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"The definitive book on tire mechanics by the acknowledged world expert Covers everything you need to know about pneumatic tires and their impact on vehicle performance, including mathematic modeling and its practical application Written by the acknowledged world authority on the topic and the name behind the most widely used model, Pacejka's 'Magic Formula' Updated with the latest information on new and evolving tire models to ensure you can select the right model for your needs, apply it appropriately and understand its limitations In this well-known resource, leading tire model expert Hans Pacejka explains the relationship between operational variables, vehicle variables and tire modeling, taking you on a journey through the effective modeling of complex tire and vehicle dynamics problems. Covering the latest developments to Pacejka's own industry-leading model as well as the widely-used models of other pioneers in the field, the book combines theory, guidance, discussion and insight in one comprehensive reference. While the details of individual tire models are available in technical papers published by SAE, FISITA and other automotive organizations, Tire and Vehicle Dynamics remains the only reliable collection of information on the topic and the standard go-to resource for any engineer or researcher working in the area. New edition of the definitive book on tire mechanics, by the acknowledged world authority on the topicCovers everything an automotive engineer needs to know about pneumatic tires and their impact on vehicle performance, including mathematic modelling and its practical applicationMost vehicle manufacturers use what is commonly known as Pacejka's 'Magic Formula', the tire model developed and presented in this book."

"ABSTRAKEfek negatif yang timbul dari keberadaan limbah ban bekas pada lingkungan merupakanmasalah utama di seluruh dunia, hal ini membutuhkan penekanan pada proses daur ulangdan proses penggunaan kembali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari metodepengolahan yang memberikan nilai tertinggi untuk material ban bekas dan menjadikansalah satu bahan baku produksi masal. Daur ulang sebagai bahan baku substitusi produksiban baru menjadi salah satu pilihan potensial untuk memperoleh pemanfaatan dengankonservasi nilai material yang sebaik-baiknya menurut prinsip Production for MaterialValue Conservation. Pada penelitian ini karet remah dari material ban bekas telah diujisebagai bahan baku pencampur dalam memproduksi ban. Kompon karet dibuat denganvariasi campuran material karet dari ban bekas dan material karet baru. Hasil uji komponmenunjukan persentase material ban bekas yang paling optimum untuk campuranmaterial karet ban mobil adalah sebesar 15%, setelah diaplikasikan dengan prosesretreading ban kemudian dilakukan uji kelayakan teknis yaitu uji Sifat Tampak, Dimensi,Penunjuk Keausan Telapak, dan Ketahanan pada berbagai beban untuk memenuhipersyaratan standar SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia).

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ABSTRACTThe negative effects arising from the presence of waste tires in the environment are amajor problem throughout the world, this requires emphasis on the recycling process andthe reuse process. The purpose of this research is to find a processing method that providesthe highest value for used tire material and makes one of the raw materials for massproduction. Recycling as a raw material for substituting new tire production is one of thepotential choices for obtaining utilization by conserving the best value of materialaccording to the principle of Production for Material Value Conservation. In this studycrumb rubber from used tire material has been tested as a mixing raw material inproducing tires. Rubber compound is made with a variety of mixture of rubber materialfrom used tires and new rubber material. Compound test results showed the percentageof the most optimum used tire material for the mixture of car tire rubber material was15%, after being applied with the process of retreading the tire then a technical feasibilitytest was carried out namely test of Visual Properties, Dimensions, Tread Wear Indicatorand Endurance to meet the requirements of the SNI standard (Indonesian NationalStandard)."

"ABSTRAKBan habis masa pakai merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan terbesar yang tidak bernilai harganya jika tidak dilakukan pengolahan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari metode pengolahan yang memberikan nilai tertinggi untuk material ban bekas mobil dan menjadikan salah satu bahan baku produksi masal. Daur ulang sebagai bahan baku substitusi produksi ban baru menjadi salah satu pilihan potensial untuk memperoleh pemanfaatan dengan konservasi nilai material yang sebaik-baiknya menurut prinsip Production for Material Value Conservation. Pada penelitian ini karet remah dari material ban mobil bekas telah diuji sebagai bahan baku pencampur dalam memproduksi ban. Kompon karet dibuat dengan variasi campuran material karet dari ban mobil bekas dan material karet baru. Hasil uji menunjukkan persentase material ban bekas yang paling optimum untuk campuran material karet ban mobil adalah sebesar 15 , ban sepeda motor sebesar 25 , dan ban sepeda sebesar 50 . Pemanfaatan ban bekas mobil sebagai salah bahan baku pencampur dalam memproduksi ban selain bermanfaat bagi kelestarian lingkungan juga bermanfaat bagi perekonomian karena memberikan manfaat multiplier effect bagi perusahaan ban, perusahaan pengumpul dan pengolah limbah ban, dan masyarakat di sekitarnya.

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ABSTRACTEnd of life tires are one of the greatest environmental concerns that are not worth the value if not properly treated. This study aims to find the method of processing that provides the highest value for used car tire material and make one of the raw materials of mass production. Recycling as a substitute raw material for new tire production becomes one of the potential options for obtaining utilization with the best possible conservation of material value according to the principles of Production for Material Value Conservation. In this research, crumb rubber from used car tire material has been tested as raw material of mixer in producing tire. Rubber compound is made with a mixture of rubber materials from used car tires and new rubber materials. The test results show the most optimum percentage of used tire material for rubber tire material mixture is 15 , motorcycle tire is 25 , and bicycle tire is 50 . Utilization of used car tires as a raw material mixing in producing tires in addition to beneficial for environmental sustainability is also beneficial to the economy because it provides multiplier effects for tire companies, tire collection and processing companies, and surrounding communities."

"This book highlights the mechanics of tire performance, offering detailed explanations of deriving basic equations for the fundamental properties of tires, and discussing ways to improve tire performance using these equations. It also compares the theory with practical measurements. The book commences with composite mechanics, which is the fundamental theory for belt and carcass tires, and covers classical, modified and discrete lamination theory. It then addresses the theory of tire shape and spring properties and the mechanics of tread pattern contact properties, as was well as the performance of various tires. This comprehensive book is a valuable resource for engineers involved in tire design and offers unique insights and examples of improvement of tire performances."

"Penggunaaan ban karet bekas sebagai substitusi agregat halus dalam beton akan membantu mengurangi jumlah limbah ban yang berakhir di tempat pembuangan akhir dan mengurangi masalah yang ditimbulkan akibat penumpukannya. Ban karet bekas menjadi material subsitusi agregat halus dalam recana campuran beton sebanyak 10% dari volumenya. Ban karet bekas dicacah menjadi 3 variasi ukuran agregat yakni ukuran saringan No.8 (2.36 mm) sampai No.30 (0.6 mm), No. 4 (4.75 mm) sampai No.8 (2.36 mm), dan No.4 (4.75 mm) sampai No.30 (0.6 mm). Ban karet bekas yang telah menjadi agregat dilakukan pra-perawatan dengan direndam 30 menit di dalam NaOH dengan konsentrasi 10%. Pengujian yang dilakukan untuk benda uji adalah slump test, uji kuat tekan dengan digital image correlation, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, dan uji kuat tarik belah. Studi ini meneliti mengenai properti mekanis seperti kuat tekan, pola kegagalan, displacement, daktilitas, stiffness, poisson ratio, modulus elastisitas, kuat tarik belah, dan cepat rambat gelombang. Beton dengan substitusi agregat karet ban dengan ukuran No.4 (4.75 mm) sampai No.30 (0.6 mm) memberikan nilai daktilitas dan poisson ratio yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan beton tanpa substitusi, menjadikan beton dapat berdeformasi secara lebih besar.

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The utilization of used rubber tires as a substitute for fine aggregate in concrete will help to reduce the amount of tire waste that ends up in landfills and the problems caused by its accumulating number. Used rubber tires are used as a substitute for fine aggregate in the concrete mix plan for as much as 10% of its volume. Used rubber tires are cut into 3 variations of aggregate size, which are No. 8 (2.36 mm) to No. 30 (0.6 mm), No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve. 4 (4.75 mm) to No. 8 (2.36 mm), and No. 4 (4.75 mm) to No. 30 (0.6 mm). Used rubber tires that have become aggregates are pre-treated by soaking them for 30 minutes in a 10% NaOH solution. The tests carried out for the test objects are slump test, compressive strength test with digital image correlation, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, and split tensile strength test. This study examines mechanical properties such as compressive strength, failure pattern, displacement, ductility, stiffness, poisson ratio, modulus of elasticity, split tensile strength, and propagation velocity. Crumb rubber concrete with sizes of rubber aggregate no. 4 (4.75 mm) to no. 30 (0.6 mm) gave higher ductility and poisson ratio values than concrete without substitution, making the concrete able to deform on a larger scale."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pembuatan alat pengukur kedalaman tapak ban otomatis dan pengembangan aplikasi perkiraan umur ban yang sebelumnya pernah dibuat untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas penggunaannya. Alat pengukur otomatis dibuat menggunakan Autodesk untuk desain dan simulasi kekuatan tegangan alat dan untuk porting aplikasi akan menggunakan Android Studio beserta Flutter yang menggunakan pemrograman model matematis yang dibuat oleh Saputra (2022). Penelitian ini menujukkan akurasi pengukuran alat dalam pengambilan data dan ukuran keringkasan alat untuk dapat digunakan banyak tipe kendaraan dan pengaruh perilaku berkendara yang berbeda-beda dalam pengurangan ketebalan ban serta besarnya deviasi aplikasi penghitungan android dengan penghitungan aplikasi sebelumnya yang membuktikan keberhasilan penghitungan.

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This research discusses the development of an automatic tire tread depth measurement tool and the improvement of a tire lifespan estimation application previously created to enhance its usability. The automatic measurement tool was designed using Autodesk for design and stress simulation, while the application porting utilized Android Studio along with Flutter, incorporating the mathematical programming model developed by Saputra (2022). The study highlights the tool's measurement accuracy for gathering data and compactness, which determine it’s capability for various vehicle types. It also examines the influence of different driving behaviors on tire thickness reduction and the deviation between the calculations of the Android application and the previous application, demonstrating the success of the calculations. "