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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas tentang tindakan perekrutan tentara anak menjadi satu suatu bentuk kejahatan perang yang ditinjau berdasarkan hukum internasional. Kasus yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah kasus perekrutan tentara anak dilakukan oleh Thomas Lubanga Dyilo sebagai Presiden Persatuan Patriot Kongo (UPC) dan Komandan Pasukan patriotiques pour la libération du Congo (FPLC) di konflik di Ituri, Kongo. Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk memahami latar belakang larangan perekrutan tentara anak dalam konflik bersenjata, mengetahui ketentuan hukum internasional dan keputusan peradilan berkenaan dengan perekrutan tentara anak-anak, dan untuk mengetahui caranya aksi rekrutmen tentara anak dilakukan oleh Thomas Lubanga Dyilo di Konflik Ituri, Kongo memenuhi unsur pidana dalam Pasal 8 (2) (e) (vii) Statuta Roma. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan memeriksa perjanjian internasional yang terkait dengan larangan perekrutan tentara anak dan pendekatan yang digunakan dan preseden yang ditetapkan oleh peradilan internasional dalam mengadili dan memutuskan kasus perekrutan tentara anak. ......This thesis discusses the act of recruiting child soldiers into a form of war crime which is reviewed based on international law. The case used in this paper is the case of the recruitment of child soldiers by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo as President of the Congolese Patriots Union (UPC) and the Commander of the Patriotiques pour la libération du Congo (FPLC) in the conflict in Ituri, Congo. The purpose of writing this thesis is to understand the background of the prohibition on the recruitment of child soldiers in armed conflict, to know the provisions of international law and judicial decisions regarding the recruitment of child soldiers, and to find out how. The recruitment of child soldiers was carried out by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo at The Ituri conflict, Congo fulfilled the criminal element in Article 8 (2) (e) (vii) of the Rome Statute. The research method used in the writing of this thesis is normative juridical by examining international treaties related to the prohibition of the recruitment of child soldiers and the approaches used and the precedents set by the international judiciary in adjudicating and deciding cases of the recruitment of child soldiers.

Abstrak :
At the end of world war II the allies faced a threefold challenge: how to punish perpetrators of appalling crimes for which the categories of genocide and crimes against humanity had to be coined; how to explain that these had been committed by Germany, of all nations; and how to reform Germans. The answer to this triple conundrum was the application of historical reasoning to legal procedure. In the Nuremberg trials held between 1945 and 1949, a concerted effort was made to punish key perpetrators while at the same time analysing the Nazi state and recounting German history. Building on a long debate about Germanys divergence from a presumed Western path of development, Allied prosecutors sketched out how Germany had betrayed the Western model. The prosecutors laid out how private enterprise, academic science, the military, and the civil service, which looked ostensibly similar to their opposite numbers in the Allied nations, had been corrupted in Germany even before Hitlers rise to power. While the argument, depending on individual protagonists, subject matters, and contexts, met with uneven success in court, it offered a final twist against the backdrop of the Cold War: although Germany had lost its way, it could still be brought back into the Western fold. The first comprehensive study of the Nuremberg trials, The Betrayal explores this process and sheds light on how history underpins transitional trials as we encounter them in todays courtrooms from Arusha to The Hague.

Abstrak :
Kejahatan perang yang merupakan pelanggaran serius terhadap hukum dan kebiasaan perang, telah mengakibatkan dampak eksesif jatuhnya sejumlah besar korban jiwa dan harta benda serta penderitaan luar biasa dan berkepanjangan. Kepentingan militer sering digunakan sebagai dalih dan alasan pembenar, sementara praktek impunitas para pelaku kejahatan masih sering terjadi. Masyarakat internasional yang memberikan perhatian serius pada hak asasi manusia memfasilitasi upaya memutus rantai impunitas terhadap kejahatan perang demi keadilan bagi korban. Tulisan ini mengemukakan aturan-aturan mengenai kejahatan perang (war crimes) serta penanganannya yang telah terdapat pada zaman Hindia Belanda, khususnya dalam Staatsblad No. 44, 45, dan 48 tahun 1946 sekaligus membandingkannya dengan ketentuan mengenai hal yang sama dalam aturan-aturan hukum humaniter internasional, hukum Islam dan dalam Statuta Mahkamah ad-hoc yang pernah dibentuk.

Abstrak :
The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War introduces law students and undergraduates to the law of war in an age of terrorism. What law of armed conflict/​international humanitarian law applies to particular armed conflicts? Does that law apply to terrorists as well? What is the status of participants in an armed conflict? What constitutes a war crime? What is a lawful target and how are targeting decisions made? What are rules of engagement? What weapons are lawful and unlawful, and why? This text takes the reader through these essential questions of the law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law to an awareness of finer points of battlefield law. The U.S.-weighted text incorporates lessons from many nations and includes hundreds of cases from jurisdictions worldwide

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Doktrin State responsibility merupakan salah satu doktrin penting dalam hukum internasional yang terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Inti dari pengertian doktrin State responsibility adalah bahwa setiap aksi yang dilakukan oleh negara ataupun organ-organ resmi negara harus dipertanggung jawabkan dan memiliki konsekuensi hukum dalam hubungan antar negara di kancah internasional. Lahirnya konsekuensi atas setiap aksi daripada negara bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa negara mentaati ketentuan hukum internasional serta memberi keadilan bagi subjek hukum internasional yang mengalami kerugian atas tindakan suatu negara. Penelitian ini kemudian bertujuan untuk meneliti apakah dalam kasus kejahatan perang war crimes tentara Belanda di Indonesia pada periode 1945-1949 khususnya di daerah Rawagede dan Sulawesi Selatan , doktrin State responsibility dapat digunakan untuk menganalilis pertanggung jawaban Pemerintah Belanda kepada korban maupun keluarga korban. Pisau analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah parameter pelanggaran hukum internasional yang dilakukan dalam tindakan kejahatan perang tentara Belanda dan atribusi kejahatan perang tersebut kepada Pemerintah Belanda sehingga Pemerintah Belanda memiliki tanggung jawab yang diatur dalam hukum internasional. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dilihat dari kedua analisis tersebut, tindakan tentara Belanda merupakan tindakan yang melanggar hukum internasional dan dapat diatribusikan kepada Pemerintah Belanda, sehingga Pemerintah Belanda memiliki tanggung jawab hukum kepada korban atau keluarga korban untuk memberikan reparasi reparation atas tindakan tentaranya.

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ABSTRACT
State responsibility is an important doctrine that keeps on developing in international law. The definition of state responsibility is that every action conducted by nations or its legitimate organs entails international responsibility and has legal consequences in the eyes of international law. The purpose of this doctrine is to ensure that nations will abide by international law and also give access to justice for victims that got harmed through certain nations rsquo action. This research then focused on analyzing whether State responsibility doctrine can be applicable in the case of war crimes conducted by Dutch soldiers in Indonesia spesifically in Rawagede and South Sulawesi during 1945 1949 period Indonesia rsquo s revolution war . The writer uses two main points of analysis in analyzing whether state responsibility can be applicable in that case. The first one is whether the actions conducted by Dutch military troops were in violation of international law, the second one is whether the action can be attributed to Dutch Government so that the Dutch Government bears responsibility towards the victims and family of victims. The conclusion of this research is that according to State responsibility doctrine, the Dutch Government is responsible towards the war crimes conducted by Dutch military troops in Indonesia during 1945 1949 in Rawagede and South Sulawesi and entitled to give reparation for victims or family of victims.

Abstrak :
[This book provides an original legal analysis of child soldiers recruited into armed groups or forces committing mass atrocities and/or genocide as the victims of the genocidal forcible transfer of children. Legal argument is made regarding the lack of criminal culpability of such child soldier 'recruits' for conflict-related international crimes and the inapplicability of currently recommended judicial and non-judicial accountability mechanisms in such cases. The book challenges various anthropological accounts of child soldiers' alleged 'tactical agency' to resist committing atrocity as members of armed groups or forces committing mass atrocity and/or genocide. Also provided are original interpretations of relevant international law including an interpretation of the Rome Statute age-based exclusion from prosecution of persons who were under 18 at the time of perpetrating the crime as substantive law setting an international standard for the humane treatment of child soldiers., This book provides an original legal analysis of child soldiers recruited into armed groups or forces committing mass atrocities and/or genocide as the victims of the genocidal forcible transfer of children. Legal argument is made regarding the lack of criminal culpability of such child soldier 'recruits' for conflict-related international crimes and the inapplicability of currently recommended judicial and non-judicial accountability mechanisms in such cases. The book challenges various anthropological accounts of child soldiers' alleged 'tactical agency' to resist committing atrocity as members of armed groups or forces committing mass atrocity and/or genocide. Also provided are original interpretations of relevant international law including an interpretation of the Rome Statute age-based exclusion from prosecution of persons who were under 18 at the time of perpetrating the crime as substantive law setting an international standard for the humane treatment of child soldiers.]