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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Skripsi ini akan membahas tentang peran Madrasah Nizamiyah sebagai soft power Kesultanan Seljuk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Madrasah Nizamiyah merupakan sebuah institusi pendidikan tinggi yang didirikan oleh Nizam al-Mulk. Tujuan utama didirikannya Madrasah Nizamiyah adalah untuk menghalau hegemoni dan perkembangan Syi rsquo;ah di wilayah Kesultanan Seljuk. Madrasah Nizamiyah dijadikan sebagai perangkat untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan karena pada masa itu aktivitas intelektual Syi rsquo;ah sangat berkembang di masyarakat. Praktik yang demikian dikenal dengan istilah soft power. Nye 2004 mengatakan bahwa soft power adalah kemampuan untuk mendapatkan apa yang kita inginkan melalui attraction ketertarikan daripada paksaan ataupun bayaran. Soft power memiliki tiga soft power resources sumber soft power , yaitu budaya, nilai, dan kebijakan. Vuving 2009 mengatakan untuk menilai kekuatan suatu soft power, dapat menggunakan suatu teori yang dia sebut sebagai Soft Power Currencies. Soft power currencies mencakup tiga aspek, yaitu benignity kedermawanan, brilliance kecemerlangan, dan beauty keindahan. Dengan menggunakan teori tersebut, penulis menemukan empat pengaruh yang dihasilkan, yaitu 1 masyarakat turut serta dalam pengembangan fungsi perpustakaan Madrasah Nizamiyah sebagai tempat diskusi dan penelitian; 2 Madrasah Nizamiyah menjadi percontohan bentuk pendidikan tinggi bagi banyak institusi pendidikan tinggi di dunia Islam; 3 sistem pada Madrasah Nizamiyah menginspirasi konsep pendidikan tinggi di dunia Barat; 4 masyarakat sangat antusias belajar di Madrasah Nizamiyah. Bahkan, ada sebagian yang berpindah madzhab hanya demi belajar dan mengajar di Madrasah Nizamiyah. Dilihat dari empat pengaruh tersebut, Madrasah Nizamiyah telah berhasil menjalankan perannya sebagai soft power Kesultanan Seljuk untuk membuat pengaruh Syiah di wilayah Kesultanan Seljuk berkurang dan beralih ke pemahaman Sunni.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis focuses on the role of Madrasah Nizamiyah as soft power of Great Seljuk Empire. The method that used in this research is historical method. Madrasah Nizamiyah is an higher education institution which created by Nizam al Mulk. The main objective of Madrasah Nizamiyah is to drive away the hegemony and development of Shias doctrines. Madrasah Nizamiyah was used as a property to preserve Great Seljuk Empire rsquo s power because at that time Shia intelectual activities are growth well in societies. They were using soft power. Nye 2004 said that soft power is an ability to get what we want through attractions rather than coercion or payments. Soft power has three soft power resources, that are culture, value, and policy. Vuving 2009 said that if we want to measure the power of soft power, we can use a theory called Soft Power Currencies. Soft Power Currencies has three aspects, that are benignity, brilliance, and beuty. Analysing by this theory, I find four impressions by societies, 1 they contribute to develop the function library of Madrasah Nizamiyah become a discussion and research spot. 2 Madrasah Nizamiyah was becoming a figure of Islamic higher education institutions in Islamic world 3 Madrasah Nizamiyahs system was inspiring the higher education institutions concept in West 4 they are very enthusistic to learn in Madrasah Nizamiyah. According to that four impressions, Madrasah Nizamiyah has been successed as the soft power of Great Seljuk Empire to make Shi rsquo i hegemony drastically decreased and turn to Sunni.

Abstrak :
In Essays on Turkish Literature and History Barbara Flemming makes available essays partly previously published in German. They offer insights gained through decades of scholarship. Although the Ottoman period is central, a wide range is covered, including an early Turkish principality, Mamluk and Ottoman Egypt, and contemporary southeastern Turkey. The essays look into historical and political factors involved in the preoccupation with the worlds ending, into Muslim-Christian dialogue, the sultans prayer before battle, and the bilingualism of poets. Of particular interest are the sections on female participation in mysticism, on an anti-Sufi movement in Cairo, on the Ottoman capitals appeal to collectors and emigrants (Diez, Sussheim, Bohlau), and on the far-reaching effects of alphabet change.

Abstrak :
In Islamic law the world was made up of the House of Islam and the House of War with the Ottoman Sultan--the perceived successor to the Caliphs--supreme ruler of the Islamic world. However, Suraiya Faroqhi demonstrates that there was no iron curtain between the Ottoman and other worlds but rather a long-established network of diplomatic, financial, cultural and religious connections. These extended to the empires of Asia and the modern states of Europe ... Based on a huge study of original and early modern sources, including diplomatic records, travel and geographical writing, as well as personal accounts.

Abstrak :
Affect, Emotion and Subjectivity in Early Modern Muslim Empires presents new approaches to Ottoman Safavid and Mughal art and culture. Taking artistic agency as a starting point, the authors consider the rise in status of architects, the self-fashioning of artists, the development of public spaces, as well as new literary genres that focus on the individual subject and his or her place in the world. They consider the issue of affect as performative and responsive to certain emotions and actions, thus allowing insights into the motivations behind the making and, in some cases, the destruction of works of art. The interconnected histories of Iran,Turkey and India thus highlight the urban and intellectual changes that defined the early modern period.