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Abstrak :
Topical fluoridation recently has become the method of choice in caries prevention. Flouride plays an important role not only in the formation of fluoroapatite, but also promoting enamel remineralization. Enamel remineralization occur when the enamel environtment supersaturated with calcium and phospate ions. When the pH level decrease, the rise of H ions, the hydroxyl of the apatite will be drawn out from the enamel, and substitute by fluoride ion, this condition will causes apatite breakdown and both calcium and phosphate will be released to the enamel environment. The release of those minerals, will cause supersaturation and promoting enamel remineralization. In the nature fluoride can be found in the sea fishes, such like teri (anchovy, Stolephorus sp) fishes. Teri fish has about 17-38 ppm of fluoride content. The high fluoride content of teri fish, lead this research to know the influence of it's application to the enamel surface on remineralization process, measured with enamel surface roughness and hardness tests. Seven enamel discs, 5 x 10 mm (W and L) obtained from 4 impacted third molars, were used in the research. One disc used as initial control, and 6 discs divided into 2 groups, used as experiment groups. All of the experimental discs demineralized using 50% phosphoric acid, then 3 of them were applied with teri substrate, wether other 3 discs applied with non ionic aquadest. All experimental discs, then immersed in the remineralization solution containing calcium phosphate stabilized with caseinphosphoptide. The cycle above repeated for 26 times. Analize of the specimens, were done using surfcom for enamel roughness and Buehler microhardness tester for surface hardness. Surface roughness of the teri group is 1,78 um compare to the initial group (215 um), and enamel surface microhardness of the teri group is (376 VHN), significantly differ from the control group, 358 VHN. Conclusion: Based on this research result, it can be concluded that : Teri fish substrate application on enamel surface causes the enhancement of enamel remineralization, as evaluated by surface roughness and micro hardness.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan dan jenis mikroplastik pada ikan teri Stolephorus indicus dan air di Teluk Lada, Tanjung Lesung, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten. Pengambilan sampel ikan dan air dilakuakan pada 3 stasiun dengan jarak 1-3 km pada masing-masing stasiun. Sampel (n = 12). Sampel ikan teri diekstraksi dengan 1M NaOH dan 5% Lauryl Sulphate (SDS). Sementara itu, sampel air diisolasi dengan mencampurkan air dengan larutan NaCl jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada stasiun 1 sebanyak 228,33 ± 48,04 partikel ind-1 pada ikan teri, 153,44 ±11,55 partikel l-1 pada air. Stasiun 2 sebanyak 283,33 ± 22,54 partikel ind-1 pada ikan teri, 170,55 ± 10,03 partikel l-1 pada air. Pada stasiun 3 sebanyak 226, 67 ± 10,40 partikel ind-1 pada ikan teri, 144 ± 3,92 partikel l-1 pada air. Selain itu, 216,30 ± 30,13 ind-1 mikroplastik ditemukan pada ikan teri yang diambil dari pasar tradisional sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menemukan jenis mikroplastik fiber, film, fragment dan granula. Jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada ikan teri adalah fiber (77,41%), film (16,64%), fragmen (5,6%) dan granula (0,35%). Sedangkan sampel air mengandung fiber (81,03%), film (11,92%), fragmen (7,0%) dan granula (0,05%). Fiber adalah jenis mikroplastik yang mendominasi pada setiap sampel. Jumlah Mikroplastik yang terdapat pada air memiliki korelasi positif hubungan sangat kuat terhadap jumlah mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada ikan teri Stolephorus indicus. ......This research is aims to investigate the abundance and types of microplastics contained in anchovies stolephorus indicus and water from Teluk Lada (Lada Bay), Tanjung Lesung, Pandeglang, Banten. Fish and water sampling was carried out at 3 stations with a distance of 1-3 km at each station. Sampled (n = 12). Anchovies sample were extracted by 1M NaOH and 5% Lauryl Sulphate (SDS). Meanwhile, water samples were treated by mixed it into NaCl concentrate solution. The results show that abundance of microplastic at Station 1 of 228,33 ± 48.04 ind-1 in anchovies and 153,44 ± 11,55 l-1 in water. Station 2 were 283,33 ± 22,54 ind-1 in anchovies and 170,55 ± 10,03 l-1 in water. At station 3 there were 226,67 ± 10,40 ind-1 and 144 ± 3,92 particles l-1 microplastic particles were found in the anchovies and water, respectively. In addition, 216.30 ± 30.13 ind-1 microplastics were found in anchovies taken from traditional market as a control. The results of this study found that microplastic types of fiber, films, fragments and granules. The types of microplastics found in anchovies were fibers (77,41%), films (16,64%), fragments (5,6%) and a little amount of granules (0,35%) Meanwhile the water samples is contained with fibers (81,03%), films (11,92%), fragments (7,0%) and a little amount of granules (0,05%). Our study found that fibers are the dominant pollutant in all samples and the amount of microplastics contained in water is strongly related to the amount of microplastics found in anchovies.

Abstrak :
Pencemaran mikroplastik di seluruh bagian lautan telah menjadi masalah global. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah dan bentuk mikroplastik yang terdapat pada ikan teri (Stolephorus indicus) dan ikan gulamo (Johnius belangerii) di perairan Muara Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat stasiun: 12 sampel ikan teri dan ikan gulamo diambil dari setiap stasiun melalui hasil tengkapan nelayan dengan menggunakan jaring. Untuk degradasi bahan organik dan deteksi partikel mikrolastik, baik yang berada di ikan teri dan ikan gulamo (pada bagian insang dan pencernaan) dilakukan dengan menggunakan hidrogen peroksida, kemudian dilakukan penambahan NaCl untuk memisahkan bahan organik dari mikroplastik sehingga dapat dilihat lebih jelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 3 jenis partikel mikrolastik yang ditemukan pada ikan teri dan ikan gulamo; fiber, merupakan jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan (91.54% pada ikan teri; 97.87% pada ikan gulamo), kemudian film (5.03% pada ikan teri dan 1,6% pada ikan gulamo), dan fragmen (3,43% pada ikan teri dan 0,53% pada ikan gulamo). Kelimpahan mikroplastik terbesar pada ikan teri ditemukan di stasiun 4 dengan 141±6,42 partikel/ind dan 828 partikel/g. stasiun 4 juga menjadi tempat dimana ditemukan kelimpahan mikroplastik terbesar pada ikan gulamo dengan jumlah 422±6.03 partikel/ind dan 111 mikroplastik/g. Analisis statistk deskriptif dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Spearmanndan uji Kruskal – Wallis. Hasil Uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara kelimpahan mikroplastik pada ikan teri dengan massa tubuh, sedangkan pada gulamo ditemukan adanya hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik terhadap berat badan dengan sifat berbanding lurus. Hasil Uji Kruskall-Wallis menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan jumlah partikel mikroplastik yang signifikan pada ikan teri, sedangkan gulamo memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada jumlah partikel mikroplastik. ......Microplastic pollution in all parts of the ocean has become a global problem; therefore, we aimed to determine the amount and form of microplastics found in anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) and Gulamo (Johnius belangerii) in the mouth of the Musi River, South Sumatra, Indonesia. This study consisted of four stations: 12 anchovy and gulamo samples were collected from fishermen catches using fishing nets. To degrade organic matter and enable detection of microplastic particles, both anchovy and gulamo gastrointestinal contents and gills were subjected to hydrogen peroxide digestion, followed by the addition of NaCl to separate the organic matter from microplastics so can be see more clearly. There were 3 types of microplastics were found in anchovies and gulamos: fiber, the most common type (91,54% in anchovies; 97,87% in gulamos), followed by films (5,03% in anchovies; 1,6% in gulamos) and fragments (3,43% in anchovies; 0,53% in gulamos). In anchovies, the greatest abundance of microplastics was observed at station 4 with 141±6.42 particles/individual and 828 particles/g. In Gulamo, a large abundance of microplastics was found at station 4 with 422±6.03 particles/individual and 111 microplastics/g. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using withe Spearman test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Spearmaan test showed no correlation between anchovy and body mass, whereas in gulamo, the correlation to body weight was directly proportional. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed no significant difference in the number of microplastic particles in anchovies, whereas the gulamo had a significant difference