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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh lima komposisi bahan phantom ekuivalen jaringan dan membahas karakteristik interaksi radiasi phantom ekuivalen jaringan dengan bahan penyusunnya, yaitu campuran lilin batik (lilin gondorukem, lilin cecek, lilin parafin, dan lilin lebah) dan karbon aktif. . Komposisi yang diperoleh terdiri dari lima variasi bahan phantom ekuivalen jaringan, antara lain white matter brain (20% cecek wax, 20% karbon aktif, dan 60% gondorukem wax), grey matter brain (16% cecek wax, 16% karbon aktif, 68 % lilin gondorukem), otot (10% lilin cecek, 10% karbon aktif, 80% lilin gondorukem), lemak (10% lilin cecek, 10% karbon aktif, 80% lilin parafin), dan hati (40% tepung beras, 60 % lilin). Masing-masing bahan dibuat kemudian diuji menggunakan mesin x-ray dan dosimeter ruang pengion untuk mendapatkan nilai dosis permukaan masuk (ESD) dan faktor hamburan balik (BSF) pada kondisi sinar standar Radiation Quality Attenuated Beam 5 ( RQA 5). Pengukuran ESD dan BSF dilakukan dengan variasi ketebalan phantom dari 6 cm sampai 10 cm dan variasi lapangan 20 cm × 20 cm dan 25 cm × 25 cm. Nilai rata-rata ESD dan BSF cenderung meningkat pada ketebalan 6 cm hingga 8 cm untuk jaringan otak materi putih, otak materi abu-abu, otot, lemak, hati di bidang 20 cm × 20 cm masing-masing (5,31% ± 1,73%) ; (2,86% ± 2,01%); (1,81% ± 0,79%); (0,62% ± 2,24%); dan (1,34% ± 2,2%). Sedangkan bidang 25 cm × 25 cm mengalami peningkatan (4,86% ± 0,67%); (6,03% ± 5,25%); (0,98% ± 1,31%); (12,42% ± 5,71%); dan (3,81% ± 1,16%). Nilai ESD dan BSF untuk masing-masing jaringan dijenuhkan pada ketebalan 10 cm. ......This study aims to obtain five tissue equivalent phantom compositions and discuss the interaction characteristics of tissue equivalent phantom radiation with its constituent materials, namely a mixture of batik wax (gondorukem wax, cecek wax, paraffin wax, and beeswax) and activated carbon. . The composition obtained consisted of five variations of tissue equivalent phantom materials, including white matter brain (20% cecek wax, 20% activated carbon, and 60% gondorukem wax), gray matter brain (16% cecek wax, 16% activated carbon, 68 % gondorukem wax), muscle (10% cecek wax, 10% activated carbon, 80% gondorukem wax), fat (10% cecek wax, 10% activated carbon, 80% paraffin wax), and liver (40% rice flour, 60 % wax). Each material was made and then tested using an x-ray machine and an ionizing chamber dosimeter to obtain the value of the incoming surface dose (ESD) and backscattering factor (BSF) under standard beam conditions of Radiation Quality Attenuated Beam 5 (RQA 5). ESD and BSF measurements were carried out with variations in phantom thickness from 6 cm to 10 cm and field variations of 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm. The mean values ​​of ESD and BSF tended to increase at 6 cm to 8 cm thickness for white matter brain tissue, gray matter brain, muscle, fat, liver in the areas of 20 cm × 20 cm respectively (5.31% ± 1 ,73%); (2.86% ± 2.01%); (1.81% ± 0.79%); (0.62% ± 2.24%); and (1.34% ± 2.2%). While the area of ​​25 cm × 25 cm experienced an increase (4.86% ± 0.67%); (6.03% ± 5.25%); (0.98% ± 1.31%); (12.42% ± 5.71%); and (3.81% ± 1.16%). ESD and BSF values ​​for each tissue were saturated at a thickness of 10 cm.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini, beberapa jenis lilin (gondorukem, cecek, beeswax, parafin) dan Karbon digunakan sebagai konstituen dari bahan phantom setara jaringan. Jaringan Tubuh yang menjadi ruang lingkup penelitian adalah lemak, otot, hati, serta materi putih dan abu-abu materi di otak. Studi kelayakan material dilakukan dengan uji HU. nilai menggunakan CT scan dengan tegangan rendah 80 kVp dan tinggi 130 kVp, dan menguji koefisien atenuasi menggunakan mesin x-ray dengan tegangan 70 kVp dan pada kondisi file standar RQA 5 dengan tegangan 82 kVp. Dari hasil uji nilai HU, diperoleh komposisi dan perbandingan bahan penyusun phantom material yaitu bahan ekuivalen lemak [10 (cecek) : 10 (karbon) : 80 (parafin)], otot [10 (cecek) : 10 (karbon) : 80 (gondorukem)], hati [60 (cecek) : 40 (tepung beras)], otak putih [16 (cecek) : 16 (karbon) : 68 (gondorukem)], dan materi abu-abu otak [20 (cecek) : 20 (karbon) : 60 (gondorukem)]. Dalam pengujian koefisien redaman massa, nilai /r diperoleh dengan perhitungan koefisien atenuasi linier (μ) dan densitas massa (r) dari hasil pengukuran. Akibatnya, bahan ekuivalen jaringan memiliki nilai /r pada tegangan 70 kVp ( = 39,36 keV) untuk lemak 0,205 cm2/g; otot 0,232 cm2/g; materi putih otak 0,225 cm2/g; otak abu-abu materi 0,229 cm2/g; dan hati 0,253 cm2/g dengan kesalahan literatur masing-masing jaringan sebesar 15,7%; 15,6%; 18,8%; 17,4%; dan 8,4%; serta pada tegangan 82 kVp ( = 57,82 keV) untuk lemak 0,163 cm2/g; otot 0,187 cm2/g; materi putih otak 0,179 cm2/g; materi abu-abu otak 0,170 cm2/g; dan hati 0,185 cm2/g dengan kesalahan literatur masing-masing jaringan sebesar 18,6%; 10,5%; 15,1%; 18,9%; dan 11,9%. Secara keseluruhan, bahan ekuivalen jaringan dari pengujian memiliki nilai /r yang lebih rendah dan tidak sangat dekat dengan nilai /r jaringan berdasarkan referensi. ......In this study, several types of wax (gondorukem, cecek, beeswax, paraffin) and carbon were used as constituents of tissue equivalent phantom material. Body tissues that are the scope of research are fat, muscle, liver, and white matter and gray matter in the brain. The feasibility study of the material was carried out with the HU test. values ​​using a CT scan with a low voltage of 80 kVp and a high of 130 kVp, and testing the attenuation coefficient using an x-ray machine with a voltage of 70 kVp and on standard file conditions RQA 5 with a voltage of 82 kVp. From the results of the HU value test, the composition and comparison of the ingredients for the phantom material are obtained, namely the equivalent of fat [10 (cecek) : 10 (carbon) : 80 (paraffin)], muscle [10 (cecek) : 10 (carbon) : 80 (gondorukem) )], liver [60 (cecek) : 40 (rice flour)], white brain [16 (cecek) : 16 (carbon) : 68 (gondorukem)], and brain gray matter [20 (cecek) : 20 ( carbon): 60 (gondorukem)]. In testing the mass attenuation coefficient, the value of /r is obtained by calculating the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) and mass density (r) from the measurement results. Consequently, the tissue equivalent material has a value of /r at a voltage of 70 kVp (= 39.36 keV) for 0.205 cm2/g fat; muscle 0.232 cm2/g; brain white matter 0.225 cm2/g; gray brain material 0.229 cm2/g; and liver 0.253 cm2/g with a literature error of 15.7% for each tissue; 15.6%; 18.8%; 17.4%; and 8.4%; and at a voltage of 82 kVp (= 57.82 keV) for fat 0.163 cm2/g; muscle 0.187 cm2/g; brain white matter 0.179 cm2/g; brain gray matter 0.170 cm2/g; and liver 0.185 cm2/g with a literature error of 18.6% for each tissue; 10.5%; 15.1%; 18.9%; and 11.9%. Overall, the tissue equivalent material from the test has a lower /r value and is not very close to the network /r value based on the reference