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Abstrak :
While the overall picture of global health shows improvement, certain regressions and persistent health inequalities are part of the evolving patterns. Concise and comprehensive, this text examines global health challenges over the past century. Making extensive use of case studies and international examples, it discusses the determinants and measurements of population health and disease, health systems, finance issues, and health planning. It also examines problems caused by subnational inequalities and global environmental change as well as geopolitics and human security. The book contains t.

Abstrak :
Nilai titik potong lingkar lengan atas (LiLA) untuk diagnosis gizi buruk berdasarkan WHO adalah 11,5 cm. Nilai titik potong ini dinilai kurang sensitif dalam menjaring kasus gizi buruk pada balita. Berbagai nilai titik potong LiLA baru diusulkan dengan nilai diagnostik yang lebih baik namun memiliki interval yang lebar, 12 cm-14,1 cm. Saat penelitian ini dilakukan belum ada data mengenai evaluasi nilai titik potong LiLA 11,5 cm dalam diagnosis gizi buruk pada balita di Indonesia. Diperlukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi nilai diagnostik LiLA dalam diagnosis gizi buruk dan mencari titik potong yang paling optimal pada balita Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai diagnostik LiLA dibandingkan dengan indeks BB/TB dalam diagnosis gizi buruk pada balita, mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif nilai titik potong LiLA < 11,5 cm dalam diagnosis gizi buruk dan mencari rekomendasi nilai titik potong LiLA yang memiliki nilai diagnostik yang lebih baik untuk skrining balita dengan gizi buruk. Pengambilan subyek penelitian pada studi diagnostik ini dilakukan secara konsekutif pada bulan Januari-Februari 2020 di RSCM dan Puskesmas Cengkareng Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini melibatkan 421 subyek. Data dasar, jenis kelamin, usia didapatkan melalui wawancara singkat. Pengukuran antropometri berupa berat badan, tinggi badan/panjang badan dan lingkar lengan atas dilakukan oleh peneliti/asisten peneliti yang memiliki realibilitas pengukuran yang baik. LiLA memiliki nilai diagnostik yang tinggi ditandai dengan AUC 0,939 (CI95% 0,903-0,974). Nilai diagnostik LiLA dengan titik potong 11,5 cm memiliki sensitivitas yang rendah. Nilai diagnostik LiLA dengan nilai titik potong 11,5 cm: Se 21% Sp 99,7% NDP 80%, NDN 96%, IY 0,2. Nilai titik potong LiLA 13,3 cm memberikan hasil terbaik dalam identifikasi gizi buruk dengan Se 89%, Sp 87%, NDP 25%, NDN 99% dan IY 0,76. Nilai titik potong LiLA 11,5 cm untuk kasus gizi buruk memiliki sensitivitas yang rendah dan sebaiknya tidak digunakan dalam upaya skrining kasus gizi buruk di masyarakat. Nilai titik potong LiLA 13,3 cm memberikan nilai diagnostik yang lebih baik dalam upaya skrining gizi buruk pada balita usia 6-59 bulan. ......World Health Organization recommends 11,5 cm as cut off value of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) to diagnose severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in under-five. Many studies indicate that the recommended cut off value is not sensitive to screen severe acute malnutrition cases. Various new cut off values have been proposed with very wide interval, 12-14.1 cm. When this study started there was no available data regarding diagnostic value of MUAC in diagnosing severe acute malnutrition in under-five in Indonesia. Aims of this study are to evaluate diagnostic value of MUAC in diagnosing SAM compare to WHZ index, to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value, negative prediction value of MUAC with 11,5 cm as standard cut off in diagnosing SAM and to find alternative cut off value that may offer better diagnostic performance. This diagnostic study recruits subjects consecutively in January-February 2020 in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and Puskesmas Cengkareng. We collected 421 subjects. Demographic data was obtained by using brief conversation. Physical examination and anthropometric measurement were performed by researcher and research assistant that had been trained, evaluated and proven to have excellence reliability. In general, MUAC has excellent diagnostic value to assess SAM in under-five with AUC 0,939 (CI95% 0,903-0,974). The recommended cut off value has low sensitivity. Proportion SAM using WHZ index and MUAC < 11,5 cm are 4,5% and 1,2%. Diagnostic values MUAC using cut off 11,5 cm are Se 21%, Sp 99,7%, PPV 80%, NPV 96% and YI 0,2. By using 13.3 cm as new cut off value, MUAC will have Se 89%, Sp 87%, PPV 25%, NPV 99% and YI 0,76. We conclude that MUAC using 11,5 cm has low sensitivity to detect SAM cases in population, therefore should not be implemented in the community for screening SAM cases. The new cut of value 13,3 cm has better diagnostic value to screen SAM cases in under-fives.

Abstrak :
Fully revised and updated, this fourth edition of Oxfords Textbook of Global Health equips students, advocates, and health professionals with building blocks for a critical understanding of global health. It explores societal determinants of health and health inequities within and between countries and an array of actions seeking to address these issues in spheres of health and development aid, solidarity cooperation, global and domestic policymaking, and civil society mobilization. Health conditions and activities are analyzed in terms of interactions among global, regional, national, local, and community forces, resources, and interventions using a critical political economy of health lens that challenges mainstream biomedical and behavioral perspectives. The text covers the: historical dynamics of the field; political economy of health and development; current global health structures, actors, agencies, and activities; role of health data and the science and politics of measuring health inequities; worldwide patterns of death and disease as shaped by marginalization, deprivation, modernization, and work; impact on health of neoliberal globalization relating to trade, investment, and financial liberalization, illicit financial flows, austerity, and hazardous and precarious work; political ecology of environmental degradation and climate change; humanitarian challenges around addressing ecological disasters, militarism and war, complex emergencies, and refugee crises; principles of health care systems; and politics of health financing. The book encourages avid global health students, practitioners, and activists to consider social justice approaches as both viable and imperative, drawing from various solidarity paradigms and struggles ranging from community-level to national and transnational movements to building healthy societies and practicing global health ethically and equitably.

Abstrak :
Global Occupational Health' is a comprehensive introductory textbook designed for the preparation of professionals in occupational health. The textbook is intended for use in basic to mid-level courses, providing the reader or student with a solid foundation from which to pursue more specialized studies