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Abstrak :
Tumor merupakan sebuah benjolan abnormal dalam tubuh yang dapat bersifat jinak atau ganas dan biasanya disebabkan oleh penyebaran sel abnormal yang tumbuh tidak terkontrol dan tidak terkendali (keganasan) maupun infeksi. Pasien dengan penyakit kanker mengalami gejala fatigue, gangguan pola tidur, ansietas, depresi dan nyeri. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh teknik relaksasi Benson sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan dalam mengatasi masalah nyeri. Metode yang digunakan berupa laporan kasus yang telah dikelola selama 4 hari terhadap pasien individu yang terdiagnosis tumor paru dan sedang menjalani perawatan di ruang Anggrek lantai 1 di salah satu rumah sakit umum pusat di Jakarta. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pasien dapat menerima intervensi yang diberikan, melakukannya dengan baik dan rutin, sehingga dapat merasakan efek yang positif yaitu perasaan yang lebih nyaman dan tenang serta berkurangnya sensasi rasa nyeri. Kata kunci : relaksasi benson, nyeri, paliatif, ruang rawat. ......Tumor is an abnormal lump in the body that can be benign or malignant and is usually caused by the spread of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably and uncontrollably (malignancy) or infection. Patients with cancer experience symptoms of fatigue, disturbed sleep patterns, anxiety, depression and pain. This scientific work aims to analyze the effect of Benson's relaxation technique as a nursing intervention in overcoming pain problems. The method used is a case report that has been managed for 4 days on individual patients diagnosed with lung tumors and currently undergoing treatment at the Orchid Room on the 1st floor of one of the central public hospitals in Jakarta. The results show that patients can accept the intervention given, did it well and routinely, therefore the patient could feels positive effects which are more comfortable and relaxed, as well as  reduced pain sensation. Keywords : benson relaxation, pain, palliative care

Abstrak :
Dua puluh persen dari operasi tumor tulang membutuhkan tranfusi darah Packed Red Cell (PRC) intraoperatif, dengan volume tranfusi rata-rata 1200 ml.^1,2. Kelebihan permintaan darah menimbulkan kerugian biaya. Selama januari-juli 2017, RSCM mengalami kerugian Rp 5,381,100,000 akibat terbuangnya 7972 kantung darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat model prediksi kebutuhan tranfusi PRC peribedah pada operasi tumor tulang berdasarkan faktor-faktor letak, ukuran, karakteristik keganasan tumor, nilai Hb prabedah dan nilai ASA prabedah. Penelitian ini memiliki desain kohort retrospektif dan dilakukan pada pasien dewasa yang menjalani pembedahan tumor pada tahun 2015-2017. Analisis dilakukan pada 82 data yang didapat dari rekam medis. Uji bivariat menunjukkan letak tumor, ukuran tumor, karakteristik keganasan tumor, nilai Hb prabedah dan nilai ASA prabedah memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap kebutuhan tranfusi PRC perioperatif. Analisis multivariat regresi linier menunjukan hanya letak tumor dan nilai Hb prabedah yang merupakan prediktor bermakna. Model alternatif hasil regresi logistik dan analisis tambahan dibuat untuk menentukan probabilitas tranfusi PRC perioperatif.

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Twenty percent of bone tumor surgery requires intraoperative blood tranfusion, mostly Packed Red Cell (PRC). Approximately 1200ml or 4-6 unit of PRC transfusion is given in a bone tumor surgery.^1,2Less accurate estimation of the need of transfusion caused excessively wasted blood requests and led to high expense loss. In January-July 2017 there were 7972 wasted bags of blood product, resulting in a loss of Rp. 5,381,100,000 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for the need of perioperative red blood cell transfusion in bone tumor surgery. This is a retrospective cohort study of adults patients underwent bone tumor surgery between 2015 to 2017. Data was retrieved from the medical records and 82 subjects were included. The bivariate analysis showed that tumor location, size, malignancy, preoperative hemoglobin level and ASA physical status were significantly correlated with perioperative needs of red blood cell transfusion. However, the linear regression showed that only tumor location and preoperative hemoglobin level were considered as significant predictors. Therefore we obtained an alternative model from logistic regression to determine the probability of the need for perioperative PRC transfusion and add additional factors in the analysis.

Abstrak :
The acknowledgment that viruses are potent biological factors in driving many cancers have seen a dramatic upsurge in recent years in large part to the success of the human papilloma virus vaccine against invasive cervical carcinomas and followed by the awarding of the noble prize in medicine in 2008 to Dr. Harald zurHausen who identified the link between papilloma virus and cervical cancers. We will also cover other known oncogenic viruses associated cancers in other mammals in addition to humans.

Abstrak :
Adequate blood supply to the eye is an important prerequisite for normal visual function. Over the past 40 years our knowledge of ocular blood flow regulation has improved significantly. This reader-friendly textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of ocular blood flow. Lavishly illustrated, it evaluates the wide array of methods that have been used to measure ocular blood flow. Furthermore, it not only offers the reader an evidence-based summary of the physiological and pharmacological properties of ocular blood flow regulation, but also demonstrates the ocular blood flow abnormalities in different vascular diseases. This book will enhance the understanding of all who are interested in learning more about ocular blood flow in health and disease.