"Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang paling rentan terhadap bencana alam, terutama gempa bumi dan tsunami. Lebih dari 600.000 orang menderita bencana di Indonesia setiap tahun. Menurut WHO, 67 persen dari sekitar 18.000 rumah sakit berada di daerah yang memiliki bahaya bencana alam. Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Gunungsitoli di Pulau Nias adalah salah satu rumah sakit yang rentan dan perlu dipersiapkan untuk menghadapi bencana alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kesiapsiagaan petugas kesehatan rumah sakit dalam menghadapi gempa bumi dan tsunami.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan metode Kualitatif dan Semi Kuantitatif (Mix-method). Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa instrumen pengukuran dalam pelaksanaan penilaian seperti kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Ada beberapa aspek yang telah dinilai termasuk pengetahuan dan sikap, kebijakan, perencanaan rumah sakit bencana, sistem peringatan, mobilisasi sumber daya, dan kelangsungan bisnis.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebagian besar responden (51.6%) berpengetahuan Cukup Baik mengenai pengetahuan umum terkait bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami, 62.3% responden berpengetahuan Baik dalam sistem peringatan dan evakuasi, dan 60.2% responden berpengetahuan Cukup Baik mengenai mobilisasi sumber daya dan respons bencana. 50.5% responden mempunyai sikap baik mengenai rekognisi bahaya, 50.5% responden mempunyai sikap baik pada sistem peringatan bahaya, dan 50.5% responden bersikap baik dalam mobilisasi sumber daya dan sistem evakuasi terkait sikap kesiapsiagaan bencana. Seluruh sampel tenaga kesehatan yang dipilih hanya mampu untuk memenuhi 40% hingga 65% keterampilan mengenai triage dan 25% hingga 33% keterampilan mengenai basic first aid. Sebanyak 51.6% sampel tenaga kesehatan menyatakan bahwa rencana kegiatan bencana rumah sakit berjalan Baik, sebanyak 49.64% sampel tenaga kesehatan menyatakan bahwa implementasi mobilisasi sumber daya tergolong Kurang Baik, dan sebanyak lebih dari 70% sampel tenaga kesehatan menyatakan bahwa implementasi tiga komponen lainnya tergolong Kurang Baik. Hasil Hospital Safety Index sebesar 0 tidak memenuhi standar. Disimpulkan secara keseluruhan, kesiapsiagaan tenaga kesehatan RSUD Gunungsitoli tergolong kurang baik.
Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural disasters, especially earthquakes and tsunamis. More than 600,000 people suffer from disasters in Indonesia every year. According to WHO, 67 percent of the approximately 18,000 hospitals are located at natural disaster hazards areas. The Gunungsitoli Regional General Hospital on Nias Island is one of the hospital that is vulnerable and needs to be prepared to deal with natural disasters. The purpose of this study was to assess the preparedness of hospital health workers to face earthquakes and tsunamis disasters. Method: This research was observational with Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative methods (Mix-method). This study used several measurement instruments in conducting assessments such as questionnaires, observations, and in-depth interviews. There were several aspects that have been assessed including knowledge and attitudes, policies, disaster hospital planning, warning systems, resource mobilization, and business continuity. Results: The results of the study found that most of the respondents (51,61%) had fair levels of knowledge related to earthquake and tsunami disasters, 62,37% of respondents had well levels of knowledge about the warning and evacuation system, and 60,21% of respondents had well levels of knowledge about the mobilization of resources and disaster response. 50.5% of respondents have good attitudes regarding hazard recognition, 58,5% of respondents have a good attitude on the hazard warning system and 50.5% of respondents are good at mobilizing resources and evacuation systems related to disaster preparedness attitudes. All selected health workers were only able to fulfill 40% to 65% of skills regarding triage and 25% to 33% of skills regarding basic first aid. As many as 51.61% of the sample of health workers stated that the planned hospital disaster activity went well, as many as 49.64% of the sample of health workers stated that the implementation of resource mobilization was classified as Poor, and more than 70% of the sample health workers stated that the implementation of the other three components was classified as Poor. The Hospital Safety Index result fulfilled 0 standard compliance. In conclusion, overall, the preparedness of health workers at the Gunungsitoli General Hospital was inadequate."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2019
