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Abstrak :
Permintaan energi dari sumber daya terbarukan terus mendorong kebutuhan pembangkit listrik tenaga angin di Indonesia. Tujuan studi adalah memaparkan pemodelan pengambilan keputusan lokasi turbin angin dan mendesain teknologi turbin angin yang baik digunakan di Indonesia. Studi ini, menggunakan metode Multi-Criteria Decision Making sebagai metode pengambilan keputusan yang diintegrasi dengan metode Geographic Information System sebagai metode penentuan lokasi dan teknologi yang cocok untuk membangun turbin angin. Selanjutnya hasil akan digunakan sebagai parameter desain awal teknologi turbin angin. Selama proses analisa, faktor berupa multivariat dipertimbangkan. Cakupan wilayah pada studi ini adalah negara Indonesia. Hasil studi berupa peta kecocokan wilayah dengan energi angin. Parameter kecocokan dibagi menjadi empat yaitu "sangat cocok", "cocok", "kurang cocok", dan "tidak cocok". Hasil menyimpulkan bahwa 40% area Indonesia masuk ke dalam kategori "cocok" dengan energi angin khususnya di Pulau Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sementara itu, 20% area Indonesia masuk ke dalam kategori "tidak cocok" berdasarkan kondisi geografi setempat, meskipun kecepatan angin yang tinggi, dan rentan terhadap bencana alam. Identifikasi area kecocokan ini akan menjadi pertimbangan awal untuk desain teknologi turbin angin yang optimal bagi Indonesia. Kerangka pemodelan ini dapat mendorong transisi energi terbarukan tanpa memandang daerah khusus yang diharapkan dapat berkontribusi sebanyak 8% dari total target pencapaian transisi energi terbarukan Indonesia 2025. ......Demand for energy from renewable sources continues to drive the need for wind power plants in Indonesia. The purpose of the study is to describe modeling decision making for wind turbine locations and to design wind turbine technology that is well used in Indonesia. This study uses the Multi-Criteria Decision Making method as a decision-making method that is integrated with the Geographic Information System method as a location determination method and suitable technology for building wind turbines. Furthermore, the results will be used as initial design parameters for wind turbine technology. During the analysis process, multivariate factors are considered. The area covered in this study is Indonesia. The results of the study are in the form of a suitability map of the area with wind energy. The match parameter is divided into four, namely "very suitable", "suitable", "less suitable", and "not suitable". The results conclude that 40% of Indonesia's area falls into the "suitable" category for wind energy, especially on the islands of Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara. Meanwhile, 20% of Indonesia's area falls into the "unsuitable" category based on local geographic conditions, despite high wind speeds, and is vulnerable to natural disasters. Identification of this suitability area will be the initial consideration for the optimal wind turbine technology design for Indonesia. This modeling framework can encourage the renewable energy transition regardless of special regions which are expected to contribute as much as 8% of the total target of achieving Indonesia's 2025 renewable energy transition.

Abstrak :
Produksi energi listrik di Indonesia saat ini masih didominasi oleh pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar minyak (energi fosil; energi tak terbarukan), sedangkan ketersediaan bahan bakar tersebut semakin berkurang. Pemanfaatan sumber EBT, seperti energi angin merupakan salah satu solusi untuk membangkitkan energi listrik guna memenuhi permintaan masyarakat yang terus meningkat. Terdapat dua unit PLTB yang telah dibangun dan dioperasikan di Indonesia yaitu PLTB Sidrap dan PLTB Tolo di Sulawesi Selatan. Mengingat, penetrasi kedua PLTB tersebut besar ke dalam sistem tenaga listrik Sulbagsel dan karakteristiknya yang intermittent dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan angin, sehingga dapat berdampak pada kestabilan sistem. Untuk menjaga kestabilan perlu adanya regulasi yang dapat mengendalikan frekuensi sistem. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan regulasi frekuensi primer. Dalam studi ini dipelajari pengaruh kecepatan angin dan penerapan regulasi frekuensi primer terhadap kestabilan frekuensi keluaran kedua PLTB yang terintegrasi dengan sistem Sulbagsel. Metode studi yang dilakukan dengan simulasi berbantuan perangkat lunak DIgSILENT. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa perubahan frekuensi yang terjadi ketika sistem Sulbagsel terintegrasi PLTB tanpa dan dengan menggunakan regulasi frekuensi primer pada kondisi normal terlihat frekuensi sistem masih cenderung stabil. Sedangkan pada kondisi ketika PLTA Poso lepas dari sistem, saat tanpa dan dengan menggunakan regulasi frekuensi primer terlihat beberapa respon frekuensi yang dihasilkan berada jauh dari batas normal yang diizinkan sehingga menyebabkan ketidakstabilan frekuensi pada sistem. ......The production of electrical energy in Indonesia is currently still dominated by oil-fueled power plants (fossil energy; non-renewable energy), while the availability of these fuels decreases. The utilization of renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, is one solution to generate electrical energy to meet increasing demand. Two WPP units have been built and operated in Indonesia, namely WPP Sidrap and WPP Tolo in South Sulawesi. Considering that the penetration of the two WPPs is significant into the South Sulawesi power system and their intermittent characteristics because of wind speed, it can impact the system stability. One solution to maintain stability is to apply regulations that can control the frequency system, one of which is primary frequency regulation. In this study, we study the effect of wind speed and the use of primary frequency regulation on the stability of the output frequency of the two WPPs integrated with the Sulbagsel system. This study uses DIgSILENT software-assisted simulation. The simulation results show that the frequency changes that occur when the Sulbagsel system is integrated with WPP without and by using primary frequency regulation under normal conditions, the system frequency tends to be stable. Meanwhile, in the condition when the Poso hydropower plant is separated from the system when without and using primary frequency regulation, it can be seen that some of the resulting frequency responses are far from the allowed normal limits, causing frequency instability in the system.

Abstrak :
Wind energy conversion system covers the technological progress of wind energy conversion systems, along with potential future trends. It includes recently developed wind energy conversion systems such as multi-converter operation of variable-speed wind generators, lightning protection schemes, voltage flicker mitigation and prediction schemes for advanced control of wind generators. Modeling and control strategies of variable speed wind generators are discussed, together with the frequency converter topologies suitable for grid integration. Wind Energy Conversion System also describes offshore farm technologies including multi-terminal topology and space-based wind observation schemes, as well as both AC and DC based wind farm topologies. The stability and reliability of wind farms are discussed, and grid integration issues are examined in the context of the most recent industry guidelines. Wind power smoothing, one of the big challenges for transmission system operators, is a particular focus. Fault ride through and frequency fluctuation mitigation using energy storage options are also covered. Efficiency analyses are presented for different types of commercially available wind turbine generator systems, large scale wind generators using superconducting material, and the integration of offshore wind and marine current farms.