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Abstrak :
"Written by a pioneering leader in the development of vitreoretinal surgical techniques and instruments, Vitreous Microsurgery is a comprehensive how-to guide to all vitreoretinal procedures. This thoroughly updated Fifth Edition describes many new techniques and refinements of established procedures and includes new chapters and new illustrations. More than 170 three-dimensional full-color illustrations--many by the Charles Retina Institute's resident medical artist, Byron Wood--enable surgeons to clearly visualize the techniques. The focus of the text is on the decision making process a surgeon goes through in evaluating the best course of treatment for his/​her patient undergoing vitreous surgery. The book describes in detail clinically proven methods of managing the anterior and posterior segment vitreous surgery patient in a systematic manner. The text is organized in a building block approach with general methodology preceding its application to specific disease states. The book stresses algorithms for intra-operative decision making, relying on knowledge of physical principles and performed in the order of ascending risk. A companion website included with purchase offers the fully searchable text and an online image bank"--Provided by publisher.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang. Insidens mual dan muntah pascaoperatif masih tinggi dan berkaitan dengan meningkatnya morbiditas. Vitrektomi merupakan operasi yang sering dilakukan dengan insidens mual muntah pascaoperatif yang cukup tinggi. Modifikasi teknik anestesi adalah salah satu cara mengurangi insidens mual muntah pascaoperatif. Kombinasi opioid dengan obat anestetik inhalasi merupakan pilihan dalam rumatan anestesia umum karena mempunyai efek sinergis. Salah satu kombinasi tersebut adalah kombinasi fentanil dan sevofluran. Perbandingan dosis kombinasi fentanil dan sevofluran terhadap timbulnya efek samping mual muntah pascaoperatif belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan insidens mual muntah pascavitrektomi antara rumatan kombinasi sevofluran 1,2% - fentanil 1,2 µg/kg/jam dengan rumatan sevofluran 2%. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal terhadap pasien yang menjalani vitrektomi dengan anestesia umum di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2015. Sebanyak 62 subyek diambil dengan metode konsekutif. Pengukuran mual muntah dilakukan dengan wawancara pada subyek penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square dan uji Fisher sebagai uji alternatif. Hasil. Insidens mual antara kedua kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna pada periode 0-2 jam pascaoperasi (p=0,032) sedangkan pada periode 2-6 jam insidens mual antara kedua kelompok perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,238). Insidens muntah antara kedua kelompok perlakuan pada periode 0-2 jam dan 2-6 jam pascaoperasi (p=0,236; p=0,238). Tidak ada insidens mual muntah yang terjadi pada periode 6-24 jam pascaoperasi. Simpulan. Insidens mual dalam 2 jam pertama pascavitrektomi pada kelompok rumatan sevofluran 1,2% - fentanil 1,2 µg/kg/jam lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok sevofluran 2%. ...... Background. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is high and related with high morbidity. Vitrectomy has a high PONV risk. Opioid-inhalation gas combination has been used commonly as an anesthetic maintenance and reported to have a sinergystic effect. Comparison of fentanyl-sevoflurane in a relationship of PONV incidence has not been studied yet. This study was designed to determine the difference of PONV incidence between maintenance combination of sevoflurane 1,2% - fentanyl 1,2 µg/kg/hour and sevoflurane 2%. Methods. This was a single blind randomized study in patients underwent vitrectomy in general anestheisa. The incidence of nausea and vomiting of 62 subjects were recorded. Data were collected by self report and analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher test. Results. There was a significant difference of nausea incidence between two intervention groups within 0-2 hours postvitrectomy period (p=0,032) but no significant difference within 2-6 hours postvitrectomy period (p=0,238). There was no signicant difference between two intervention groups within 0-2 and 2-6 hours postvitrectomy period (p=0,236; p=0,238). There was no nausea and vomiting incidence within 6-24 postoperative period. Conclusion. Incidence of postvitrectomy nausea within the first 2 hour postoperative period was lower in sevoflurane 1,2% - fentanyl 1,2 µg/kg/hour group than sevoflurane 2% group.