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"Objektif: Pengurangan pada jumlah gigi posterior dapat dihubungkan dengan asupan nutrisi, status nutrisi, dan kemampuan mastikasi pada lansia. Penelitian sebelumnya mengenai hubungan antara kehilangan gigi, asupan nutrisi, status nutrisi, dan kemampuan mastikasi. Metode: Total 158 subjek berusia diatas 60 tahun di kota Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Gigi posterior dibagi menjadi 2 grup berdasarkan Index Eichner; grup A2-B3 dan grup B4-C3. Untuk pengukuran asupan nutrisi dilakukan menggunakan semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire dengan mengukur jumlah kalori, dan untuk mengukur status nutrisi menggunakan Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Hasil: 74% subjek perempuan, 26% laki-laki. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada nilai rata-rata kemampuan mastikasi (p = 0.000), Eichner grup A2-B3 (5.66 ± 1.80) dan B4-3 (3.20 ± 1.25). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara status nutrisi dan asupan nutrisi pada kedua grup Eichner. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kehilangan gigi berhubungan dengan kemampuan mastikasi, namun tidak pada status nutrisi ataupun asupan nutrisi pada lansia.

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Objective: A reduction in the number of posterior teeth is associated with diminished nutrition intake, nutritional status, and masticatory performance in the elderly. Previous studies on the relationships between tooth loss, nutrition intake, nutritional status, and masticatory performance have yield varying results. Methods: A total of 158 subjects aged 60 years and older from Depok, West Java, Indonesia were enrolled in the study. Posterior tooth contacts were assessed based, and the subjects were accordingly divided into two groups based on the Eichner Index; group A2-B3 and group B4-C3. A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to measure nutritional intake in the form of total calories, and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form was used to measure nutritional status. Results: Seventy-four percent of participants were females, and the remaining (26%) were males. A significant difference in the mean masticatory performance score (p = 0.000) was noted between Eichner group A2-B3 (5.66 ± 1.80) and B4-C3 (3.20 ± 1.25). However, no statistically significant differences in nutritional status and calorie intake were noted between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the number of teeth lost is related to mastication, but not to nutritional status or calorie intake in the elderly."

"Latar belakang berawal dari jumlah anak HIV/AIDS di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan diiringi dengan kualitas hidup yang rendah. Anak HIV/AIDS perlu mempunyai kualitas hidup yang baik agar mereka dapat mengelola kondisi kesehatan sehingga mendapatkan kesejahteraan dalam hidupnya. Untuk menilai kualitas hidup maka digunakan WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life-100) karena dapat menilai persepsi anak terhadap kehidupannya dalam konteks budaya dan sistem nilai. Anak HIV/AIDS yang mempunyai kualitas hidup buruk dapat berubah menjadi baik karena berdasarkan perspektif life span, anak HIV/AIDS mengalami perkembangan semasa hidupnya. Perspektif life span membantu dalam memahami perkembangan yang terjadi sepanjang kehidupan anak HIV/AIDS serta membantu mereka menuju kehidupan yang lebih bermakna sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangannya. Berangkat dari hal itu, tujuan penelitian untuk menggambarkan kualitas hidup anak dengan HIV/AIDS berdasarkan WHOQOl-100 dan menggambarkan kualitas hidup anak dengan HIV/AIDS dalam memenuhi tahap perkembangannya berdasarkan WHOQOL-100. Metode yang digunakan literature review dengan case study yang menganalisis delapan kasus yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan tahap perkembangan anak dan remaja, yaitu early childhood hingga adolescence, middle and late childhood hingga adolescence, dan adolescence. Hasil analisis gambaran kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS berdasarkan WHOQOL-100 adalah anak HIV/AIDS yang tua mengalami peningkatan rasa sakit, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki nutrisi yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki kualitas tidur yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki kinerja yang buruk dalam bidang kognitif, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki harga diri yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki citra diri yang cukup baik, anak HIV/AIDS perlu pengobatan ART sedini mungkin, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki fungsi sekolah yang rendah, caregiver memiliki beban mengasuh anaknya, anak HIV/AIDS perlu strategi mengatasi masalah yang tepat, stigma anak HIV/AIDS memberikan dampak buruk, anak HIV/AIDS perlu menggunakan keuangan yang diawasi dengan baik, anak HIV/AIDS perlu layanan kesehatan yang memadai, anak perlu informasi mengenai HIV/AIDS, dan anak HIV/AIDS menggunakan dukungan spiritual. Gambaran kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS dalam memenuhi tahap perkembangannya juga beragam. Hal-hal yang membuat anak HIV/AIDS tidak memenuhi tahap perkembangannya adalah gaya asuh caregiver yang overprotective atau tidak peduli, pengawasan keuangan yang tidak memadai, dukungan spiritual yang tidak sesuai, anak terhambat berhubungan sosial dan mendapatkan stigma sosial, anak HIV/AIDS merasakan rasa sakit dan nutrisi yang rendah, anak HIV/AIDS harus meninggalkan sekolahnya karena pergi ke rumah sakit, anak HIV/AIDS memiliki kualitas tidur yang rendah, dan anak HIV/AIDS memiliki harga diri rendah. Sedangkan hal-hal yang membuat anak HIV/AIDS dapat memenuhi tahap perkembangannya adalah anak HIV/AIDS tahu informasi tentang HIV/AIDS, ada upaya pemerintah dalam membuat layanan kesehatan yang memadai, ada dukungan sosial dari caregiver kepada anak HIV/AIDS, dan anak HIV/AIDS menjalani perawatan rutin di rumah sakit. Kesimpulannya adalah domain hubungan sosial merupakan domain yang paling dominan karena dukungan dari caregiver membuat perubahan atas kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS di domain kualitas hidup lainnya dan peran pemerintah dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan dan penyuluhan informasi HIV/AIDS juga aspek yang paling dominan dalam kualitas hidup anak HIV/AIDS. Untuk memenuhi tahap perkembangan anak HIV/AIDS, perlu adanya pengasuhan dari caregiver sehingga anak memiliki otonomi sendiri dan anak membutuhkan layanan kesehatan yang membuat kesehatannya tidak memburuk.

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It begins with the increasing number of children living with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia accompanied by low quality of life. It’s crucial for children with HIV/AIDS to have a good quality of life so they can manage their health conditions and achieve their well-being. To assess their quality of life, the WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life-100) is used because it evaluates children's perceptions of their lives within cultural contexts and value systems. Children with poor quality of life can improve over time. From a life span perspective, they undergo developmental changes throughout their lives. This life span perspective helps understand their developmental trajectory and guides them toward a more meaningful life according to their developmental stages. Based on this, the research aims to describe the quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS using the WHOQOL-100 and to depict how they meet their developmental stages according to WHOQOL-100. The methodology includes a literature review and a case study analyzing eight cases categorized by early childhood to adolescence, middle and late childhood to adolescence, and adolescence. The analysis reveals various aspects of the quality of life of children with HIV/AIDS based on the WHOQOL-100, older children with HIV/AIDS experience increased pain, they often have poor nutrition and low sleep quality, perform poorly in cognitive areas, struggle with low self-esteem yet have a somewhat positive self-image. They require early ART treatment, face challenges in school functioning, and impose caregiving burdens on their caregivers. Regarding meeting developmental stages, factors hindering children with HIV/AIDS include overprotective or neglectful caregiving styles, inadequate financial oversight, mismatched spiritual support, social barriers, pain, low nutrition, disrupted schooling due to hospitalization, poor sleep, and low self-esteem. Conversely, factors facilitating their developmental stages include HIV/AIDS knowledge, government efforts in providing adequate healthcare, social support from caregivers, and regular hospital care. In conclusion, the social domain emerges as the most dominant in children's quality of life according to the WHOQOL-100, primarily due to caregiver support impacting changes in other life domains. Additionally, governmental roles in healthcare provision and HIV/AIDS education are crucial. To meet developmental stages, children with HIV/AIDS require nurturing from caregivers to foster their autonomy and access to healthcare to maintain their health stability."

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