Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Debu filter yang dihasilkan pada proses pembuatan baja melalui tanur busur listrik, saat ini pada negara-negara maju dikategorikan sebagai limbah yang berbahaya. Salah satu teknologi yang menawarkan pengolahan debu filter ini adalah proses HTM (High Turbulence Mixer). Pada proses ini debu filter -tanpa proses aglomerisasi- dimasukkan ke dalam besi/baja cair yang terdapat pada reactor. Beberapa oksida seperti ZnO, PbO dan FeO akan tereduksi sementara CaO, SiO2, MnO, P205 dan AI203 akan masuk ke terak yang tidak berbahaya

Untuk mengoptimalkan parameter penting pada proses pengolahan debu filter di reaktor HTM, dilakukan perhitungan termodinamik dengan bantuan program komputer ChemSage. Melalui model simulasi ini, ingin diketahui parameter-parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap proses-proses metalurgi pengolahan debu filter, antara lain kandungan karbon dan temperatur pada besi/baja cair, basasitas terak serta besarnya tekanan pada permukaan besi/baja cair.

Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa untuk mereduksi keseluruhan oksida-oksida seperti ZnO, PbO, dan FeO yang ada pada debu filter, dibutuhkan paling sedikit kadar karbon awal pada besi.baja cair sebesar 4%. Besarnya temperatur besi/baja cair yang optimal untuk pengolahan debu filter adalah 1500°C. Meski peningkatan temperatur menguntungkan proses penguapan Zn dari besi/baja cair, namun hal ini sebaiknya dihindarkan karena akan berpengaruh negatif terhadap refraktori reaktor HTM. Pengaruh basasitas terak antara 0,3 sampai 2,7 terhadap derajat penguapan Zn tidak terlampau berarti jika dibandingkan dengan pengaruh kadar karbon pada besi/baja cair yang terdapat dalam reaktor HTM.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Debu filter yang dihasilkan pada proses pembuatan baja melalui tanur busur listrik, saat ini pada negara-negara maju dikategorikan sebagai limbah yang berbahaya. Salah satu teknologi yang menawarkan pengolahan debu filter ini adalah proses HTM (High Turbulence Mixer). Pada proses ini debu filter -tanpa proses aglomerisasi- dimasukkan ke dalam besi/baja cair yang terdapat pada reactor. Beberapa oksida seperti ZnO, PbO dan FeO akan tereduksi sementara CaO, SiO2, MnO, P205 dan AI203 akan masuk ke terak yang tidak berbahaya

Untuk mengoptimalkan parameter penting pada proses pengolahan debu filter di reaktor HTM, dilakukan perhitungan termodinamik dengan bantuan program komputer ChemSage. Melalui model simulasi ini, ingin diketahui parameter-parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap proses-proses metalurgi pengolahan debu filter, antara lain kandungan karbon dan temperatur pada besi/baja cair, basasitas terak serta besarnya tekanan pada permukaan besi/baja cair.

Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa untuk mereduksi keseluruhan oksida-oksida seperti ZnO, PbO, dan FeO yang ada pada debu filter, dibutuhkan paling sedikit kadar karbon awal pada besi.baja cair sebesar 4%. Besarnya temperatur besi/baja cair yang optimal untuk pengolahan debu filter adalah 1500°C. Meski peningkatan temperatur menguntungkan proses penguapan Zn dari besi/baja cair, namun hal ini sebaiknya dihindarkan karena akan berpengaruh negatif terhadap refraktori reaktor HTM. Pengaruh basasitas terak antara 0,3 sampai 2,7 terhadap derajat penguapan Zn tidak terlampau berarti jika dibandingkan dengan pengaruh kadar karbon pada besi/baja cair yang terdapat dalam reaktor HTM.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tulisan ini membahas ruang lingkup tahapan pemisahan (distilasi), sebagai tahapan yang penting dalam pemisahan komponen agar mendapatkan komponen yang murni. Dalam tahapan distilasi ini, terjadi perbedaan yang dipengaruhi oleh tekanan, temperatur, konsentrasi, dan kecepatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa nilai kehilangan eksergi di setiap tray pada konfigurasi tertentu dari setiap pemisahan multikomponen. Komponen yang dipisahkan dari kilang LNG berupa metana, etana, propana, n-butana, i-butana dan i-pentana. Data eksperimen khususnya komposisi untuk komponen yang dipisahkan tersebut diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Metode perhitungan yang digunakan mengacu pada penelitian sebelumnya. Konfigurasi pemisahan komponen berdasarkan titik didih menghasilkan exergy loss sebesar 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost yang dibutuhkan untuk kondensor sebesar US$ 6.892.639 dan untuk reboiler sebesar US$ 11.054. Konfigurasi pemisahan komponen berdasarkan fraksi terbesar menghasilkan exergy loss sebesar 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost yang dibutuhkan untuk kondensor sebesar US$ 6.898.806 dan untuk reboiler sebesar US$ 19.382. Konfigurasi pemisahan komponen berdasarkan equimolar menghasilkan exergy loss sebesar 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost yang dibutuhkan untuk kondensor sebesar US$ 6.900.682 dan untuk reboiler sebesar US$ 21.939.Semakin kecil nilai exergy loss akan semakin kecil pula utility cost yang dibutuhkan.

---

ABSTRACT
This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too.;This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too.;This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too.;This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too.;This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too.;This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too., This research discusses the scope of phase separation (distillation), as an important stage in the separation of components in order to obtain a pure component. In this distillation stage, there is a difference which is affected by pressure, temperature, concentration, and speed. The main goals of research on the simulation of distillation is to analyze exergy loss in each configuration for multicomponent separation. Component will be separated from LNG Plant are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and i-pentane. Experiment datafor composition of the separated components written by previous researcher. The method is arranged by previous researcher. Configuration component separation by boiling point has produced exergy loss of 9.220,57 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.892.639 and for the reboiler of US$ 11.054. Configuration component separation by the largest fraction has produced exergy loss of 12.582,29 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.898.806 and for the reboiler of US$ 19.382. Configuration component separation by equimolar has produced exergy loss of 23.012,08 MW. Utility cost required for the condenser of US$ 6.900.682 and for the reboiler of US$ 21,939. If the value of exergy loss is small, It will be needed utility cost that small too.]

Abstrak :
Upaya pemanfaatan batubara di Indonesia jenis lignit dan sub bituininus yang berkualitas rendah menjadi lebih berguna jika djkaitkan dengan semakin dibutuhkannya gas sintesis yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku dasar petrokimia. Pada studi ini pemanfaatan batubara ini lebih ditujukan untuk menghasilkan gas sintesis dengan menggunakan proses gasifikasi. Proses gasifikasi yang di sini adalah Proses Winkler yaitu dengan menggunakan reaktor Fluidized Bed. Pada simulasi ini diatur rasio umpan H20/0; antara 2-3 dan divariasikan tekanan operasi reaktor untuk mendapatkan rasio gas sintesis (COIHQ). Selanjumya dibahas analisis termodinamika kinerja reaksi gasifikasi pada kesetimbangan sehingga didapatkan rasio gas sintesia (CO/Hg) produk yang diinginkan. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa pada rentang temperatur Proses Winkler yaitu 850-l100°C (1123-1373K), rasio gas sintesis yang sesuai untuk proses oxo-alkohol belum tercapai. Hasil yang mendekati rasio gas sintesis untuk proses oxo-alkohol adalah 1,58 pada rasio umpan H20f02 = 3. Tekanan yang sesuai untuk pembentukan oxo-alkohol adalah tekanan di bawah 1 atm Kenalkan tekanan op erasi berpengaruh pada meningkatnya rasio gas sintesis (CO/Hg) yang dihasilkan.

Abstrak :
This study is about the analysis of thermodynamic system of a refrigeration system with two condensers coupled in series to the electric air heater system. The condenser produces waste heat reaches 90oC and the heat is accumulated into a space heater up to 140oC. That means: the heater works only up to 50oC, so the temperature of the air is high and dry, but has a very low RCES (Ratio of Specific Energy Consumption) in dew point 20oC, which is indicate that the system is very significant.

Abstrak :
To achieve this goal, the present text concentrates mainly on equilibrium thermodynamics, first, the fundamental ideas of strong interaction thermodynamics are introduced and then the main concepts and methods used in the study of the physics of complex systems are summarized. Subsequently, simplified phenomenological pictures, leading to critical behavior in hadronic matter and to hadron-quark phase transitions are introduced, followed by elements of finite-temperature lattice QCD leading to the important results obtained in computer simulation studies of the lattice approach. Next, the relation of the resulting critical behavior to symmetry breaking/restoration in QCD is clarified before the text turns to the study of the QCD phase diagram. The presentation of bulk equilibrium thermodynamics is completed by studying the properties of the quark-gluon plasma as new state of strongly interacting matter. The final chapters of the book are devoted to more specific topics which arise when nuclear collisions are considered as a tool for the experimental study of QCD thermodynamics.