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Abstrak :
Bone mineral content at old age is dependent upon the peak bone mass achieved in youth and subsequent adult bone loss (Matkovic, 1992). Adequate calcium consumption during childhood is beneficial for the acquisition of peak bone mass and density. It is therefore, calcium has been considered to play important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis (NIH, 1994), and osteoporosis has been described as a pediatric disease that manifests itself in old age (Lysen and Walker, 1997). If children fail to take in enough calcium, they are more likely to develop osteoporosis later in life (Insel et al., 2002). Nevertheless, calcium is one of the nutrients that most likely to be low or deficient in children's diets (Krause's, 2000). Recently, calcium has been suspected to have a positive effect in preventing some disorders, including diarrhea. Bovee et al., (2003) indicated that low calcium intake has been shown to impair host resistance to food-borne intestinal infections. Because of childhood morbidity and mortality due to infectious diarrhea is very high in developing countries, adequate dietary calcium intakes of the children will likely improve their bone as well as intestinal health (Bovee et al., 2003). Dairy products are always regarded as primary source of calcium. It is difficult to meet the RDA for calcium without milk or milk products (Krause, 1992). Unfortunately, the general Indonesian population does not commonly consume milk. The results of 1997 national survey on households' food consumption pattern across provinces in Indonesia reveal that milk consumption was zero, or milk product was never consumed in the last three months at the time of survey (Sumarno at al., 1997). In line with the 1997 national survey, Ariani et al., (1997) reported that the level of milk consumption was lower than that of other animal products across the provinces in Indonesia, and in general, milk consumption of Indonesian population was below the standard of adequacy of milk consumption according to Widyakarya National Pangan dan Gizi 1998 (4.6 kg/cap/year). The above facts indicate that many Indonesians may consume calcium-deficient diet.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Penggunaan konsentrasi kalsium dialisat ([Ca-D]) masih kontroversi. Di Indonesia masih digunakan [Ca-D] yang berbeda-beda antara 1,25 mmol/L ? 1,85 mmol/L. Studi DOPPS mendapatkan kegagalan dalam pencapaian kadar kalsium (Ca), fosfat (PO4), produk CaxP dan hormon paratiroid (HPT) sesuai yang ditargetkan K/DOQI dan semua penyebab risiko mortalitas secara signifikan berhubungan dengan tingginya [Ca]-D

Tujuan : Mengetahui perbedaan kadar Ca darah, PO4, HPT dan kalsifikasi vaskular pada penggunaan [Ca]-D tinggi dan rendah.

Metode : Penelitian adalah studi potong lintang analitik dilakukan di Unit Hemodialisis Divisi Ginjal-Hipertensi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jumlah subyek 46 orang. Dua puluh tiga pasien menggunakan [Ca]-D rendah (1,25 mmol/L) dan 23 pasien menggunakan [Ca]-D tinggi (1,85 mmol/L). Penelitian dilakukan Oktober 2013 ? Mei 2014. Analisis statistik dengan uji Mann Whitney dan uji Chi square. Menggunakan SPSS 20.0. Hasil : Sebanyak 46 pasien, terdiri dari 25 laki-laki dan 21 perempuan, dengan rerata usia 50,87 + 12,74 tahun. Lama HD 45,50 (6-168 bulan). Subyek penelitian yang mencapai target kontrol metabolisme sesuai panduan K/DOQI 2002 pada [Ca]-D rendah : Ca terkoreksi, PO4, produk Ca xPO4, dan HPT yang mencapai target sebanyak 8(34,8%), 10(43,5%), 15(65,2%) dan 2(8,7%) pasien. Pada [Ca]-D tinggi didapatkan 10(43,5%), 8(34,8%), 15(65,2%), 8(34,8%) pasien. Penelitian kami mendapatkan dengan [Ca]-D tinggi hasil lebih baik, hal ini tidak sama dengan hasil penelitian DOPPS. Berbeda dengan PO4 yang hasilnya lebih baik dengan [Ca]-D rendah, namun hasil kami juga lebih baik dari penelitian DOPPS. Hasil pada HPT lebih buruk pada [Ca]-D rendah dibandingkan DOPPS, hal ini mungkin disebabkan kami tidak menggunakan vitamin D untuk mengatasi hiperparatiroid sekundernya. Kalsifikasi vaskular dengan metode KAA pada [Ca]-D tinggi sebanyak 13(48,1%) sedangakan pada [Ca]-D rendah sebanyak 14(51,9%). Dengan metode KAAb pada [Ca]-D tinggi didapatkan kalsifikasi sebanyak 16(47,1%) dan pada [Ca]-D rendah didapatkan 18(52,9%) kalsifikasi.

Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan kadar Ca, PO4, produk Ca x PO4, HPT dan kalsifikasi vaskular, pada penggunaan [Ca]-D tinggi dan rendah, tetapi yang berbeda bermakna hanya Ca dan HPT.

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ABSTRACT
Background : The use of calcium dialysate is still controversial. In Indonesia, the dose for [Ca-D] still varies between 1,25 mmol/L ? 1,85 mmol/L. DOPPS study shows failure in achieving optimal calcium, phosphate as well as parathyroid hormone level in the blood as targetted by K/DOQI and is related to significantly increased mortality and is closely related with increased [Ca]-D.

Aim : Evaluate the difference in Serum Ca, PO4, PTH levels and vascular calcification in concentrations of [Ca]-D high and low.

Methods : This is a cross sectional study done in Hemodialysis unit in Nephrology Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. Total subject recruited was 46 patients, 23 patient using low concentration [Ca]-D (1.25 mmol/L) and 23 patients using high concentration [Ca]-D (1.85mmol/L). Research was conducted in October 2013 until May 2014. Analysis was performed using Mann Whitney test and Chi Square, statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0.

Result : A total of 46 patients consisting of 25 men and 21 women, with mean age of 50,87 + 12,74 years. Mean length of Dialysis was 45,50 months (6-168 months). Subjects using low concentration [Ca]-D who reached target concentration according to K/DOQI consisted of : corrected Ca in 8 (34,8%) patients while in high concentration [Ca]-D consisted of 10(43,5%) patients, better than DOPPS study. In terms of phosphate levels, low concentration [Ca]-D achieved target PO4 level in 10(43,5%) patients while high concentration [Ca]-D achieved target in 8(34,8%) patients. Corrected Ca x PO4 target levels were obtained equally in both groups which was 15(65,2%) patients. Target PTH level was achieved in low concentrated [Ca]-D up to 2(8,7%) patients, very low may be caused we did not use vitamin D and 8(34,8%) patients in high concentrated [Ca]-D. Vascular calcification using KAA method showed incidence of 13(48,1%) in high concentrated [Ca]-D and 14(51,9%) in low concentrated [Ca]-D group. On the other hand, KAAb methods revealed calcification of 16(47,1%) in high concentrated [Ca]-D and 18(52,9%) calcification in low concentrated [Ca]-D.

Conclusion : There is a difference in Ca, PO4, Ca X PO4 product serum level and vascular calcification in high and low [Ca]-D in both group however, statistically significant difference was found only in serum Ca and PTH levels.

Abstrak :
Gemuk bio overbased kalsium sulfonat kompleks dibuat dari minyak kelapa sawit terepoksidasi yang digunakan sebagai base oil dan overbased kalsium sulfonat kompleks sebagai thickening agent. Thickening agent yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kalsium sulfonat, kalsium karbonat, dan kalsium hidroksida sebagai sabun utama (overbased kalsium sulfonat) serta kalsium oleat terepoksidasi dan kalsium asetat (kalsium oleat-asetat) sebagai pengompleksnya. Perbandingan campuran kalsium sulfonat-karbonat-hidroksida sebagai overbased kalsium sulfonat dengan kalsium oleat terepoksidasi-asetat sebagai pengompleks yaitu 5% : 95% dan 50% : 50%. Gemuk ini dihasilkan dari proses saponifikasi yang menggunakan reactor batch tertutup, dilanjutkan dengan proses pendinginan, dan terakhir proses homogenisasi. Pengaruh variasi komposisi pengompleks sebagai thickener dapat dilihat dari pengujian karakteristik gemuk bio yang terdiri dari uji sifat fisik dan kimia seperti uji tampilan gemuk, uji mulur, uji penetrasi, dan uji dropping point, serta uji four ball untuk mengetahui performa dari gemuk. Hasil terbaik yang didapat pada perbandingan overbased kalsium sulfonat : kalsium oleat-asetat sebesar 5% : 95% yaitu gemuk dengan komposisi thickening agent 35% dengan rentang penarikan mulur 9.5 cm, tingkat konsistensi NLGI #2, nilai dropping point 250˚C, dan nilai keausan sebesar 0.2 mg. Untuk gemuk dengan perbandingan overbased kalsium sulfonat : kalsium oleat-asetat sebesar 50% : 50% yaitu gemuk dengan komposisi thickening agent 50% dengan rentang penarikan mulur 7 cm, tingkat konsistensi NLGI #2, nilai dropping point 269˚C, dan nilai keausan sebesar 0.3 mg. ......Overbased calcium sulfonate grease bio complex is made from palm oil epoxidized as a base oil and overbased calcium sulfonate complex as a thickening agent. Thickening agent used in this study is calcium sulfonate, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide as a major soap (overbased calcium sulfonate) and epoxidized oleic calcium and acetate calcium (oleic-acetate calcium) as complexing. Comparison of a mixture of calcium sulfonate-carbonate-hydroxide as overbased calcium sulfonate with epoxidized oleic calcium-acetate calcium as complexing is 5% : 95% and 50% : 50%. This grease is produced from the saponification process which uses a closed batch reactor, followed by a cooling process, and the final homogenization process. Effect of complexing composition variations as a thickener can be seen from the test characteristics of bio grease, consisting of physical and chemical properties test such as a test to see grease, creep testing, penetration testing, dropping point testing, and four ball test to determine the performance of the grease. The best results were obtained in comparison overbased calcium sulfonate : oleic calcium-acetate at 5% : 95% are grease with thickening agent composition of 35% with a range of 9.5 cm, the level of consistency of NLGI # 2, the value of dropping point 250˚C, and value of wear 0.2 mg. For the grease by comparison overbased calcium sulfonate : oleic calcium-acetate at 50% : 50% are grease with thickening agent composition of 50% with a range of 7 cm, the level of consistency of NLGI # 2, the value of dropping point 269˚C, and anti-wear value is 0.3 mg.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pada pembuatan gemuk bio ini digunakan Kalsium karbonat atau CaCO3 berukuran submikro-mikro sebagai aditif padat untuk meningkatkan sifat antiwear dari gemuk bio yang dihasilkan dengan NLGI #2. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengepoksidasian minyak sawit pada suhu 65 ˚C; sintesis gemuk bio yang meliputi proses pengadukan, pemanasan, dan saponifikasi pada suhu maksimum 165 ˚C; homogenisasi pada suhu 70 ˚C; serta pengujian karakteristik dan performa gemuk bio yang meliputi uji konsistensi, uji dropping point, serta four ball test untuk menguji sifat antiwear gemuk bio dengan kecepatan putaran sebesar 1150 rpm. Adapun variabel yang terdapat pada penelitian ini yaitu waktu dan suhu selama proses sebagai variabel control; komposisi aditif CaCO3 sebagai variabel bebas; ukuran partikel CaCO3, komposisi base oil, thickener agent, dan BHT serta hasil uji karakteristik sebagai variabel terikat. Hasil yang didapat yaitu gemuk bio NLGI #2 dengan dropping point pada suhu 301 ˚- 317 ˚C. Untuk hasil pengujian antiwear terbaik didapat pada gemuk bio dengan penambahan 3,5% CaCO3 submikro-mikro dengan pengurangan massa ball bearing sebesar 0,7 mg, sementara pada gemuk bio dengan 0% CaCO3 pengurangan tersebut sebesar 250 mg.

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ABSTRACT
In the making of this bio grease, calcium carbonate or CaCO3 in submicro-micro size is used as a solid additive to increase its antiwear properties. To start the research, the epoxidation of palm oil in 65 ˚C is done first; and then synthesizing of bio grease which consists of mixing, heating, and saponification with maximum temperature at 165 ˚C; homogenization in 70 ˚C; and characterization tests that includes the concistency test, dropping point test, and four ball test. The variable contained in this research are time and temperature as control variable; composition of CaCO3 as independent variable; CaCO3 particle size, composition of base oil, thickener agent, BHT, and the result of characterization test as dependent variable. To start the research, the epoxidation of palm oil is done first, and then synthesizing of bio grease, and characterization testing that includes the elasticity test, concistency test, dropping point test, and four ball test in 1150 rpm. The results of this research are, the bio grease has NLGI #2 with 301 ˚- 317 ˚C in dropping point test. For the antiwear test, the best result is possessed by bio grease with 3.5% of CaCO3 addition with reduction of mass ball bearing as much as 0.7 mg, meanwhile in bio grease with 0% of CaCO3 gave 250 mg reduction of mass ball bearing.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Pekerjaan aktivitas rendah (sedentary work) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin. Pada pekerja dengan aktivitas rendah cenderung terjadi stasis urin dan mengakibatkan pengendapan substansi yang terlarut di dalamnya. Hal ini bila dibiarkan terus menerus akan mengakibatkan terjadinya kristal pada urin, termasuk diantaranya adalah kristal kalsium oksalat. Metode : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi kristal kalsium oksalat urin pada pegawai kantor X serta mengetahui hubungan pekerjaan aktivitas rendah (sedentary work) dengan terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan analisa kasus kontrol. Dilakukan pengumpulan data selama bulan Juni 2005 yang meliputi karakteristik responden serta faktor risiko dengan wawancara serta pemeriksaan urinalisa. Juga dilakukan pengisian label uraian aktivitas kerja masing-masing satu orang pada pegawai golongan sedentary dan non sedentary untuk mendapatkan gambaran pekerjaan. Hasil : Dari 261 responden, didapatkan prevalensi kristal kalsium oksalat urin sebesar 41%. Faktor aktivitas kerja rendah (sedentary work) meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin dibandingkan dengan non sedentary (OR= 7,06; 95% CI 3,33;14,99). Kebiasaan makan sedang oksalat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin (OR 21,41; 95% CI 3,85;118,95) dibandingkan dengan rendah oksalat. Kebiasaan kurang minum air putih akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat (OR 3,94; 95% CI 1,86;8,36) dibandingkan dengan cukup minum air putih. Kesimpulan : Aktivitas kerja rendah (sedentary work), kebiasaan makan sedang oksalat dan kurang minum air putih meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin, sehingga dianjurkan pada pekerja golongan sedentary worker untuk mengurangi konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung oksalat dan minum air putih yang cukup.

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Background : Work with low activity (sedentary work) representing one of risk factor for calcium oxalate crystal in urine. At sedentary worker tend to happened urine static and result precipitation of dissolve substance in it. This matter when let continuously will result urine crystal inclusive calcium oxalate crystal. Method : The research intention was to know prevalence of calcium oxalate crystal in urine among office X employee, and also to know relation of low activity work with the calcium oxalate crystal. The research design was cross sectional with case control analysis. Data was collected during June 2005 including respondents characteristic and also risk factor with interview and urinals lest, it?s also done admission filling of work activity table each one employee of sedentary and non sedentary. Result : From 261 respondents got prevalence of calcium oxalate crystal in urine equal to 41%. Low activity work (sedentary work) increased risk of the happening calcium oxalate crystal in urine compared to non sedentary (OR 7,06; 95% (13,33; 14,99). Eat habit with medium oxalate increased risk of the happening calcium oxalate crystal in urine compared to lower oxalate habit (OR 21,41; 95% CI 3,85; 118,95). Less drink water habit increased risk of the happening calcium oxalate crystal in urine compared to enough drink water habit (OR 3,94: 95% CI 1,86,8,36). Conclusion : Sedentary work, eat habit with medium oxalate and less drink water habit have proven increased the risk of calcium oxalate in urine. Therefore it is recommended for sedentary worker to reduce high oxalate food in diet and drink enough water.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penumbuhan senyawa kalsium fosfat pada matriks mucoza ati-ampela ayam. Penumbuhan dengan metode basah menggunakan presipitasi secara perlahan dengan pH fisiologis yang digunakan 7,4 ± 0,4 dan suhu larutan 37 ± 2 oC. Sampel yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan teknik XRD, FTIR dan ESR. Radiasi gamma (Co-60) dengan dosis 10 dan 15 kGy digunakan terlebih dahulu pada sampel sebelum diukur dengan ESR. Profil XRD menunjukkan adanya fasa apatit B dan hidroksiapatit. Massa senyawa kalsium fosfat hasil presipitasi meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan perbandingan konsentrasi komponen penyusunnya namun kenaikannya tidak linier. Gugus fungsi CO3 2- dan PO4 3- terdeteksi pada spektra FTIR pada ν1, ν2 dan ν4 untuk fosfat dan ν2, ν3 untuk karbonat. Finger print FTIR untuk apatit karbonat tipe B terekam pada bilangan gelombang disekitar 1454 cm-1 dan 1405 cm-1 untuk mode vibrasi pita ganda asimetri stretching dan disekitar 875 cm-1 untuk mode vibrasi pita tunggal bending out of plane. Sinyal ESR yang diperoleh identik dengan sinyal ESR tipe apatit. ......The poliferation of calcium phosphate has done in chicken gizzard mucoza matrices. Poliferation using wet method with slow going precipitation with physiological pH 7.4 ± 0.4 and temperature 37 ± 2 oC. The result sample characterized using XRD, FTIR, and ESR technique. Gamma radiation with dose 10 and 15 kGy previously used on the sample before measured by ESR. XRD profile shows the availability of apatite type B and Hydroxyapatite phase. The mass of calcium phosphate ,as the outcome precipitation, increases proportionally with the increase of its arranging component, but the increase is non linier. Function groups CO3 2- and PO4 3- detected in the FTIR spectra between v1, v2, and v4 for phosphate and v2 and v3 for carbonate. FTIR finger print fro carbonate type B recorded on the wave number 1454 cm-1 and 1405 cm-1for doublet, and 875 cm-1 for singlet bending out of plane. The ESR signals gained are identical to ESR signals type apatite.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pekerjaan aktivitas fisik rendah (sedentary work) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin. Pada pekerja dengan aktivitas fisik rendah cenderung terjadi stasis urin dan mengakibatkan pengendapan substansi yang terlarut di dalamnya. Hal ini bila dibiarkan terus menerus akan mengakibatkan terjadinya kristal pada urin, termasuk diantaranya adalah kristal kalsium oksalat. Metode: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi kristal kalsium oksalat urin pada pegawai kantor X serta mengetahui hubungan pekerjaan aktivitas fisik rendah (sedentary work) dengan terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan analisa kasus kontrol. Dilakukan pengumpulan data selama bulan Juni 2005 yang meliputi karakteristik responden serta faktor risiko dengan wawancara serta pemeriksaan urinalisa. Juga dilakukan pengisian tabel uraian aktivitas kerja masing-masing satu orang pada pegawai golongan sedentary dan non sedentary untuk mendapatkan gambaran pekerjaan. Hasil: Dari 261 responden, didapatkan prevalensi kristal kalsium oksalat urin sebesar 41%. Faktor aktivitas kerja rendah (sedentary work) meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin dibandingkan dengan non sedentary (OR= 7,06; 95% CI 3,33; 14,99). Kebiasaan makan sedang oksalat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin (OR 21,41; 95% CI 3,85; 118,95) dibandingkan dengan rendah oksalat. Kebiasaan kurang minum air putih akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat (OR 3,94; 95% CI 1,86;8,36) dibandingkan dengan cukup minum air putih. Kesimpulan: Pekerjaan aktivitas fisik rendah (sedentary work), kebiasaan makan sedang oksalat dan kurang minum air putih meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kristal kalsium oksalat urin, sehingga dianjurkan pada pekerja golongan sedentary worker untuk mengurangi konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung oksalat dan minum air putih yang cukup. ...... Background: Work with low activity (sedentary work) representing one of the risk factors for calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. At sedentary worker tend to happened urine static and result precipitation of dissolve substance in it. This matter when let continuously will result urine crystal, inclusive calcium oxalate crystals. Methode: The research intention was to know prevalence of calcium oxalate crystal in the urine among office X’s employees, and also to know the correlation between low activity work with the calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. The research design was cross sectional with case control analysis. Data was collected during June 2005 including responden characteristics and also the risk factors with interview and urinalisa test. Its also done admission filling of work activity table each one employee of sedentary and non sedentary. Result: From 261 respondens, got prevalence of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine equal to 41%. Low activity work (sedentary work) increased risk of the happening calcium oxalate crystals in the urine compared to non sedentary (OR 7,06; 95% CI 3,33; 14,99). Eat habit with medium oxalate increased risk of the happening calcium oxalate crystals in the urine compared to lower oxalate habit (OR 21,41; 95% CI 3,85; 118,95). Less drink water habit increased risk of the happening calcium oxalate crystals in the urine compared to enough drink water habit (OR 3,94; 95% CI 1,86;8,36). Conclusion: Sedentary work, eat habit with medium oxalate and less drink water habit have proven increased the risk of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine. Therefore it is recommended for sedentary worker to reduce high oxalate food in diet and drink enough water.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan fabrikasi suatu kamar reaksi baru yang akan ditempatkan pada alat difraksi sinar X (XRD). Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan investigasiex situ dari serbuk kalsium fosfat hasil sintesis kimiawi dengan variasi waktu kontak dengan ammonia selama 0, 3, 4, 5, 15, dan 36 jam yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk menginvestigasi proses mineralisasi kalsium fosfat. Selama transformasi kalsium fosfat menjadi hidroksiapatit, telah terdeteksi adanya pembentukan fase-fase perantara, yaitu brushite dan monetite, melalui karakterisasi XRD. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya waktu kontak ammonia dari 4 hingga 36 jam mampu meningkatkan ukuran kristalit mineral dari 9.3 menjadi 16.1 nm. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk investigasi lebih lanjut mengenai mineralisasi kalsium fosfat, khususnya melalui investigasi in situ via XRD. ......In the current research, fabrication of newly-designed reaction chamber for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) has been conducted, followed by ex situ investigation of chemically synthesized CaPwith various time of 0, 3, 4, 5, 15, and 36 hours in contact with ammonia. This route was specifically aimed at investigating the mineralization of CaP. During the transformation of CaP toHydroxy Apatite(HA), formation of intermediate phases, i.e. brushite (DCPD) and monetite (DCPD) is well detected by XRD characterization. Increasing of contact time with alkali atmosphere from 4 to 36 hours has increased the crystallite size of CaP minerals from 9.3 to 16.1 nm. Those results can be a baseline for further investigation of CaP mineralization, especially in situ XRD investigation.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Penglepasan ion kalsium oleh material bioaktif dapat berperan penting dalam peningkatan pH yang diperlukan dalam aktivitas antibakteri dan remineralisasi jaringan keras gigi. Tujuan: untuk menganalisis pelepasan ion kalsium dan peningkatan pH dari MTA modifikasi dan Bioceramic pada periode waktu 1,48,168 jam. Metode: Sampel n=30 dipersiapkan dengan ukuran diameter 3 mm tinggi 3 mm, terdiri dari 15 sampel MTA modifikasi, 15 sampel Bioceramic direndam dalam air deionisasi 1,48,168 jam diukur kadar pelepasan ion kalsium menggunakan AAS dan nilai pH menggunakan pHmeter, Uji Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna diantara semua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi p le;0,05. Kesimpulan: Bioceramic terbukti melepaskan ion kalsium dan peningkatan pH lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MTA modifikasi pada waktu pengukuran 1,48,168 ......Background: Calcium ion release can promote alkalinizing activity and regeneration. Objective: To analyze calcium ion release and pH changes from modified MTA and Bioceramics as bioactive material. Methods: 30 samples are prepared with the size of 3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height. The samples are consist of 15 of modified MTA and 15 of bioceramics. And then immersed in deionized water for an hour which will then be measured in 1, 48, and 168 hours period. And measured atom absorption sphectropometer and pHmeter. Result: Mann Whitney post hoc rsquo s statistic test result showed a significant discrepancy among all groups, with the significant value of p le 0,05. Conclusion: Bioceramics was proven to release more calcium ions and more pH elevation compared to modified MTA during the 1 hour, 48 hour, and 168 hours measurements.

Abstrak :
Karakteristik lapisan anodik oksida hasil anodisasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis elektrolit dan input tegangan yang digunakan selama proses anodisasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan anodisasi paduan Ti-6Al-4V di dalam larutan kalsium hidroksida pada kondisi variasi tegangan 10, 20, dan 30 V. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku korosi paduan akibat perlakuan anodisasi. Proses anodisasi dilakukan pada suhu 25°C selama 20 detik. Proses anodisasi direkam dengan menggunakan digital multimeter untuk menghasilkan kurva arus terhadap waktu anodisasi. Karakterisasi komposisi fasa dan unsur yang terbentuk setelah anodisasi dilakukan dengan uji XRD and EDS. Uji korosi dilakukan dengan metode elektrokimia menggunakan mode: open circuit potential (OCP), polarisasi potensiodinamik (PDP), dan spektroskopi impedansi (EIS). Dari hasil karakterisasi komposisi unsur menggunakan EDS menunjukkan fasa Oksigen yang tinggi pasca anodisasi menandakan bahwa pembentukan lapisan oksida telah terbentuk. Hasil kekerasan Vickers menunjukkan bahwa nilai kekerasan sampel Ti-6Al-4V berada pada rentang 325-380 HV. Sampel dengan variasi tegangan tertinggi (30V-Ca) memiliki ketahanan korosi tertinggi (Icorr=1,16 x10-6A/cm2; Ecorr=-0,18 V). Dalam uji imersi selama 31 hari pada larutan Ringer yang dimodifikasi belum terlihat fasa apatit dalam hasil XRD, hal ini dikarenakan permukaan paduan logam titanium yang inert baik sebelum dan setelah proses anodisasi. ......The characteristics of the anodized anodic oxide layer are strongly influenced by the type of electrolyte and the input voltage used during the anodization process. In this study, the anodization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in calcium hydroxide solution was conducted under various stress conditions of 10, 20, and 30 V. This study analyzed the corrosion behavior of the alloy due to anodizing treatment. The anodization process was conducted at a temperature of 25°C for 20 seconds. The anodization process was recorded using a digital multimeter to produce a current versus anodization time curve. The characterization of the phase and elemental compositions formed after anodization was conducted using XRD and EDS tests. Corrosion tests were conducted by electrochemical methods using the following modes: open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results of the characterization of elemental composition using EDS showed a high oxygen phase after anodization, indicating that the formation of an oxide layer had been formed. The sample with the highest voltage variation (30V-Ca) had the highest corrosion resistance (Icorr=1.16 x10-6A/cm2; Ecorr=-0.18 V). In the immersion test for 31 days in the modified Ringer's solution, the apatite phase was not visible in the XRD results, which was due to the inert surface of the titanium metal alloy both before and after the anodization process