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Abstrak :
One of the attempts to optimize the usage of water resources particularly in creating the enrgy is through optimizing the maintenance of the dam. Optimation policy can be conducted by estimating water volume of the dam in terms of the time and space function that can give highest usage value. One of the optimation techniques that can be implemented is Bellman Dynamic Program. This technique simplifies the operational problem of the dam by divided into step by step solution. The optimation result of the maintenance of Saguling Dam with Bellman Dynamic Program brings more profit which is 20.6% higher than maintenance with constant debit. The added profit can be achieved under fluctuated electricity rate.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas mengenai hubungan bisnis dan politik dalam kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya air. Dengan kasus pemanfaatansumber air Sigedang Kabupaten Klaten oleh PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan relasi bisnis dan politik penguasa dengan pengusaha di tingkat Kabupaten Klaten yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan sumber air Sigedang. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan sebab akibat bekerjanya hubungan bisnis dan politik penguasa dengan pengusaha sebagai dasar dari keputusan penyerahan aset Sigedang kepada PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh terbesar dari proses pengalihan aset sumber air Sigedang kepada PT.Tirta Investama-Danone adalah hubungan bisnis dan politik antara perusahaan dengan elit politik di Kabupaten Klaten pada tingkat eksekutif, legislatif, dan pemerintahan desa. Gerakan penolakan dilakukan oleh petani melalui Koalisi Rakyat Klaten Untuk Keadilan yang mendapat dukungan kelompok birokrat reformis, namun gerakan tersebut tetap masih belum mampu mencapai tujuannya yaitu kajian ulang terhadap keputusan pengalihan aset sumber air Sigedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka implikasi teori memperlihatkan bekerjanya hubungan bisnis dan politik antara perusahaan dengan penguasa didasarkan pada pencapaian kepentingan pribadi dari kedua belah pihak. Hubungan bisnis dan politik yang berpusat pada Bupati dan perusahaan akhirnya ?menyandera? pemerintah yang tidak dapat bersikap tegas atas masalah ini. Hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan kelompok bisnis yang berupaya ?menyandera? birokrasi dalam bekerjanya pihak swasta pada sebuah kebijakan pemerintah.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the relations of business and politics in water resources management policy in the case of Water Source Utilization in Klaten by PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. The purpose of this study is to explain political relations of rulers with business people in Klaten which influenced the management of Sigedang water source in Klaten. This study describes the causes and effects of the relations between rulers and businesspeople in making decision to hand the assets of Sigedang to PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. The result of the study shows that the process of transferring the assets of Sigedang water source to PT.Tirta Investama-Danone was strongly affected by the relations between business people and political elites in Klaten at executive, legislative, and village government levels. The protest by farmers through Coalition of People of Klaten for Justice (KRAKED) received a lot of support from reformist bureaucracy group, but it was still unsuccesful to review the decision to transfer the assets of Sigedang water source. Based on theanalysis, this study also theoretically implied that business and political relations between the company and rulers worked based on fulfillment of personal interests of both parties. Business and political relations which centered on the Regent and the company eventuallykeeps the government unable to make decision on this issue. This is consistent with business goal tokeeps the bureaucracy in the work of private parties in a government policy;This thesis discusses the relations of business and politics in water resources management policy in the case of Water Source Utilization in Klaten by PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. The purpose of this study is to explain political relations of rulers with business people in Klaten which influenced the management of Sigedang water source in Klaten. This study describes the causes and effects of the relations between rulers and businesspeople in making decision to hand the assets of Sigedang to PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. The result of the study shows that the process of transferring the assets of Sigedang water source to PT.Tirta Investama-Danone was strongly affected by the relations between business people and political elites in Klaten at executive, legislative, and village government levels. The protest by farmers through Coalition of People of Klaten for Justice (KRAKED) received a lot of support from reformist bureaucracy group, but it was still unsuccesful to review the decision to transfer the assets of Sigedang water source. Based on theanalysis, this study also theoretically implied that business and political relations between the company and rulers worked based on fulfillment of personal interests of both parties. Business and political relations which centered on the Regent and the company eventuallykeeps the government unable to make decision on this issue. This is consistent with business goal tokeeps the bureaucracy in the work of private parties in a government policy, This thesis discusses the relations of business and politics in water resources management policy in the case of Water Source Utilization in Klaten by PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. The purpose of this study is to explain political relations of rulers with business people in Klaten which influenced the management of Sigedang water source in Klaten. This study describes the causes and effects of the relations between rulers and businesspeople in making decision to hand the assets of Sigedang to PT. Tirta Investama-Danone. The result of the study shows that the process of transferring the assets of Sigedang water source to PT.Tirta Investama-Danone was strongly affected by the relations between business people and political elites in Klaten at executive, legislative, and village government levels. The protest by farmers through Coalition of People of Klaten for Justice (KRAKED) received a lot of support from reformist bureaucracy group, but it was still unsuccesful to review the decision to transfer the assets of Sigedang water source. Based on theanalysis, this study also theoretically implied that business and political relations between the company and rulers worked based on fulfillment of personal interests of both parties. Business and political relations which centered on the Regent and the company eventuallykeeps the government unable to make decision on this issue. This is consistent with business goal tokeeps the bureaucracy in the work of private parties in a government policy]

Abstrak :
Pengelolaan sumber daya air terpadu merupakan kegiatan yang sangat penting guna mendapatkan jaminan ketersediaan air yang mencakup perspektif antar sektor, kesenjangan kebutuhan mendatang, dan ketersediaan saat ini serta berorientasi pada tiga pertimbangan utama yaitu sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Dalam dekade terakhir banyak negara di Asia telah menerapkan kebijakan nasional dalam pengelolaan air dengan sistem pengelolaan sumber daya air pada wilayah sungai walaupun penerapannya masih dalam tahap permulaan. Pengelolaan sumber daya air terpadu di wilayah sungai dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh organisasi pengelola sungai dengan memfasilitasi dan/atau melaksanakan berbagai proses pembangunan dan pengelolaan. Di Asia berbagai pengelola sungai baik kecil maupun besar membantu pemerintah dan pemilik kepentingan dalam merealisasikan pengelolaan air terpadu. Beberapa pengelola sungai merupakan organisasi pemerintah. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus untuk memberikan keleluasaan serta otonomi, baik dalam pengelolaan, pengembangan, maupun keuangan digunakan sistem perusahaan atau semi-perusahaan. Tulisan ini mengkaji perbedaan antara tiga tipe sistem pengelolaan wilayah sungai yaitu: komite, publik/pemerintah, dan korporasi. Dengan demikian, dapat ditentukan tipe/jenis pengelolaan yang paling sesuai untuk diterapkan di suatu wilayah sungai.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi pembatalan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air terhadap hapusnya privatisasi air dan perizinan pengusahaan sumber daya air oleh swasta. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian Yuridis Normatif, pendekatan menggunakan teori penguasaan negara atas sumber daya air, teori hak asasi manusia, dan teori perizinan. Implikasi dibatalkannya UU Sumber Daya Air adalah tidak berlakunya peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai peraturan pelaksana dari UU Sumber Daya Air, sehingga sebagai payung hukum diberlakukan kembali UU Pengairan. Sebagai aturan pelaksana dari UU Pengairan dikeluarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat, Surat Edaran Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral serta dibentuk Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 121 Tahun 2015 tentang Pengusahaan Sumber Daya Air dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 122 Tahun 2015 tentang Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pembatalan UU SDA oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah langkah tepat untuk mengembalikan hak rakyat atas air dan menghapuskan privatisasi air. Bahwa UU SDA telah memberikan ruang bagi swasta untuk melakukan penguasaan air atau sumber air yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak, sehingga air dipandang sebagai benda ekonomi dimana perolehannya membutuhkan pengorbanan materi. Pembentukan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 121 dan 122 Tahun 2015 telah mengembalikan prioritas hak menguasai dan mengusahakan sumber daya air kepada negara melalui BUMN dan BUMD. Namun, masih dirasakan bahwa kedua PP ini memberi kesempatan kepada pihak swasta yang telah menjalankan usahanya sebelum adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat terus menjalankan usahanya sampai berakhirnya perizinan tersebut. ......This thesis is written with the aim to determine the implications of the invalidation of Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources to the abolishment of the privatization of water and permitting exploitation of water resources by the private sector. This research uses Normative Juridical research methods, with the approach on the theory of state control over water resources, human rights theory, and the theory of licensing. The invalidation of Water Resources Act is causing implementing regulations of the law has been replaced with the previous Water Resources Act. As the implementing rules of The Water Resources Act, The Government has issued a Circular Letter of The Minister of Public Works and Housing, a Circular Letter of The Minister of Energy and Mineral and also established Government Regulation Number 121 of 2015 on Exploitation of Water Resources and Government Regulation Number 122 of 2015 on Water Supply System. Based on the results obtained that the invalidation of the law by the constitutional court is the right step to restore people’s right to water and eliminating water privatization. The law had provided opportunities for the private sector to control water or water resources that vital to the life of many, so the water is seen as an economic goods where materialistic sacrifice is needed to have access for it. The adoption of Government Regulation Number 121 and 122 of 2015 have returned the priority right to control and exploit the water resources to the state-owned or localowned enterprises. Namun, masih dirasakan bahwa kedua PP ini memberi kesempatan kepada pihak swasta yang telah menjalankan usahanya sebelum adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dapat terus menjalankan usahanya sampai berakhirnya perizinan tersebut.

Abstrak :
Dalam rangka mencapai Tujuan 6 Sustainable Development Goals, diperlukan fokus untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum, salah satunya berkaitan dengan pungutan negara atas Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) sebagai penyedia air minum. Kesesuaian pungutan negara dengan asas ease of administration menjadi hal yang cukup penting agar kebijakan pajak dapat berjalan dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penerapan kebijakan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) atas pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia ditinjau dari asas ease of administration dengan fokus analisis terkait kebijakan PPN atas Biaya Jasa Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (BJPSDA) terhadap PDAM dan dikaitkan dengan Pajak Air Permukaan yang dipungut oleh Pemerintah Daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi lapangan dan kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai atas Biaya Jasa Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan asas ease of administration. Berdasarkan Dimensi Certainty, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi dari sisi hukum pajak material dan formal, khususnya terkait kepastian pemungutan PPN atas BJPSDA pada setiap wilayah. Berdasarkan Dimensi Efficiency, terdapat beberapa permasalahan seperti adanya beban keuangan yang signifikan yang harus ditanggung penanggung jawab PPN dan adanya ketidaksesuaian dengan legal character PPN yaitu general dan on consumption. Berdasarkan Dimensi Convenience, mayoritas menunjukkan sejalan dengan dimensi ini, tetapi terdapat catatan berkaitan dengan berbagai pungutan yang berpotensi menurunkan voluntary compliance. Terakhir, berdasarkan Dimensi Simplicity, terdapat beberapa permasalahan di antaranya terkait perbedaan pemahaman antara Pemikul dan Penanggung Jawab Pajak. ......In order to achieve Goal 6 of the Sustainable Development Goals, it is necessary to focus on solving problems in the Drinking Water Supply System, one of which is related to state levies on Regional Drinkingss Water Companies (PDAM) as drinking water providers. Conformity of state levies with the principle of ease of administration is important so tax policy can run well. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of value added tax policy on water resources management in indonesia in terms of the ease of administration principle with an analysis focus on Value Added Tax (VAT) policies on Water Resources Management Service Fee (BJPSDA) contributions to PDAMs and associated with Surface Water Tax which collected by the Regional Government. This study uses a post-positivist approach and uses data collection techniques in the form of field studies and literature. The research results show that the VAT policy on BJPSDA needs to be fully in line with the principle of ease of administration. Based on the Certainty Dimension, several problems occur regarding material and formal tax law, mainly related to the certainty of VAT collection on BJPSDA in each region. Based on the Efficiency Dimension, there are several problems, such as the existence of a significant financial burden that must be borne by the person in charge of VAT and a discrepancy with the legal character of VAT, namely general and on consumption. Based on the Convenience Dimension, the majority show that they are in line with this dimension. However, there are notes relating to various levies that have the potential to reduce voluntary compliance. Finally, based on the Simplicity Dimension, there are several problems related to differences in understanding between the Tax Bearer and the Person in Charge of Taxes.