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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Alveolar bone loss dapat terjadi karena ketidakseimbangan remodeling tulang. Selain kehilangan tinggi, tulang alveolar juga mengalami penurunan volume tulang trabekula. Sudah banyak studi yang menilai densitas tulang dengan status periodontal, namun masih sangat sedikit yang melakukannya pada subjek dengan metabolisme tulang yang sehat. Tujuan: Memperoleh hasil evaluasi densitas radiografik interproksimal individu laki-laki dan perempuan usia 25-40 tahun dengan kondisi kehilangan tinggi alveolar sampai dengan setengah akar. Metode: Studi cross-sectional dengan 160 sampel (80 tinggi alveolar normal dan 80 kehilangan tinggi alveolar) radiograf panoramik digital individu laki-laki dan perempuan usia 25-40 tahun dari data sekunder di RSKGM FKG UI. Evaluasi densitas radiografik menggunakan metode pixel intensity dari hasil pengukuran nilai rerata graylevel menggunakan aplikasi I-Dixel Morita di interproksimal alveolar regio premolar dua mandibula. Selanjutnya, evaluasi kesepakatan pengukuran intraobserver dan interobserver dilakukan dengan uji reliabilitas interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Analisis deskriptif dan uji komparatif dilakukan antar kategori kondisi tinggi alveolar dan jenis kelamin. Hasil: Hasil analisis rerata densitas berdasarkan kondisi tinggi alveolar, didapati terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara kondisi tinggi alveolar normal dan kehilangan tinggi alveolar. Evaluasi densitas interproksimal kondisi kehilangan tinggi alveolar lebih rendah (120.61 ± 1,92) dibandingkan kondisi tinggi alveolar normal (135.71 ± 1,57). Pada analisis rerata densitas antar jenis kelamin, terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar jenis kelamin dengan kondisi tinggi alveolar berbeda, tetapi antar jenis kelamin dengan kondisi tinggi alveolar yang sama tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna. Densitas interproksimal pada kondisi tinggi alveolar normal kelompok subjek perempuan (135,10 ± 1,90) memiliki rata-rata densitas lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok subjek laki-laki (137,80 ± 2,41). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna densitas interproksimal alveolar antara kelompok kondisi tinggi alveolar normal dan kehilangan tinggi alveolar, serta tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antar jenis kelamin pada kondisi tinggi alveolar yang sama. ......Background: Alveolar bone loss occur because of the imbalance of bone remodeling process. In addition to decrease of alveolar height, it reduce trabecular volume as well. Several studies have already address the assessment of bone density with periodontal status, but there is little knowledge to assess it with healthy subjects. Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain results of interproximal radiographic density evaluation of male and female individuals aged 25-40 years old with the condition og losing alveolar height up to half of the root. Method: Cross-sectional study with 160 samples (80 normal alveolar height and 80 loss of alveolar height) digital panoramic of male and female individuals 25-40 years old using secondary data at RSKGM FKG UI. Evaluation of radiographic density used the pixel intensity method from the result of measuring mean graylevel value with I-Dixel Morita application in the alveolar interproximal region of the mandibular second premolar. Furthermore, the reliability evaluation of intraobserver and interobserver measurement was carried out by testing interclass correlation (ICC). Descriptive and comparative tests were permorfed between categories of alveolar height conditions and gender. Result: The analysis of average density between different alveolar height showed there was a statistically significant difference between normal alveolar height and decreased alveolar height. Evaluation of interproximal density in condition loss of alveolar height was lower (120,61 ± 1,92) than in condition normal alveolar height (135.71 ± 1,57). In average density between genders analysis showed statistically significant differences were found between genders with different alveolar height conditions, but there is no significant difference were found between gender with same alveolar height conditions. The interproximal density in normal alveolar height of the female subject group (135,10 ± 1,90) had an average density lower than the male subject group (137,80 ± 2,41). Conclusion: There was significant difference of interproximal density between normal alveolar height group and loss of alveolar height, and there was no significant difference between genders on same alveolat height condition

Abstrak :
In cases of advanced alveolar bone loss frequently associated with periodontal pockets that may not be accessible by conservative therapy, corrective surgery is often indicated as osseous resective and complete debridement therapy. Transplantation of osseous fill material is often necessary, as a surgical intervention may create an alveolar bone defect. In this reported case of surgery, a cortico-cancellous bone graft taken from the mandibular symphysis was transplanted in a mixture with human mineralized bone from the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya Bone Bank, expecting for osseous regeneration to reduce the bony defect. Six months after surgery the morphology of the reconstructed alveolar process was satisfactory and showing new growth of bone

Abstrak :
Purpose of the study: This study is undertaken to investigate the prevalence of smoking among dental undergraduates students in the University of Malaya, and to study the effects of smoking on the interproximal bone heights. Materials and method: A smoking habits questionnaire was distributed to the 299 Dental Undergraduate students of Year 2 to Year 5. Students were divided into groups of smokers (history of smoking for at least 1 year), former smokers (history of smoking and stopped more than 1 year) and non smokers (no smoking history). Two bitewing radiographs (left and right) were taken from 14 smokers and 5 former smokers. In addition, 14 students were randomly picked as control group, and their previously taken bitewing radiographs were collected. Interproximal bone loss defined as the distance (mm) from CEJ to the alveolar crest (AC) was measured using caliper, magnifier and metal ruler. Results: The prevalence of smokers and former smokers among dental students was 5.57% and 1.99%, respectively. Mean ± SEM of the CEJ-AC distance for smokers and non smokers was 1.063 ± 0.066 mm and 0.849 ± 0.050 mm, respectively. The difference was statistically significant between the smokers and non smokers (p<0.05). Mean ± SEM of bone loss among the smoker was 0.204 ± 0.066 mm. There was no satistically significant difference between former smokers and non smokers (p>0.05). Premolar is the most affected tooth in smokers, with a mean ± SEM of the CEJ-AC distance of 1.350 ± 0.102 mm. Conclusions: Smoking prevalence among dental undergraduate students was very low. Smokers have more bone destruction than the non-smokers.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Penyakit periodontitis masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di bidang kedokteran gigi. Menurut WHO 2012 , 15-20 penduduk dunia mengalami penyakit periodontal yang parah. Penelitian mengenai perawatan penyakit periodontitis sampai saat ini masih terus dikembangkan untuk mencari teknik terapi atau obat pilihan yang terbaik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah model kerusakan tulang alveolar yang terkendali, sederhana, dan memiliki kesamaan kondisi kerusakan dengan penyakit periodontal pada manusia untuk dijadikan model referensi yang terstandar. Tujuan: Membuat model kerusakan tulang alveolar periodontitis terstandar pada regio maksila anterior tikus Rattus norvegicus Wistar dengan komprehensif dan terkendali. Bahan dan metode: Injeksi LPS E.coli dengan konsentrasi 200mg, 500mg, 750mg dalam 200?l larutan saline pada regio maksila anterior tikus Wistar. Setelah hari ke-7 dikorbankan, rahang maksila didiseksi. Sampel difoto dengan stereomikroskop dan dilakukan analisis tinggi penurunan tulang dengan aplikasi ImageJ. Hasil: Kerusakan tulang alveolar terbesar terjadi pada konsentrasi 200mg, dengan rata-rata tinggi penurunan tulang adalah 1.48mm. Pada konsentrasi 500mg dan 750mg, masing-masing terdapat tikus yang mati pada hari pertama dan kedua pasca injeksi LPS. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi LPS 200mg dalam 200?l saline merupakan anjuran dosis optimal yang dapat diinjeksikan pada tulang rahang anterior maksila tikus Wistar untuk menghasilkan kerusakan tulang alveolar.

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ABSTRACT<>br> Introduction Periodontitis still remains as a major oral health problem. According to WHO 2012 , 15 20 of the world rsquo s population experience severe periodontal disease. Research about periodontitis treatment is still being developed to find the best drug of choice. Therefore, a controlled and simple model of periodontitis, that reiterates the features of human rsquo s disease, is required to be a standarized reference model..Aim To establish a standarized model of bone destruction in maxillary anterior Rattus norvegicus induced by lipopolysaccharide Method Bone destruction periodontitis was induced by injection of 200mg, 500mg, and 750mg LPS E.coli in 200 l saline into maxillary anterior region. Animals were sacrificed after 7 days, and the maxillary jaw were dissected. Samples were photographed with stereomicroscope and bone loss were examined by ImageJ. Results The highest bone loss occured at 200mg LPS injection, with an average height of bone loss was 1.48mm. Where as in 500mg and 750mg, there were 3 Wistar rats died on the first and second day after LPS injection. Conclusion Injection of 200mg LPS in 200 l saline into maxillary anterior region Wistar rat is an optimal dose recommendation to induced alveolar bone loss.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Fusobacterium nuclatum merupakan salah satu bakteri yang berperan dalam periodontitis, suatu kondisi inflamasi kronis karena adanya perubahan hubungan inang dengan bakteri yang ditandai dengan kerusakan pada jaringan periodonsium dan tulang alveolar. Tujuan: Mengkaji secara sistematis peran bakteri Fusobacterium nucleatum dalam mekanisme kerusakan tulang alveolar pada penyakit periodontitis. Metode: Penyusunan systematic review dilakukan dari bulan Juli hingga November 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada dua database yaitu PubMed dan Scopus yang mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) dengan memasukkan kata kunci, kriteria inklusi, dan kriteria eksklusi. Literatur yang memenuhi syarat dievaluasi pada empat kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel dipublikasikan dalam Bahasa Inggris, diterbitkan dalam waktu 10 tahun terakhir, artikel tersedia dalam full text, dan jurnal berupa research article. Hasil: Terdapat lima jurnal yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yang membahas mekanisme kerusakan tulang oleh whole bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum. Mekanisme tersebut dapat terjadi melalui peningkatan produksi mediator inflamasi oleh sel target yaitu IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL20 dan CXCL. Selain itu, pemberian beban biomekanis selama infeksi Fusobacterium nucleatum menyebabkan produksi PGE2 dan COX2 menjadi lebih tinggi. Peningkatan mediator inflamasi dan enzim ini menyebabkan terjadi ketidakseimbangan rasio RANKL:OPG sehingga diferensiasi osteogenik menurun dan pada akhirnya menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan tulang alveolar. Kesimpulan: Fusobacterium nucleatum terlibat dalam proses kerusakan tulang alveolar melalui induksi respons inflamasi, dan inhibisi diferensiasi osteogenik yang terstimulasi dengan pemberian beban biomekanik. ......Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum is a bacteria that play a role in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs due to imbalance in the host-microbial homeostasis, characterized by the destruction of the periodontium tissue and alveolar bone. Objective: To assess systematically the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the mechanism of alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis. Methods: This systematic review is conducted from July until November 2020. The literature search was done using PubMed and Scopus database based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by entering the right keywords combination, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria. Qualified literature is evaluated based on four inclusion criteria such as articles published in English, published within the last ten years, articles are available in full text, the publication is a research article. Results: Five articles fit the inclusion criteria and discuss the mechanism of bone resorption by whole bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum. This mechanism can occur through increased production of inflammatory mediators by target cells, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL. In addition, the application of biomechanical loads during Fusobacterium nucleatum infection causes PGE2 and COX2 production to be higher. The increase of inflammatory mediators and enzymes causes an imbalance in the RANKL:OPG ratio, results in the decreased osteogenic differentiation which can lead to alveolar bone destruction. Conclusion: Fusobacterium nucleatum is involved in the process of alveolar bone destruction through the induction of an inflammatory response, inhibition of osteogenic differentiation, which can be stimulated by biomechanical loading.