and experiencing market sales declines because electric vehicles require fewer components. 30% of components in internal combustion engine vehicles will become obsolete due to the significantly reduced component structure of battery electric vehicles. This study aims to determine the strategic direction for automotive component suppliers and evaluate the priority criteria of organizational capabilities in manufacturing for those transitioning using the SWOT-Analytical Hierarchy Process. Sankey diagrams are applied as an initial method to identify and classify the strategic direction of component companies. Data was processed by pairwise comparison survey questionnaires and focus group discussions involving six experts with over five years of experience in the automotive industry. The weighting of each criterion and sub-criterion was conducted, resulting in rankings based on consistency index values. Developing workforce competencies and capabilities is identified as the most critical criterion for component suppliers in facing the EV transition to maintain competitiveness through adequate manufacturing flexibility. As a result, Product Portfolio Diversification is identified as an effective alternative strategy for automotive component companies to implement. By adopting this strategy, companies can enhance competitiveness, reduce business risks, and seize new opportunities in the rapidly evolving EV market."

"The internal combustion engine that powers the modern automobile has changed very little from its initial design of some eighty years ago. Unlike many high tech advances, engine design still depends on an understanding of basic fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. This text offers a fresh approach to the study of engines, with an emphasis on design and on fluid dynamics. Professor Lumley, a renowned fluid dynamicist, provides a lucid explanation of how air and fuel are mixed, how they get into the engine, what happens to them there, and how they get out again. Particular attention is given to the complex issue of pollution. Examples are taken from the early days of engine design, as well as the latest designs, such as stratified charge gasoline direct injection engines. It is intended that the text be used in conjunction with the Stanford Engine Simulation Program (ESP). This user-friendly, interactive software tool answers a significant need not addressed by other texts on engines."

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Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisa dari optimasi unjuk kerja mesin satu silinder 150cc menggunakan bahan bakar bensin oktan 88 dengan variasi bioetanol. Optimasi dilakukan dengan mengubah ignition timing dan durasi injeksi pada injector mesin menggunakan programmable engine control module (ECM). Unjuk kerja mesin yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Daya, Torsi dan Spesific fuel consumption menggunakan dynamometer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode beban 100% atau WOT (Wide Open Throttle) dengan perbedaan putaran shaft dynamometer, yaitu pada putaran shaft dynamometer 1000 RPM, 1500 RPM, 2000 RPM, dan 2500 RPM. Untuk variasi bahan bakar, penulis menggunakan lima variasi, yaitu E0, E10, E20, E30, dan E40. Optimasi dilakukan dengan mengubah ignition timing bertambah dua derajat dari kondisi standar dan mengubah durasi injeksi. Nilai RON (Research Octane Number) akan meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan persentase nilai bioetanol yang dicampurkan. Nilai Torsi dan Daya akan meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan persentase nilai bioetanol. Dengan meningkatnya nilai RON maka perubahan ignition timing ke arah advance dan perubahan Injection Duration mendekati kondisi AFR lean akan meningkatan Torsi hingga 2.36 Nm dan Daya sebesar 0.61 kW.. Dengan meningkatnya Daya dan Torsi maka hasil emisi CO₂ akan meningkat hingga 1.4% serta emisi CO menurun hingga 2.7%.

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This research focus on analysis of performance optimation on 4-stroke 150cc one cylinder internal combustion engine using octane 88 gasoline fuel mixed with several number variations of bioethanol. Optimation done by changing ignition timing and injection duration from engines injector using programmable engine control module (ECM). Engine performance measured in this research are Torque, Power and Spesific Fuel Consumption using dynamometer. The methods of this research is using 100% load or can be mentioned as Wide Open Throttle (WOT) with different shaft speed variations in 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 RPM. Variations of mixed bioethanol varying in E0, E10, E20, E30 and E40 with the number as the percentage of bioethanol mixed. Optimation do with the change of ignition timing plus 2 degree CA and the change of injection duration from the normal condition. Research Octane Number (RON) increased with the higher bioethanol percentage. Torque and Power produced by engine will increased too. With a higher RON value, so the change of ignition timing with advance direction and the change of Injection Duration when approaching lean AFR conditions will increase Torque up to 2.36 Nm and Power up to 0.61 kW. With the increase of Torque and Power, the amount of CO₂ will increase up to 1.4% and CO will decrease up to 2.7%.

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