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"Artritis reumatoid merupakan penyakit otoimun yang ditandai dengan inflamasi kronik pada daerah persendian. Rumput mutiara sering digunakan dalam terapi inflamasi dalam praktik pengobatan herbal, tetapi belum banyak data yang mendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiartritis ekstrak etanol 70% rumput mutiara diamati dari penurunan volume udem telapak kaki tikus yang diinduksi Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) serta pengaruhnya terhadap sistem imun diamati dari jumlah leukosit, limfosit serta granulosit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 36 tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley, dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol normal dan kontrol induksi, keduanya diberikan CMC 0,5%, kelompok kontrol diklofenak diberikan suspensi natrium diklofenak 1 mg/200 g bb tikus, kelompok variasi dosis diberikan ekstrak etanol 70% rumput mutiara dengan variasi dosis berturut-turut, 28,06 mg; 63,14 mg; dan 142,07 mg/200 g bb tikus. Semua kelompok diinduksi dengan 0,1 ml CFA pada hari ke-1 kecuali kontrol normal. Bahan uji diberikan satu kali sehari secara oral pada hari ke-2 sampai 28. Pengukuran volume telapak kaki dilakukan pada hari ke-7, 14, 21 dan 28 setelah induksi, dan penghitungan jumlah leukosit, limfosit dan granulosit dilakukan pada hari ke-14 dan 28. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% rumput mutiara dengan variasi dosis yang diberikan belum mampu menurunkan volume udem, tetapi mampu menurunkan jumlah leukosit, limfosit serta granulosit secara signifikan pada kelompok dosis 142,07 mg/200 g bb.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the joints. Pearl grass are often used in inflmamation therapy in the practice of herbal medicine, but not a lot of data that support. This study aimed to determine the anti-arthritic effect of 70% ethanolic extract of pearl grass in terms of reduction in edema volume on rat foot induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and its influence on the immune system in terms of the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes. This study used 36 male white rats Sprague-Dawley strain, were divided into 6 groups. Normal control and induction control group, both given 0.5% CMC, the diclofenac control group given a suspension of sodium diclofenac 1 mg/200 g bw, the dose variation is given by the variation of pearl grass extract consecutive doses, 28,06 mg; 63,14 mg; dan 142,07 mg/200 g bw. All the groups induced with 0,1 ml of CFA on day-1 except for the normal controls. Test material administered orally once daily on days 2 through 28. Foot-pad volume measurements performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after induction, and the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes counted on day 14 and 28. The results showed that the extract of pearl grass with a given dose variations have not been able to reduce the volume of edema, but can decrease leukocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes in a significant at 142,07 mg/200 g bw dose groups."

"ABSTRAKObat anti inflamasi non steroid sudah dipergunakan sajak lama dalam pengobatan penyakit rematik. Jenis obat yang pertama kali dikenal adalah prepafat asam asetil salisilat, yang dipergunakan oleh Felix Hofman dalam pengobatan penyakit rematik pada tahun 1893.Penelitian yang akan kami lakukan berdasarkan bahwa pemakaian obat anti inflamasi non steroid sering disertai dengan antasid, dengan maksud untuk mengurangi atau mencegah efek samping pada gaster dan duodenum. Biasanya penilitian terhadapefek samping berdasarkan keluhan subjektif atau objektif tidak langsung, seperti pemeriksaan darah dalam feses. Keadaan secara objektif dalam hal ini gambaran endoskopi, perlu diteliti untuk dapat dilihat secara jelas. Selain itu dengan dosis antasid yang biasa diberikan akan mempunyai daya lindung terhadap mukosa gaster atau duodenum, juga diperlukan pemeriksaan yang lebih terarah, dalam hal ini endoskopi. DiIndonesia sepanjang yang kami ketahui penelitian ini belum pernah dilakukan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah :1. Menentukan kelainan endoskopi pada gaster dan duodenum, Serta membandingkan kelainan yang didapat antara sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan, pada pemakaian obat anti inflamasi non steroid bersama antasid.2. Membandingkan gejala subjektif dan objektif yang diketahui dengan pemeriksaan endoskopi.3. Menentukan lokasi pada gaster dan duodenum yang sering didapatkan kelainan.4. Menentukan jenis kelainan yang sering terjadi.5. Menentukan secara klinis hasil pengobatan kelainan sendi.

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"Latar Belakang: Artritis septik merupakan inflamasi pada sendi akibat inokulasi mikroorganisme. Artritis septik dapat menimbulkan luaran buruk berupa sepsis, amputasi, hingga kematian. Namun belum ada penelitian yang meneliti faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi luaran buruk artritis septik di Indonesia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil artritis septik dan luaran buruk di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dimana data diperoleh dari rekam medis RSCM tahun 2017 – 2023. Luaran buruk didefinisikan sebagai kematian, sepsis, atau amputasi selama rawat inap. Hasil: Terdapat 74 subjek penelitian yang diikutkan pada analisis data.Didapatkan sebagian besar subjek penelitian (61 subjek (82,44%)) berusia <65 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki (44 subjek (59,46%)), terkena di genu unilateral (51 subjek (68,92%)), memiliki hasil kultur cairan sendi steril (32 subjek (43,24%) dimana bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah S. aureus (11 subjek (14,86%)), tidak memiliki komorbiditas (36 subjek (48,65%)) dimana komorbiditas terbanyak adalah hipertensi (26 subjek (35,14%)), tidak memiliki penyakit lain sendi (55 subjek (74,33%)) dimana penyakit lain sendi terbanyak adalah gout (8 subjek (10,81%)). Didapatkan luaran buruk pada 11 subjek (14,86%) dimana semuanya mengalami sepsis dan 4 (5,41%) di antaranya meninggal dunia. Tidak didapatkan subjek yang mengalami amputasi. Kesimpulan: Sebagai kesimpulan, proporsi luaran buruk sebesar 14,86%. Sebagian besar subjek penelitian berusia <65 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, terkena di genu, memiliki hasil kultur cairan sendi steril, tidak memiliki komorbiditas dimana komorbiditas paling banyak adalah hipertensi, dan tidak memiliki penyakit lain sendi dimana penyakit lain sendi paling banyak adalah gout. Luaran buruk terbanyak adalah sepsis.

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Background: Septic arthritis is inflammation of the joints due to inoculation of microorganisms. Septic arthritis can lead to various poor outcomes such as sepsis, amputation, and even death. However, there has been no research examining the factors influencing the poor outcomes of septic arthritis in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to determine the septic arthritis profile and its poor outcomes in RSCM. Methods: This research is a descriptive study where data was obtained from RSCM medical records from 2017 to 2023. The profiles examined are age, comorbidities, microbiological profile, and prior other joint diseases. Poor outcomes were defined as death, sepsis, or amputation during hospitalization. Results: There were 74 research subjects included in the data analysis. %. Most of the research subjects (61 subjects (82.44%)) were <65 years old, male (44 subjects (59.46%)), affected in the one knee joint (51 subjects (68.92%)), had sterile synovial fluid culture (32 subjects (43.24%) in which the most common bacteria found was S. aureus (11 subjects (14.86%)), had no comorbidities (36 subjects (48.65%)) in which the most common comorbidities were hypertension (26 subjects (35.14%)), without prior other joint disease (55 subjects (74.33%)) in which the most common prior other joint diseases were gout (8 subjects (10.81%)). Poor outcome was observed in 11 subjects (14,86%) whereas all experienced sepsis, of which 4 subjects (5.41%) died. There were no subjects who had undergone amputation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the proportion of poor outcome was 14.86%. Subjects were predominantly <65 years old, male, affected in one knee joint, had no comorbidities whereas hypertension was the most common comorbidity, had a sterile synovial joint culture, and had no prior other joint diseases whereas gout was the most common prior other joint disease. Most of the poor outcome is sepsis."

"ABSTRAKBackgrounds : There was a two-fold increase in cardiovascular-related mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Postprandial triglyceride (PPTG) related to increased risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, mortality and elevated level of adhesion molecules. Increased endothelial adhesion molecules was a sign of endothelial activation, an early process in the development of atherosclerotic lesion. There was no study evaluating the role of NTG in cardiovascular risk assessment in RA patients. Aim : This study observed the relationship between PPTG and sICAM-1 and sE-selectin, as markers of endothelial activation. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study of fifty consecutively-recruited RA patients. Lipid profiles, sICAM-1, and sE-selectin were measured postprandially. Further analysis using multiple regression was performed. Results : There was no correlation found between PPTG and sICAM-1, nor NTG and sE-selectin. Level of sICAM-1 was influenced by HDL (R2=0,087) while sE-selectin was influenced by DAS-28 (R2=0,174), body mass index (R2=0,125), and postprandial glucose (R2=0,138). Conclusion : PPTG did not correlated with sICAM-1 and sE-selectin in RA patients.

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ABSTRACTBackgrounds : There was a two-fold increase in cardiovascular-related mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Postprandial triglyceride (PPTG) related to increased risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, mortality and elevated level of adhesion molecules. Increased endothelial adhesion molecules was a sign of endothelial activation, an early process in the development of atherosclerotic lesion. There was no study evaluating the role of NTG in cardiovascular risk assessment in RA patients. Aim : This study observed the relationship between PPTG and sICAM-1 and sE-selectin, as markers of endothelial activation. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study of fifty consecutively-recruited RA patients. Lipid profiles, sICAM-1, and sE-selectin were measured postprandially. Further analysis using multiple regression was performed. Results : There was no correlation found between PPTG and sICAM-1, nor NTG and sE-selectin. Level of sICAM-1 was influenced by HDL (R2=0,087) while sE-selectin was influenced by DAS-28 (R2=0,174), body mass index (R2=0,125), and postprandial glucose (R2=0,138). Conclusion : PPTG did not correlated with sICAM-1 and sE-selectin in RA patients."

"Mortalitas penderita artritis reumatoid(AR) yang cukup tinggi disebabkan oleh penyakit kardiovaskular akibat aterosklerosis.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifitas skor kalsifikasi arkus aorta di foto polos toraks berdasarkan klasifikasi Ogawa dalam mendeteksi aterosklerosis pada penderita AR. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 76 pasien AR di Poliklinik Reumatologi RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sensitivitas 25% dan spesifitas 91,7% pada titik potong skor Ogawa 3,125%, dengan demikian lebih baik untuk mendeteksi pasien AR tanpa aterosklerosis. Pasien AR dengan kalsifikasi arkus aorta kemungkinan memiliki aterosklerosis sebesar 3,7 kali daripada pasien AR tanpa kalsifikasi arkus aorta.

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Mortality of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients which is quite high caused by cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis. This study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the aortic arch calcification score on plain chest X-ray based on classification Ogawa in detecting atherosclerosis in RA patients. This study used a cross-sectional design in 76 patients at the Rheumatology Division Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The results showed a sensitivity of 25% and specificity of 91.7% at the cut off point Ogawa scores 3.125%, thus it is better to detect RA patients without atherosclerosis. The possibility of arthritis rheumatoid patients with aortic arch calcification having atherosclerosis by 3.7 times than RA patients without aortic arch calcification."

"Summary: Arthritis in Black and White, by Anne C. Brower, MD and Donald J. Flemming, MD, provides you with a concise, practical introduction to the radiographic diagnosis of arthritic disorders. Completely revised, this popular, easy-to-read resource contains high-quality digital radiographs with correlating MRIs throughout and a practical organization that aids in your recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of common arthritides. In print and online at www.expertconsult.com, it is perfect for residents in training and experienced radiologists wishing to refresh their knowledge. Easily reference diagnostic guidance by presenting symptom, see what to look for, and understand how to effectively diagnose the patient. Reference key information quickly and easily thanks to a consistent, user-friendly format and a unique two-part organization (radiologic approaches to specific joints and full description of the individual common arthritides) that facilitates finding the exact information you need for any joint in the body."

"Artritis reumatoid ialah penyakit poliartritis kronik progresif yang menimbulkan deformasi, meliputi multisistem dan disertai morbiditas yang nyata. Obat-obatan imunosupresif telah digunakan untuk mengurangi/menghambat progresi penyakit. Penelitian ini diadakan untuk membandingkan keberhasilan azatioprin dan siklosporin pada penderita artritis reumatoid. Penelitian meliputi 100 penderita artritis reumatoid (sesuai kriteria American Rheumatism Association, 1987) yang dibagi atas dua kelompok: kelompok I mendapat azatioprin 1 mg/kg/h dan kelompok II mendapat siklosporin 2,5-3,0 mg/kg/h selama 16 minggu. Penilaian keberhasilan berdasarkan parameter klinis, biokimiawi dan radiologis. Semua penderita menunjukkan perbaikan nyata (nilai p < 0.001) pada semua parameter klinis, yaitu hilangnya nyeri, berkurangnya kekakuan pagi hari, sendi yang nyeri/membengkak dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk berjalan sejauh 50 kaki serta menguatnya kekuatan genggaman. Semua penderita menunjukkan penurunan LED (p < .001) tanpa perubahan apapun pada titer faktor reumatoid. Kedua obat menunjukkan keberhasilan yang sama (nilai p tidak bermakna) dalam hal perbaikan parameter klinis dan biokimiawi. Tetapi dengan siklosporin erosi tulang dan osteoporosis yukstaartikular lebih banyak berkurang. Sepuluh penderita menunjukkan nefrotoksisitas dengan siklosporin. Siklosporin lebih baik dari azatioprin dalam hal mengurangi derajat progresi kelainan sendi pada artritis reumatoid, tetapi insidens efek samping lebih tinggi, yang pada umumnya dapat diatasi. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 153-7)

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive deforming polyarthritic disease involving multisystems and associated with considerable morbidity. Immunosuppressive drugs have been used to reduce/arrest the progression of the disease. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Azathioprine and cyclosporin in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. Study consisted of 100 patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis (as per criteria of American Rheumatism Association, 1987) divided into two groups : group I received Azathioprine 1 mg/kg/d and group II received cyclosporin 2.5-3.0 mg/kg/d for 16 weeks. Assessment of efficacy was based on clinical, biochemical and radiological parameters. All patients showed marked improvemen (p value < 0.001) in all clinical parameters i.e. relief in pain, reduction in morning stiffness, painful/swollen joint along with walking time for 50 feet and increase in grip strength. All patients showed reduction (p < 0.001) in ESR without any change in rheumatoid factor titres. Both drugs showed equal efficacy (p value = NS) in improvement of clinical and biochemical parameters. But cyclosporin showed more reduction in bony erosions and juxtaarticular osteoporosis. Ten patients showed nephrotoxicity with cyclosporin. Cyclosporin has an edge over azathioprine in reducing the rate of progression of joint change in Rheumatoid Arthritis but is associated with increased incidence of side effects that are generally manageable. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 153-7)"

"Pada awal penyakit diagnosis Artritis reumatoid (AR) sering dikacaukan dengan Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES). Persendian terutama pada tangan dapat terserang pada kedua penyakit, sehingga pasien LES sering salah diagnosis sebagai AR. Oleh karena hasil-akhir dari kedua penyakit ini sangat berbeda , maka dibutuhkan suatu marker serologik untuk membedakan keduanya pada saat awitan penyakit. Antibodi anti-citrullinated peptide (anti ?CCP) telah dilaporkan sangat spesifik pada AR. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memastikan spesifitas antibodi anti-CCP pada AR dan kemungkinan antibodi ini dapat membedakan pasien RA dari SLE. Penelitian ini suatu studi potong-lintang pada pasien AR (n=27), LES dengan artritis (n=20). penyakit otoimun lain (non-reumatik, n=8) dan kontrol dewasa (n=20). Anti-CCP diperiksa dengan cara Elisa dan faktor-reumatoid (FR) dengan uji latex. Sensitivitas dan spesifitas anti-CCP untuk diagnosis RA adalah 63.0% dan 97.9%, dibandingkan dengan FR yang hanya sebesar 40.7% dan 85.4%. Hanya 1 dewasa sehat dengan anti-CCP+, tidak satupun pasien LES maupun pasien penyakit otoimun lain yang mempunyai anti-CCP+. Nilai rerata titer anti-CCP pada dewasa sehat, penyakit otoimun lain, LES dan AR berturut-turut sebesar 1.35 ± 2.04, 0.63 ± 0.59, 0.75 ± 0.59, and 38.17 ± 44.22 RU/ml. Terdapat perbedaan sangat bermakna di antara titer anti-CCP pada pasien AR dengan yang lainnya (p<0.001). Disimpulkan bahwa deteksi anti-CCP sangat berguna untuk diagnosis AR, dan untuk membedakan AR dari LES. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 227-31)

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Diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be confused in their initial stages. The joints, especially the hands, are commonly affected in both disorders, many patients with SLE are initially misdiagnosed as having RA Given that the outcome for the two diseases is diverse, it would be helpful to have serological marker to distinguish between them at onset. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) have recently been described as highly specific for RA. The objective of this study is to confirm the specificity of anti-CCP antibodies and to determine whether they might distinguish patients with RA from those with SLE. This study is a cross sectional study on a group of patients with RA (n=27), SLE with arthritis (n=20), other autoimmune diseases (non-rheumatic diseases, n = 8), and healthy adults (n=20). Anti-CCP was determined by a commercial Elisa test and Rheumatoid factor (RF) was determined by the standard slide latex test. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP for the diagnosis of RA was 63.0% and 97.9% respectively, comparing with RF for RA that was 40.7 % and 85.4 %. Only 1 healthy adult was anti-CCP+, no anti-CCP was detected from SLE and other autoimmune disease. The mean of titer anti CCP in normal healthy adult, other autoimmune diseases, SLE and RA was 1.35 ± 2.04, 0.63 ± 0.59, 0.75 ± 0.59, and 38.17 ± 44.22 RU/ml, respectively. There was a highly significant difference between the mean of titer anti CCP for RA with others diseases (p<0.001). We conclude that detection of anti-CCP is very useful for the diagnosis of RA and distinguishing RA from SLE. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 227-31)."