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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas argumen dalam teks opini Majalah TEMPO tahun 2010 dengan topik Presiden ke-6 Republik Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Teori argumen Toulmin yang dimodifikasi oleh Ramage dan Bean diterapkan sebagai alat analisis utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penulis opini menggunakan elemen-elemen argumen dengan lengkap, yaitu claim, ground, warrant, backing, rebuttal, dan qualifier. Elemen-elemen tersebut saling berhubungan dan membentuk pola argumen. Hubungan itu terlihat dari adanya kohesi antartopik-komen dalam elemen-elemen argumen. Dengan demikian, terjadi kesatuan argumen yang menampakkan inti pikiran penulis tentang topik tulisan. Di samping itu, dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui pula bahwa delapan teks opini Majalah TEMPO yang digunakan sebagai data penelitian ini merupakan teks argumentatif. Hal itu ditunjukkan dengan adanya ciri-ciri teks argumentatif, seperti pembuka, isi, dan penutup; penggunaan penalaran deduktif dan induktif; serta adanya usaha penulis mengarahkan pembaca untuk 'menyetujui' pikirannya tentang topik tulisan melalui argumen-argumen yang disampaikannya itu. ......This study discusses the argument in the opinion texts of TEMPO in 2010 with the topic of the 6th President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Toulmin argument theory which are modified by Ramage and Bean is applied as the main analytical tool. The results of this study show that the writers of opinions use complete elements of an argument, which are claim, ground, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. These elements are interconnected to form a pattern of an argument. Relationships are seen from the cohesion between topic-comment in the elements of the argumen. Thereby, these elements occurred the unity argument, which reveal the author's core ideas about the topic of writing. In addition, this research can also show that the eight opinion texts of TEMPO which are used as research data are argumentative texts. This was indicated by the characteristics of argumentative texts, such as introduction, contents, and conclusion; the use of deductive and inductive reasoning; and writers effort to influence the reader to 'accept' his thoughts about the subject through the arguments which it conveys.

Abstrak :
The “subject” of a sentence is a concept that presents great challenges to linguists. Most languages have something which looks like a subject, but subjects differ across languages in their nature and properties, making them an interesting phenomenon for those seeking linguistic universals. This pioneering volume takes a new approach to subjects, addressing their nature from a simultaneously formal and typological perspective. Dividing the subject into two distinct grammatical functions, it shows how the nature of these functions explains their respective properties, and argues that the split in properties shown in “ergative” languages (whereby the subject of intransitive verbs is marked as an object) results from the functions being assigned to different elements of the clause. Drawing on data from a typologically wide variety of languages, and examining a range of constructions, this book explains why, even in the case of very different languages, certain core properties can be found.