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Abstrak :
Peran pasta gigi herbal dengan pasta gigi konvensional terhadap kontrol gingivitis pada pasien ortodonti dengan alat cekat. Perawatan ortodonti dengan alat cekat bertujuan untuk perbaikan estetik dan fungsi mastikasi dan bicara pasien. Komponen pada alat cekat seperti bands, brackets, dan ligatures di dalam mulut dapat meningkatkan jumlah plak sebagai etiologi utama gingivitis. Tujuan: Penelitian randomisasi klinis-double blind ini dirancang untuk meneliti efektivitas pasta gigi herbal terhadap gingivitis dibandingkan dengan pasta gigi konvensional pada pasien ortodonti dengan alat cekat. Metode: Enam belas subjek yang akan menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi kemudian diacak dengan menggunakan metode blok randomisasi sehingga terbagi dalam kelompok tes dan kelompok kontrol. Pemeriksaan indeks gingiva Loe dan Sillness dilakukan di awal sebelum bonding brackets dan dua minggu setelahnya. Uji statistik parametrik t-berpasangan digunakan untuk membandingkan perbedaan dalam tiap kelompok dan uji t-tidak berpasangan untuk membandingkan perbedaan antar kelompok antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil: terdapat kecenderungan penurunan indeks gingiva namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi alat ortodonti cekat pada kelompok pasta gigi herbal. Terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan indeks gingiva dan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi alat cekat pada kelompok pasta gigi konvensional. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kedua pasta gigi, pasta gigi herbal menunjukkan efektivitasnya terhadap kontrol gingivitis setelah aplikasi alat ortodonti cekat sehingga dapat dijadikan alternatif pasta gigi berbasis alami dalam mengatasi gingivitis pada pasien ortodonti dengan alat cekat.

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Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance aims to improve esthetics and function of mastication and speech, however the components on a fixed appliance as bands, brackets and ligatures may increase the amount of plaque as the primary etiology of gingivitis. Objective: A double-blind study of randomized clinical trial was designed to investigate the effectiveness of herbal toothpaste against gingivitis as compared with conventional toothpaste in orthodontic patient with fixed appliance. Methods: Sixteen subjects before the application of fixed orthodontic appliance was selected based on inclusion chriteria. They were then randomized using block randomization method and divided into the test group and the control group. Gingival index of Loe and Sillness examined before brackets bonding and two weeks after. Paired t-test was used to compare the differences within the groups and unpaired t-test was used to compare the differences between groups at baseline and two weeks after. Results: There was a tendency of decreasing in gingival index but there were no significant differences between before and after the application of fixed appliance in the herbal toothpaste group. There was a tendency of increasing in gingival index and there were significants differences between before and after the application of fixed appliance in the conventional toothpaste group. There was significant difference between the two group. Conclusion: There was significant difference between the two groups, herbal indicates effectiveness in gingival control after the application of fixed orthodontic appliance, so it could be used as an alternative natural based toothpaste in overcoming gingivitis in orthodontic patients with fixed appliance.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pasta gigi merupakan bahan semi-aqueous yang digunakan untuk menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Pada umumnya, zat aktif yang dikandung dalam pasta gigi terbuat dari bahan sintetik. Namun, bahan tersebut dapat menimbulkan efek samping sehingga dibutuhkan bahan dengan efek samping yang lebih sedikit. Propolis merupakan suatu substansi resin yang memiliki sifat antibakterial dan aman terhadap tubuh sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti bahan sintetik yang dapat meminimalkan efek samping yang terjadi. Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis pengaruh paparan pasta gigi ekstrak propolis dan pasta gigi non-propolis terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm S. mutans ATCC 25175. Metode Penelitian: Pembentukan biofilm dilakukan dengan kultur S. mutans ATCC 25175 ke dalam well yang telah berisi pelikel. Pasta gigi ekstrak propolis dan non-propolis dimasukkan ke dalam well, serta diinkubasi selama 3 jam dan 18 jam. Uji kristal violet dan uji OpenCFU dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi total biomassa. Hasil Penelitian: Pada inkubasi 3 jam, tidak terlihat adanya penurunan biomassa baik pada pasta gigi ekstrak propolis maupun non-propolis. Namun, penurunan biomassa terlihat pada kedua jenis pasta gigi setelah inkubasi 18 jam. Kesimpulan: Paparan pasta gigi ekstrak propolis dalam durasi yang lama mampu menurunkan biomassa S. mutans ATCC 25175 dan menghambat pembentukan biofilm. ......Background: Toothpaste was a semi-aqueous material that is used to maintain dental and oral hygiene. Commonly, the active ingredients contained in toothpastes were made from synthetic ingredients. However, these ingredients may causes several adverse effect, therefore a biocompatible ingredient is required to minimize the adverse effect. Propolis is a resin substance that has antibacterial properties and non-toxic to the body. Thus, propolis can be used as an active substance in toothpaste to minimize the adverse effects caused by synthetic toothpaste. Aim: To analyze the effect of propolis extract and nonpropolis toothpaste exposure toward S. mutans biofilm ATCC 25175 growth. Method: S. mutans ATCC 25175 culture was added to the well that already contained pellicle to make biofilm. Both toothpaste was added into the well and incubated for 3 h and 18 h. Crystal violet and OpenCFU method was used to measure total biomass of S. mutans ATCC 25175 biofilm. Result: After 3 hours incubation, there was no reduction in biomass in both toothpaste. However, biomass reduction was seen in both toothpaste after incubation of 18 hours. Conclusion: Long duration of exposure to propolis extract toothpaste may reduce biomass of S. mutans ATCC 25175 and inhibit biofilm formation.

Abstrak :
Efektivitas pasta gigi herbal dan non-herbal dalam mengurangi akumulasi plak. Mengingat pentingnya menjaga kebersihan mulut pada pasien ortodonti dengan alat cekat dan seiring dengan meningkatnya minat masyarakat akan bahan herbal, pasta gigi herbal pun dikembangkan. Namun, efektivitas pasta gigi tersebut terhadap akumulasi plak masih diperdebatkan. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas pasta gigi herbal dengan pasta gigi non-herbal. Metode: Penelitian uji klinis randomisasi, buta ganda ini diikuti oleh 16 subyek penelitian berusia 15-35 tahun yang akan menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat. Enam belas subyek tersebut dibagi menjadi dua kelompok sesuai dengan pasta gigi yang akan mereka gunakan dan diukur akumulasi plaknya dengan indeks plak Löe dan Sillness pada gigi Ramfjord sebelum dilakukan bonding braket dan dua minggu setelah bonding braket. Hasil: Uji kemaknaan Wilcoxon menunjukkan tidak terdapatnya penurunan indeks plak yang bermakna baik yang terjadi pada penggunaan pasta gigi herbal, maupun peningkatan indeks plak yang bermakna yang terjadi pada penggunaan pasta gigi non-herbal. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney pun menunjukkan tidak terdapatnya perbedaan yang bermakna antara efektivitas pasta gigi herbal dan pasta gigi non herbal. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan akumulasi plak yang bermakna antara sebelum dan setelah pemakaian pasta gigi herbal ataupun pasta gigi nonherbal. Serta tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna secara statistik antara kedua pasta gigi tersebut pada pasien ortodonti dengan alat cekat.

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Maintaining good oral hygiene in orthodontic patients is important and as the community interest in herbal ingredients increases, herbal toothpaste was developed. Its effectiveness against dental plaque accumulation is still under debate. Herbal toothpaste has not been tested in fixed orthodontic patients. Objective: To study the effectivenes differences between herbal toothpaste and non-herbal toothpaste. Methods: This randomized, double blind clinical trial was participated by 16 subjects aged range 15-35 years who were planned for fixed orthodontic. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the type of toothpaste used. Plaque accumulations were measured according to Löe and Sillness plaque index on Ramfjord teeth before and two weeks after bonding. Results: Wilcoxon test result showed there was no significant reduction of plaque index on herbal toothpaste usage nor significant increase on non-herbal toothpaste usage. Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences between herbal and non-herbal toothpaste. Conclusion: There was no significant differences in plaque acummulation between usage of herbal toothpaste nor usage of non-herbal toothpaste. There was no significant effectiveness differences between those toothpastes in fixed orthodontic patients, although herbal toothpaste usage showed a reduction of plaque index, whereas non-herbal toothpaste usage showed an increase of plaque index.

Abstrak :
Halitosis, complained by most adult population, is a common oral condition. About 85% of the cases happened because of the microbial activity in the oral cavity that produces Volatile Sulphur Compound (VSC) which has unpleasant odour. Daily oral prophylaxis can reduce the oral VSC levels. Objective: to determine the daylong effect of Antiplaque toothpaste in daily oral prophylaxis: as dentifrice for tooth brushing and, in modified way, as oral rinse; on the VSC level. Methods: a double blind, clinical experimental study, involving 120 subjects with or without halitosis complain, divided in 2 treatment groups (oral rinse group and the combination of tooth brushing and oral rinse group, using Antiplaque toothpaste) and 2 control groups (same procedure using placebo toothpaste). The daylong VSC levels measured with halimeter were taken twice, in the afternoon of day I and day II. Results: there are significant reduction of daylong VSC levels (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P<0.05), but not in the treatment groups using the placebo toothpaste. The result on combination of tooth brushing and oral rinse using Antiplaque toothpaste are significant compared to the oral rinse treatment using Antiplaque toothpaste alone (Mann Whitney, P<0.05). Conclusion: tooth brushing with Antiplaque toothpaste combined with oral rinse using the modified Antiplaque toothpaste can significantly reduce daylong VSC levels.

Abstrak :
Objective: to determine the daylong effect of Antiplaque toothpaste active compound and the effect of tooth brushing or combination of tooth brushing and tongue cleaning on Volatile Sulphur Compounds (VSC) levels. Methods: Clinical experimental double blinded microbiological and clinical oral examination. Subjects mainly from dental faculty student with or without a chief complain of halitosis. One hundred and twenty subjects were divided into four groups that consist thirty samples each group. Two group are treatment groups using Antiplaque toothpaste and two groups are control groups using placebo toothpaste. The daylong effects of VSC levels are measured by Halimeter and organoleptic. The intra oral status were measured including periodontal status and tongue index, result: There are a reducton of VSC levels in booth treatment and control group, but the reduction only significant in group using Antiplaque toothpaste (Willcoxon signed rank test, p<0,05). There are a reduction of VSC levels in both treatment using Antiplaque toothpaste, but the combination of tooth brushing and tongue cleaning reduced VSC levels significantly lower than tooth brushing treatment (Mann Whitney U test, p< 0,05). COnclusion: Tooth brushing and combination of toothbrushing and tongue cleaning using Antiplaque toothpaste significantly reduced VSC levels.