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Abstrak :
Meskipun angka kejadian TB anak diperkirakan hanya sebesar 11% dari keseluruhan kasus, namun tingginya angka TB pada anak dapat mengindikasikan tingginya tingkat penularan TB di suatu wilayah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dari dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru pada anak yang berobat di Puskesmas wilayah Kecamatan Cimanggis, Depok Februari-April 2011. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan desain kasus kontrol (sampel tiap kasus dan kontrol adalah 47 anak usia 6 bulan ? 12 tahun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel jenis kelamin (OR=2,60), status underweight (OR=3,26), berat badan lahir (OR=13,76), keberadaan scar BCG (OR=3,55), usia saat imunisasi BCG (OR=2,99), pengetahuan orang tua (OR=0,36), riwayat kontak dengan tetangga penderita TB (OR=4,18), serta riwayat kontak dengan penderita TB (OR=7,60) dengan kejadian TB paru pada anak. Peneliti menyarankan agar dilakukan kerjasama yang terintegrasi antara program gizi, KIA, serta imunisasi dengan program pemberantasan TB pada puskesmas setempat. Although the incidence rate of tuberculosis in children is estimated only 11% of all case, the high rate of tuberculosis in children can indicate the high rate of TB transmission in a region. The purpose of this study is to find out the description of and factors associated with the occurrence of tuberculosis in children treated at Primary Health Care in the Cimanggis sub-district, Depok February-April 2011. This research is conducted by using case control study (sample in each case and control is 47 children aged 6 months ? 12 years old). The study result shows that there is significant relationship statically between gender (OR=2,60), underweight status (OR=3,26), birth weight (OR=13,76), presence of BCG scar (OR=3,55), age at BCG vaccination (OR=2,99), parents? knowledge about TB (OR=0,36), history of contact with TB positive neighbor (OR=4,18), and history of contact with TB case living in the same household (OR=7,60) with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Researcher recommends building integrated cooperation between Nutrition programs, Maternal and Child Health programs, and Immunization division with the Tuberculosis Control Programs in the local Primary Health Care.

Abstrak :
Status kesehatan, perkembangan kognitif dan produktivitas yang baik tidak dapat tercapai tanpa gizi yang baik. Permasalahan gizi dapat menyerang seluruh kelompok umur, namun bayi dan anak merupakan kelompok usia paling rentan akibat tingginya kebutuhan gizi dalam proses tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Anak dua tahun masuk ke dalam periode 1000 HPK, dimana pemenuhan gizi dan status kesehatan pada masa ini dapat menentukan status kesehatan di periode usia selanjutnya. Sayangnya, permasalahan gizi seperti underweight pada baduta masih terjadi di Indonesia, terlebih hal ini terjadi di ibukota Indonesia yaitu Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional dengan total 135 sampel baduta pada data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 tahun 2014. Uji chi square digunakan untuk menemukan faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian underweight pada baduta. Hasil menyatakan prevalensi underweight pada baduta di provinsi DKI Jakarta adalah 30,4%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor karakteristik anak seperti usia kehamilan, BBLR dan frekuensi makan makanan manis berhubungan dengan kejadian underweight pada baduta (p-value< 0,05). Hasil penelitian menyarankan keterlibatan langsung pemerintah dalam upaya meningkatkan peran masyarakat seperti petugas puskesmas dan kader dalam mencegah, mendeteksi dan melakukan penanganan kasus underweight seperti memberikan edukasi dan solusi kepada masyarakat guna mencegah terjadinya underweight.

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A good health status, cognitive development, and productivity cannot be achieved without a good nutrition. Nutrition problems can affect all ages group, but infant and children are the most vulnerable among the others due to high nutritional needs for an optimal growth and development process. Two years old children are included in the first 1,000 days of life period, where the nutritional status and its fulfilment will be shaping the health status in the next age period. Unfortunately, underweight still become a serious health problem in Indonesia, especially in the capital of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta province. This study used a cross-sectional study with a total of 135 samples of under two years old children in Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 data in 2014. The chi square test was used to find factors associated with underweight among two years old children. The result stated that the prevalence of underweight among under two years old children in DKI Jakarta province was 30,4%. The result showed that child characteristics such as gestational age, Low Birth Weight (LBW), and frequency of eating sweets were associated with underweight in children under two years old (p-value < 0,05). The result of study suggesting government for taking more involvement in a way to increasing the role of community such as health center staff and cadres on preventing, detecting, and handling underweight cases by providing education and solutions to prevent underweight.

Abstrak :
Berat badan kurang pada balita merupakan rendahnya berat badan terhadap umur seseorang. Balita dikatakan memiliki berat badan kurang jika nilai Z-Score berada pada -3 SD s/d < -2 SD pada indeks status gizi berdasarkan berat badan menurut umur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap berat badan kurang pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data RISKESDAS tahun 2018. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah 28.952 balita umur 24-59 bulan di wilayah perdesaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 22,6% balita umur 24-59 bulan di wilayah perdesaan memiliki berat badan kurang. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit infeksi balita (p = 0,000), tingkat Pendidikan ibu (p = 0,000), jumlah anggota keluarga (p = 0,000), air layak konsumsi (p = 0,000) dan cara penanganan tinja balita (p = 0,000) dengan berat badan kurang pada balita di wilayah perdesaan. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antara status pekerjaan ayah dengan berat badan kurang pada balita di wilayah perdesaan. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya peningkatan status gizi dan melakukan pemantauan serta memberikan intervensi guna menekan angka balita yang memiliki berat badan kurang, terutama pada keluarga dan balita yang berada di wilayah perdesaan yang sulit dijangkau. ......Underweight in toddlers is a low body weight for a person's age. Toddlers are said to be underweight if the Z-Score v is at -3 SD to < -2 SD on the nutritional status index based on weight for a period. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that contribute to underweight in toddlers. This study used a cross-sectional study design using RISKESDAS data in 2018. The sample size was 28,952 toddlers aged 24-59 months in rural areas. The results showed that 22.6% of toddlers aged 24-59 months in rural areas were underweight. The results of the chi-square test showed that there was an association between the history of infectious diseases (p=0,000), the mother's education level (p=0.000), the number of family members (p=0,000), water suitable for consumption (p=0.000) and how to handle toddler feces (p=0,000) with underweight in toddlers in rural areas. However, there was no association between the father's employment status and being underweight among rural under-fives. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve nutritional status and monitor and provide interventions to reduce the number of underweight children under five, especially in families and children under five in rural areas that are difficult to reach.

Abstrak :
Underweight merupakan masalah gizi yang umumnya dialami oleh anak-anak berusia di bawah 5 tahun, yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti penurunan daya tahan tubuh, penurunan fungsi kelenjar pituitary, tiroid, gonad, gangguan psikologis serta menimbulkan masalah gizi lain yaitu wasting atau stunting (Ali, 2006; Mamhidira, 2006; WHO, 2010; Andriani, 2012; Mahan, Raymond, 2017). Jumlah anak berusia 0-59 bulan yang menderita underweight di wilayah Jakarta Pusat pada tahun 2017 tercatat sebanyak 18,1% (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018). Kejadian underweight pada anak dakarena faktor-faktor seperti asupan gizi, penyakit infeksi, praktik IMD, praktik ASI eksklusif, karakteristik keluarga dan lainnya. Untuk mengetahui proporsi underweight, hubungan antara faktor-faktor tersebut serta faktor dominan kejadian underweight maka dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional pada anak usia 25-30 bulan di Kecamatan Gambir dan Kecamatan Sawah Besar, Jakarta Pusat. Total sampel penelitian berjumlah 121 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase anak yang memiliki status gizi underweight sebesar 25.6%. Hasil analisis dengan uji chi-square menandakan ada perbedaan signifikan pada asupan energi (P-value = 0.027), asupan karbohidrat (P-value = 0.035), tingkat pendidikan ayah (P-value = 0.045), pendapatan keluarga (P-value = 0.004) terhadap underweight. Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda menandakan asupan karbohidrat merupakan faktor dominan underweight (OR = 7.7). ......Underweight is a nutritional problem that is generally experienced by children under 5 years of age, which can cause negative effects such as decreased endurance, decreased function of the pituitary gland, thyroid, gonads, psychological disorders and cause other nutritional problems namely wasting or stunting (Ali, 2006; Mamhidira, 2006; WHO, 2010; Andriani, 2012; Mahan, Raymond, 2017). The number of children aged 0-59 months suffering from underweight in the Central Jakarta area in 2017 was 18.1% (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2018). The incidence of underweight in children can be caused by direct and indirect factors such as nutritional intake, infectious diseases, IMD practices, exclusive breastfeeding practices, family characteristics and others. To determine the proportion of underweight, the relationship between these factors as well as the dominant factors of underweight events, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 25-30 months in Gambir Subdistrict and Sawah Besar Subdistrict, Central Jakarta. The total sample of the study amounted to 121 children. The results showed the percentage of children who had underweight nutritional status was 25.6%. The results of the analysis with the chi-square test showed there were significant differences in energy intake (P-value = 0.027), carbohydrate intake (P-value = 0.035), father's education level (P-value = 0.045), family income (P-value = 0.004) against underweight. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that carbohydrate intake was a dominant factor underweight (OR = 7,7).

Abstrak :
Purpose: The body mass index (BMI) before lung transplantation (LT) is a benchmark of the post-LT survival. The aim of the study is to determine the BMI inadequate for the post-LT survival.

Methods: We examined the survival after LT in patients grouped into the following BMI categories: <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (normal weight), 25-29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), and ≥30.0 kg/m2 (obese) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. A more detailed categorization was made for further evaluation of the underweight group: mild (17.0 ≤ BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and severely underweight (BMI <17.0 kg/m2).

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the post-LT survival between underweight and normal-weight patients (5-year survival: 78.7 vs. 76.1%). Patients with BMI <17.0 kg/m2 had a worse prognosis than those with 17.0 ≤ BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (5-year survival: 70.3 vs. 90.0%).

Conclusions: Standard BMI categorization per the WHO criteria is inadequate for determining the post-LT survival, especially in underweight patients. For the nutritional evaluation of underweight pre-LT patients, BMI <17.0 kg/m2 should be used instead of BMI <18.5 kg/m2.